Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.20.0220

Excessive dietary lead reduces growth performance and increases lead accumulation in pigs  

Choi, Hyunjun (Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University)
Ji, Sang Yun (Animal Nutritional Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration)
Jo, Hyunwoong (Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University)
Song, Minho (Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University)
Kim, Beob Gyun (Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University)
Publication Information
Animal Bioscience / v.34, no.1, 2021 , pp. 102-108 More about this Journal
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of dietary lead (Pb) supplementation and feeding period on growth performance, organ weight, and Pb accumulation in pigs. Methods: In a 56-day feeding experiment, a total of 48 barrows with initial body weight 10.4±0.6 kg were allotted to 2 dietary treatments (0 and 200 mg/kg of supplemental Pb) in a completely randomized design with 6 replicates. Body weight and feed intake were recorded to calculate growth performance. At the end of each 14 day-period (on days 14, 28, 42, and 56), an animal was randomly selected from each pen and slaughtered to collect blood samples, hair samples, left 5th rib, heart, liver, kidneys, lungs, and longissimus dorsi muscle samples. Results: Average daily gain and average daily feed intake were reduced (p<0.05) by supplemental Pb during the day 42 to 56. Relative kidney weight to body weight was linearly increased with increasing feeding period in pigs fed the Pb-supplemented diet, but not in pigs fed the control diet (p<0.05). The Pb concentrations in hair, left 5th rib, kidneys, and lungs were linearly increased with longer feeding period in pigs fed the Pb-supplemented diet, but not in pigs fed the control diet (p<0.01). Conclusion: Dietary Pb supplementation caused growth retardation and Pb accumulation in most organs, particularly in hair, bone, and kidneys in a time-dependent manner.
Keywords
Exposure Time; Lead Accumulation; Organ; Swine; Tissue; Toxicity;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Choie DD, Richter GW. Cell proliferation in rat kidney induced by lead acetate and effects of uninephrectomy on the proliferation. Am J Pathol 1972;66:265-76.
2 Sharma RP, Street JC, Shupe JL. Translocation of lead and cadmium from feed to edible tissues of swine. J Food Saf 1982;4:151-63. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4565.1982.tb00439.x   DOI
3 Areola OO, Jadhav AL, Williams-Johnson M. Relationship between lead accumulation in blood and soft tissues of rats subchronically exposed to low levels of lead. Toxic Subst Mech 1999;18:149-61. https://doi.org/10.1080/107691899229115   DOI
4 Bushnell PJ, DeLuca HF. The effects of lactose on the absorption and retention of dietary lead. J Nutr 1983;113:365-78. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/113.2.365   DOI
5 Doyle JJ, Spaulding JE. Toxic and essential trace elements in meat - a review. J Anim Sci 1978;47:398-419. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1978.472398x   DOI
6 Gurer H, Ercal N. Can antioxidants be beneficial in the treatment of lead poisoning? Free Radic Biol Med 2000;29:92745. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(00)00413-5   DOI
7 Mertz W. Trace elements in human and animal nutrition. 5th ed. Orlando, FL, USA: Academic Press; 1986.
8 Tariq H, Sharma A, Sarkar S, Ojha L, Pal RP, Mani V. Perspectives for rare earth elements as feed additive in livestock - a review. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2020;33:373-81. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.19.0242   DOI
9 National Research Council. Mineral tolerance of animals. 2nd ed. Washington, DC, USA: National Academies Press; 2005.
10 Council of the European Union. Directive 2002/32/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 May 2002 on undesirable substances in animal feed. Off J Eur Union 2002;140:10-22.
11 Chaturvedi R, Banerjee S, Chattopadhyay P, Bhattacharjee CR, Raul P, Borah K. High iron accumulation in hair and nail of people living in iron affected areas of Assam, India. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2014;110:216-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.08.028   DOI
12 Casteel SW, Weis CP, Henningsen GM, Brattin WJ. Estimation of relative bioavailability of lead in soil and soil-like materials using young swine. Environ Health Perspect 2006;114:116271. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8852   DOI
13 Committee on Nutrient Requirements of Swine, National Research Council. Nutrient requirements of swine. 11th ed. Washington, DC, USA: National Academies Press; 2012.
14 Conrad ME, Barton JC. Factors affecting the absorption and excretion of lead in the rat. Gastroenterology 1978;74:73140. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(78)90253-6   DOI
15 Humphreys DJ. Effects of exposure to excessive quantities of lead on animals. Br Vet J 1991;147:18-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/0007-1935(91)90063-S   DOI
16 Kim BG, Lindemann MD. A spreadsheet method for experimental animal allotment. J Anim Sci 2007;85(Suppl 2):112.
17 Lindemann MD, Kim BG. Technical note: a model to estimate individual feed intake of swine in group feeding. J Anim Sci 2007;85:972-5. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2006-412   DOI
18 Lockitch G. Perspectives on lead toxicity. Clin Biochem 1993;26:371-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-9120(93)90113-K   DOI
19 Horwitz W, Latimer GW. AOAC International. Official methods of analysis of AOAC International. 18th ed. Gaithersburg, MD, USA: AOAC International; 2005.
20 Brams E, Anthony W. Cadmium and lead through an agricultural food chain. Sci Total Environ 1983;28:295-306. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(83)80027-8   DOI
21 Wu S, Feng X, Wittmeier A. Microwave digestion of plant and grain reference materials in nitric acid or a mixture of nitric acid or a mixture of nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide for the determination of multi-elements by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J Anal At Spectrom 1997;12:797806. https://doi.org/10.1039/A607217H   DOI
22 Phillips C, Gyori Z, Kovacs B. The effect of adding cadmium and lead alone or in combination to the diet of pigs on their growth, carcass composition and reproduction. J Sci Food Agric 2003;83:1357-65. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.1548   DOI
23 Ashoka S, Peake BM, Bremner G, Hageman KJ, Reid MR. Comparison of digestion methods for ICP-MS determination of trace elements in fish tissues. Anal Chim Acta 2009;653:191-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2009.09.025   DOI
24 Seo S, Jeon S, Ha JK. Guidelines for experimental design and statistical analyses in animal studies submitted for publication in the Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences. AsianAustralas J Anim Sci 2018;31:1381-6. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.18.0468   DOI
25 Hsu FS, Krook L, Pond WG, Duncan JR. Interactions of dietary calcium with toxic levels of lead and zinc in pigs. J Nutr 1975;105:112-8. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/105.1.112   DOI
26 Reddy KE, Park KR, Lee SD, Yoo JH, Son AR, Lee HJ. Effects of graded concentrations of supplemental lead on lead concentrations in tissues of pigs and prediction equations for estimating dietary lead intake. Peer J 2017;5:e3936. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3936   DOI
27 Zacharias B, Lantzsch HJ, Drochner W. Influence of microbial phytase and dietary calcium on the accumulation of lead in different organs of pigs. Biol Trace Elem Res 1999;70:243. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02783833   DOI
28 Abdel-Moneim AE, Dkhil MA, Al-Quraishy S. The potential role of flaxseed oil on lead acetateinduced kidney injure in adult male albino rats. Afr J Biotechnol 2011;10:1436-51.
29 Mohammadi S, Zamani E, Mohadeth Z, et al. Effects of different doses of simvastatinon lead-induced kidney damage in Balb/c male mice. Pharm Sci 2015;20:157-62.
30 Nunes JA, Batista BL, Rodrigues JL, Caldas NM, Neto JAG, Barbosa F. A simple method based on ICP-MS for estimation of background levels of arsenic, cadmium, copper, manganese, nickel, lead, and selenium in blood of the Brazilian population. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2010;73:878-87. https://doi.org/10.1080/15287391003744807   DOI
31 Bell RR, Spickett JT. The influence of milk in the diet on the toxicity of orally ingested lead in rats. Food Cosmet Toxicol 1981;19:429-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/0015-6264(81)90446-6   DOI