Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.9708/jksci.2019.24.07.019

A Comparative Study between LSI and LDA in Constructing Traceability between Functional and Non-Functional Requirements  

Byun, Sung-Hoon (Dept. of Computer engineering, Ajou University)
Lee, Seok-Won (Dept. of Software and Computer engineering, Ajou University)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information / v.24, no.7, 2019 , pp. 19-29 More about this Journal
Abstract
Requirements traceability is regarded as one of the important quality attributes in software requirements engineering field. If requirements traceability is guaranteed then we can trace the requirements' life throughout all the phases, from the customers' needs in the early stage of the project to requirements specification, deployment, and maintenance phase. This includes not only tracking the development artifacts that accompany the requirements, but also tracking backwards from the development artifacts to the initial customer requirements associated with them. In this paper, especially, we dealt with the traceability between functional requirements and non-functional requirements. Among many Information Retrieval (IR) techniques, we decided to utilize Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) in our research. Ultimately, we conducted an experiment on constructing traceability by using two techniques and analyzed the experiment results. And then we provided a comparative study between two IR techniques in constructing traceability between functional requirements and non-functional requirements.
Keywords
Requirements Traceability; Requirements Engineering; Information Retrieval; Latent Semantic Indexing; Latent Dirichlet Allocation;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Orelena C. Z. Gotel, Anthony C. W. Finkelstein, "An analysis of the requirements traceability problem", Proceedings of the First International Conference on Requirements Engineering, Colorado Springs, CO, USA, 1994.
2 Vikash Katta, Christian Raspotnig, Peter Karpati, Tor Stalhane, "Requirements management in a combined process for safety and security assessments", Eighth International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (ARES), p.780-786, Regensburg, Germany September 2013.
3 Vikash Katta, Tor Stalhane, "A conceptual model of traceability for safety systems", Electronic Proc. 2nd Complex Systems Design & Management Conference (CSD&M 2011), Poster-Session Paper, Paris, France, 7-9 December 2011.
4 Asuncion, Hazeline U., Arthur U. Asuncion, and Richard N. Taylor. "Software traceability with topic modeling." Proceedings of the 32nd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering-Volume 1. p.95, Cape Town, South Africa, 2010.
5 Kannenberg, Andrew, and Hossein Saiedian. "Why software requirements traceability remains a challenge." CrossTalk. The Journal of Defense Software Engineering 22.5 : 14-19, 2009
6 Knethen AV, Paech B, "A survey on tracing approaches in practice and research", Research Report, ESE-Report, 095.01/E, Fraunhofer IESE, Kaiserslautern, 2002.
7 Jane Cleland-Huang, Orlena C. Z. Gotel, Jane Huffman Hayes, et al, "Software traceability: trends and future directions" Proceedings of the on Future of Software Engineering, p. 55-69, Hyderabad, India , 2014.
8 Thefor P.Williams, John F.Betak. "A Comparison of LSA and LDA for the Analysis of Railroad Accident text." Procedia Computer science, Vol 130, p. 98-102, 2018   DOI
9 Dan Port, Jane Huffman Hayes, LiGuo Huang. "Text mining support for software requirements: Traceability assurance." System Sciences (HICSS), 2011 44th Hawaii International Conference on. IEEE, p.1-11, Kauai, HI, USA, 2011.
10 Cysneiros, Luiz Marcio, and Julio Cesar Sampaio do Prado Leite. "Nonfunctional requirements: From elicitation to conceptual models." IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering Vol 30, Issue5, p.328-350, 04 May 2004   DOI
11 Gross, Daniel, and Eric Yu. "From non-functional requirements to design through patterns.", Requirements Engineering, Vol 6, Issue 1, p.18-36, 2001   DOI
12 Ismenia Galvao, Arda Goknil, "Survey of traceability approaches in model-driven engineering", 11th IEEE International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference, Annapolis, MD, USA, 2007
13 Jane Cleland-Huang, et al. "Goal-centric traceability for managing non-functional requirements." Proceedings of the 27th international conference on Software engineering. Saint Louis, MO, USA, 2005.
14 Jane Cleland-Huang, "Toward improved traceability of non-functional requirements." TEFSE '05 Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Traceability in emerging forms of software engineering. p.14-19, Long Beach, California, 2005.
15 Stefan Winkler, Jens von Pilgrim, "A survey of traceability in requirements engineering and model-driven development", Journal Software and Systems Modeling (SoSyM) archive, Volume 9, Issue 4, Pages 529-565, September 2010   DOI
16 Stale Walderhaug, Ulrik Johansen, Erlend Stav, Jan Aagedal, "Towards a generic solution for traceability in MDD", ECMDA Traceability Workshop (ECMDA-TW), p. 41-50, 2006.
17 Pedro Sanchez, Diego Alonso, Francisca Rosique, Barbara Alvarez, Juan A. Pastor, "Introducing safety requirements traceability support in model-driven development of robotic applications", IEEE Transactions on Computers, Vol 60, Issue 8, Aug. 2010.
18 Kassab, Mohamad, Olga Ormandjieva, and Maya Daneva. "A traceability metamodel for change management of non-functional requirements." Software Engineering Research, Management and Applications, Prague, Czech Republic, 2008
19 Deerwester, S., Dumais, S. T., Furnas, G. W., Landauer, T. K., & Harshman, R. "Indexing by latent semantic analysis", journal of the American society for information science, Vol 41, Issue 6, 391, September 1990   DOI
20 Hayes, Jane Huffman, Alex Dekhtyar, and James Osborne. "Improving requirements tracing via information retrieval." Requirements Engineering Conference, Monterey Bay, CA, USA, 2003
21 Yee Whye Teh, Michael I. Jordan, Matthew J. Beal and David M. Blei, "Hierarchical Dirichlet Processes", Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol 101, No.476, p.1566-1581, 2006   DOI
22 Landauer, Thomas K., Peter W. Foltz, and Darrell Laham. "An introduction to latent semantic analysis.", Discourse processes, Vol 25, Issue 2-3 p. 259-284, 1998   DOI
23 Lormans, Marco, and Arie Van Deursen. "Can LSI help reconstructing requirements traceability in design and test?" Software Maintenance and Reengineering, Bari, Italy, 2006
24 Bradford, Roger B. "An empirical study of required dimensionality for large-scale latent semantic indexing applications." Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Information and knowledge management. p. 153-162, Napa Valley, California, USA, 2008
25 Blei, David M., Andrew Y. Ng, and Michael I. Jordan. "Latent Dirichlet Allocation." Journal of Machine Learning Research 3, p.993-1022, Jan 2003
26 Hayes, Jane Huffman, Alex Dekhtyar, and James Osborne. "Improving requirements tracing via information retrieval.", Proceedings. 11th International Requirements Engineering Conference, p.138-147, Monterey Bay, CA, USA, 2003.
27 Mei, Qiaozhu, Xuehua Shen, and ChengXiang Zhai. "Automatic labeling of multinomial topic models." Proceedings of the 13th ACM SIGKDD international conference onn Kowledge discovery and data mining, p.490-499, San Jose, California, USA, 2007
28 De Lucia, Antoniol. "Information retrieval models for recovering traceability links between code and documentation." Proceedings 2000 International Conference on Software Maintenance, San Jose, CA, USA, 2000
29 Marcus, Andrian, and Jonathan I. Maletic. "Recovering documentation-to-source-code traceability links using latent semantic indexing." Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Software Engineering, Portland, Oregon, 2003
30 Giovanni Capobianco, Andrea De Lucia, et al. "On the role of the nouns in IR-based traceability recovery.", 2009 IEEE 17th International Conference on Program Comprehension, p. 148-157, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2009.
31 Oliveto, Rocco, et al. "On the equivalence of information retrieval methods for automated traceability link recovery.", 2010 IEEE 18th International Conference on Program Comprehension, p. 68-71, Braga, Minho, Portugal, 2010.
32 Gethers, Malcom, et al. "On integrating orthogonal information retrieval methods to improve traceability recovery.", 2011 27th IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance(ICSM), p. 133-142, , Williamsburg, VI, USA, 2011.
33 Stopword Lists, www.ranks.nl/stopwords
34 Rehurek, Radim, and Petr Sojka. "Software framework for topic modelling with large corpora." In Proceedings of the LREC 2010 Workshop on New Challenges for NLP Frameworks, At Malta, May 2010.