Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.7744/kjoas.20220039

Effect of milk flavor supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal score, and blood profiles in weaning piglets  

Sarbani, Biswas (Department of Animal Resource and Science)
In Ho, Kim (Department of Animal Resource and Science)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Agricultural Science / v.49, no.3, 2022 , pp. 441-450 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study explored the effects of milk flavor (MF) supplementation on growth efficiency, nutrient absorption, fecal score, and blood profiles in weaning piglets. A total of 80 (21 days old) crossbred ([Yorkshire × Duroc] × Landrace) healthy weaned piglets with an initial body weight (BW) of 7.05 ± 1.22 kg were randomly allotted to one of two nutritive treatments with 8 repetitions and five pigs (2 female and 3 male) per pen. The experiment was divided into 2 phases (d 0 - 21, and d 21 - 42), and the dietary treatments consisted of TRT1, basal diet, TRT2 and basal diet + 1.0 g·kg-1 MF. At days 21 - 42 and the overall period, the average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) increased (p < 0.05) by receiving the MF added feed. However, MF inclusion did not impact (p > 0.05) the feed efficiency (G : F) throughout the entire experiment. Piglets consuming the MF supplemented diet showed that the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N) and energy (E) did not vary significantly (p > 0.05) between the treatments. All through the experiment, the fecal score and blood profile of the piglets fed the flavor diet also remained unaffected (p > 0.05). In conclusion, MF addition to the diet of the piglets increased their body weight and had no adverse effects on nutrient utilization, fecal score, and blood profile. Thus, MF addition could improve the performance outcomes of weaning piglets.
Keywords
growth performance; milk flavor; weaning piglets;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Ao X, Lei Y, Kim IH. 2019. Effect of flavor supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, and carcass quality in growing-finishing pigs. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 100:133-139.   DOI
2 AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists). 2000. Official method of analysis. 17th ed. AOAC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
3 Bradley BL. 1980. Animal flavor types and their specific uses in compound feeds by species and age. Agriculture 11:110-122.
4 Bruininx EMAM, Binnendijk GP, Van der Peet-Schwering CMC, Schrama JW, Den Hartog LA, Evers H, Beynen AC. 2002. Effects of creep feed consumption on individual feed intake characteristics and performance of group-housed pigs. Journal of Animal Science 80:1413-1418.   DOI
5 Dang DX, Han KD, Kim IH. 2021. Supplementing volatile-flavour herbal-extract mixture to the diet of sows and their weaned offspring improves the growth performance of weaned piglets. Journal of Applied Animal Nutrition 10:1-5.   DOI
6 Frederick B, van Heugten E. 2003. Palatability and flavors in swine nutrition. Publication No. ANS02-821S. North Carolina State University, North Carolina, Raleigh, USA.
7 Graham H, Hesselman K, Jonsson E, Aman P. 1986. Influence of beta-glucanase supplementation on digestion of a barley-based diet in the pig gastrointestinal tract. Nutrition Reports International 34:1089-1096.
8 Jacela JY, De Rouchey JM, Tokach MD. 2010. Feed additives for swine: Fact sheets-flavors and mold inhibitors, mycotoxin binders, and antioxidants. Journal of Swine Health Production 18:27-32.
9 Ji Y, Kong X, Li H, Zhu Q, Guo Q, Yin Y. 2017. Effects of dietary nutrient levels on microbial community composition and diversity in the ileal contents of pregnant Huanjiang mini-pigs. Plos One 12:e0172086.
10 Johnston LJ, Pettirew JE, Baidoo SK, Shurson GC, Walker RD. 2003. Efficacy of sucrose and milk chocolate product or dried porcine soluble to increase feed intake and improve performance of lactating sows. Journal of Animal Science 81:2475-2481.
11 Kelly D, Smyth JA, Mccracken KJ. 2007. Digestive development of the early-weaned pig. 2. Effect of level of food intake on digestive enzyme activity during the immediate post-weaning period. British Journal of Nutrition 65:181-188.   DOI
12 Langendijk P, Bolhuis JE, Laurenssen BFA. 2007. Effects of pre-and post-natal exposure to garlic and aniseed flavor on pre- and post-weaning feed intake in pigs. Livestock Science 108:284-287.   DOI
13 Lee SI, Kim IH. 2018. Creep feeding improves growth performance of suckling piglets. Brazilian Journal of Animal Science 47:e20170081.
14 Lei Y, Kim JK, Tran HN, Kim IH. 2017. Effect of feed flavor and sweetener on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profile, and diarrhea score in weaning pigs. Korean Journal of Agricultural Science 44:077-085.
15 Lewis CJ, Catron DV, Combs JGE, Ashton GC, Culbertson CC. 1955. Sugar in pig starters. Journal of Animal Science 14:1103-1108.   DOI
16 Li Y, Liu H, Zhang L, Yang Y, Lin Y, Zhuo Y, Fang Z, Che L, Feng B, Xu S, et al. 2019. Maternal dietary fiber composition during gestation induces changes in offspring antioxidative capacity, inflammatory response, and gut microbiota in a sow model. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21:31.
17 Long H, Jianjun Z, Ping L, Peixin F, Peixia S, Jingshu C, Yongxi M, Wei D, Xi M. 2017. Supplementation of milky flavors improves the reproductive performance and gut function using sow model. Protein and Peptide Letters 24:449-455.   DOI
18 Munro PJ, Lirette A, Anderson DM, Ju HY. 2000. Effects of a new sweetener, Stevia, on performance of newly weaned pigs. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 80:529-531.   DOI
19 Lv JR, Kim IH, Zhang KY, Lei Y. 2012. The effects of different types of feed flavors on feed intake and feeding behaviors in growing pigs. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 11:2641-2646.   DOI
20 Mennella JA, Jagnow CP, Beauchamp GK. 2001. Prenatal and postnatal flavor learning by human infants. Pediatrics 107:e88.
21 NRC (National Research Council). 2012. Nutrient requirements of swine. 11th rev. ed. National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
22 Oostindjer M, Bolhuis JE, van den Brand H, Roura E, Kemp B. 2010. Prenatal flavor exposure affects growth, health and behavior of newly weaned piglets. Physiology & Behavior 99:579-586.   DOI
23 Rogers PJ, Carlyle JA, Hill AJ, Blundell JE. 1988. Uncoupling sweet taste and calories: Comparison of the effects of glucose and three high intensity sweeteners on hunger and food intake. Physiology and Behavior 43:547-552.   DOI
24 Shanmugam SK, Sampath VS, Kim IH. 2021. The influence of dietary inclusion of wood vinegar supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and meat quality in grower-finisher pigs. Acta Biochimica Polonica 68:287-292.
25 Simitzis PE, Deligeorgis SG, Bizelis JA, Fegeros K. 2008 Feeding preferences in lambs influenced by prenatal flavour exposure. Physiology and Behavior 93:529-536.   DOI
26 Sulabo RC, Tokach MD, DeRouchey JM, Dritz SS, Goodband RD, Nelssen JL. 2010. Influence of feed flavors and nursery diet complexity on preweaning and nursery pig performance. Journal of Animal Science 88:3918-3926.   DOI
27 van Heugten E, Roura E, Gibson M. 2002. Milky flavor alone but not in combination with sweeteners improves preference at a dietary change from piglet prestarter to starter feeds. Journal of Animal Science 80:1578.
28 Sun HY, Lei Y, Kim IH. 2019. Effect of anise flavor on the performance of sows and their litters with different weaning ages. Korean Journal of Agricultural Science 46:273-283.   DOI
29 Thacker PA, Haq I. 2008. Effect of enzymes, flavor and organic acids on nutrient digestibility, performance and carcass traits of growing-finishing pigs fed diets containing dehydrated Lucerne meal. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 89:101-108.   DOI
30 Torrallardona D, Llaurado L, Roura E, Matas J, Fort F. 2000. Enhancement of the performance of 21 d old weanling pigs with the addition of feed flavours. pp. 21-24. In Book of abstracts of the 51st Annual Meeting of the EAAP, Hague, Den Haag, Netherlands.
31 Van Immerseel F, Rood JI, Moore RJ, Titball RW. 2009. Rethinking our understanding of the pathogenesis of necrotic enteritis in chickens. Trends in Microbiology 17:32-36.   DOI
32 Wang GY, Yang C, Yang Z, Yang W, Jiang S, Zhang G, Wei M. 2015. Effects of dietary star anise (Illicium verum Hook f) supplementation during gestation and lactation on the performance of lactating multiparous sows and nursing piglets. Animal Science Journal 86:401-407.   DOI
33 Wang H, Ji Y, Yin C, Deng M, Tang T, Deng B, Ren W, Deng J, Yin Y, Tan C. 2018. Differential analysis of gut microbiota correlated with oxidative stress in sows with high or low litter performance during lactation. Frontiers in Microbiology 9:1665.
34 Wang J, Yang M, Xu SY, Lin Y, Che LQ, Fang ZF, Wu D. 2014. Comparative effects of sodium butyrate and flavors on feed intake of lactating sows and growth performance of piglets. Animal Science Journal 85:683-689.   DOI
35 Zhong M, Wu D, Lin Y, Fang ZF. 2011. Phytogenic feed additive for sows: Effects on sow feed intake, serum metabolite concentrations, igG level, lysozyme activity and milk quality. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 1:802-810.
36 Wang R, Liu N, Yang Y, Lei Y, Lyu J, Dai Z, Kim IH, Li J, Wu Z, Li D. 2021. Flavor supplementation during late gestation and lactation periods increases the reproductive performance and alters fecal microbiota of the sows. Animal Nutrition 7:679-687.
37 Xiong Y, Pang J, Lv L, Wu Y, Li N, Huang S, Feng Z, Ren Y, Wang J. 2019. Effects of maternal supplementation with rare earth elements during late gestation and lactation on performances, health, and fecal microbiota of the sows and their offspring. Animals 9:738.
38 Yan L, Jang HD, Kim IH. 2011. Creep feed: Effects of feed flavor supplementation on pre- and post-weaning performance and behavior of piglet and sow. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 24:852-856.