Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.9708/jksci.2011.16.7.085

A Polynomial Time Algorithm for Vertex Coloring Problem  

Lee, Sang-Un (Dept. of Multimedia Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University)
Choi, Myeong-Bok (Dept. of Multimedia Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University)
Abstract
The Vertex Coloring Problem hasn't been solved in polynomial time, so this problem has been known as NP-complete. This paper suggests linear time algorithm for Vertex Coloring Problem (VCP). The proposed algorithm is based on assumption that we can't know a priori the minimum chromatic number ${\chi}(G)$=k for graph G=(V,E) This algorithm divides Vertices V of graph into two parts as independent sets $\overline{C}$ and cover set C, then assigns the color to $\overline{C}$. The element of independent sets $\overline{C}$ is a vertex ${\upsilon}$ that has minimum degree ${\delta}(G)$ and the elements of cover set C are the vertices ${\upsilon}$ that is adjacent to ${\upsilon}$. The reduced graph is divided into independent sets $\overline{C}$ and cover set C again until no edge is in a cover set C. As a result of experiments, this algorithm finds the ${\chi}(G)$=k perfectly for 26 Graphs that shows the number of selecting ${\upsilon}$ is less than the number of vertices n.
Keywords
Minimum Vertex Cover (MVC); Maximum Independent Set (MIS); Minimum Degree (${\delta}(G)$); Vertex Coloring Problem; Chromatic Number (${\chi}(G)$);
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Wikipedia , "Hadwiger-Nelson Problem," http://en.wikipeia.org/wiki/Hadwiger_Nelson_Problem,Wikimedia Foundation Inc. 2008.
2 R. Thomas, "An Update on the Four-Color Theorem," Notices of the American Mathematical Society, Vol. 45, No. 7, 1998.
3 R. Naserasr and C. Tardif, "The Chromatic Covering Number of a Graph," http://www.math.uwaterloo.ca/-naserasr/pdfs/ccn4.pdf, 2005.
4 F. Herrmann and A. Hertz, "Finding The Chromatic Number By Means Of Critical Graphs," ACM Journal of Experimental Algorithms, pp. 1-9, 2002.
5 Wikipedia, "Degree (Graph Theory)," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degree_(graph-theory), Wikimedia Foundation Inc., 2008.
6 R. V. Stee, "Approximations-und Online-Algor ithmen: Vertex Cover und Scheduling Unrelated Machines,"http://algo2.iti.uni-karlsruhe.de/vanstee/courses/, 2007.
7 E. W. Weisstein, "Maximal Independent Vertex Set," http://mathworld.wolfram.com/MaximalIndependentVertexSet.html,Wolfram Research Inc., Mathworld, 2008.
8 A. Dharwadker, "The Vertex Coloring Algorithm," http://www.geocities.com/dharwadker/vertex_coloring/, 2006.
9 Wikipedia, "Hadwiger Conjecture (Graph Theory)," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadwiger_Conjecture(graph_theory), Wikimedia Foundation Inc., 2008.
10 Y. W. Chang, "Algorithms: Greedy Algorithms," http://cc.ee.ntu.edu.tw/-ywchang/Courses/Alg/unitf.pdf, 2007.
11 Wikipedia, "NP-Complete," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NP-Complete, Wikimedia Foundation Inc., 2008.
12 M. A. A. Zito, "COMP309: Efficient Sequential Algorithms-Vertex Cover," University of Liverpool, http://www.csc.liv.ac.uk/-michele/TEACHING/COMP309/2005/Lec10.4.4.pdf, 2005.
13 Wikipedia, "Independent Set Problem," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_Set _Problem, Wiki media Foundation Inc., 2008.
14 J. M. Byskov, "Chromatic Number in Time $O(2.4023^n)$ Using Maximal Independent Sets," BRICS RS-02-45, 2002.
15 Wikipedia, "Four Color Theorem," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Color_Theorem, Wikimedia Foun dation Inc., 2008.
16 Wikipedia, "Graph Coloring," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_Coloring, Wikimedia Foundation Inc., 2008.