Browse > Article

Formulation of a reference coordinate system of three-dimensional (3D) head & neck images: Part I. Reproducibility of 3D cephalometric landmarks  

Park, Jae-Woo (Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University)
Kim, Nam-Kug (Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University)
Chang, Young-Il (Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University)
Publication Information
The korean journal of orthodontics / v.35, no.5, 2005 , pp. 388-397 More about this Journal
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to redefine the cephalometric landmarks in three-dimensional (3D) images, which are used in orthodontic cephalometric radiography, and to evaluate the reproducibility of each landmark for 3D cephalometric analysis. Eighteen CT scans were taken at the Department of Diagnostic Radiology at Seoul National University Dental Hospital and manipulated with V works 4.0(Cybermed Inc., Seoul, Korea). The coordinate system was established using 7 reference points, with no more than 4 points on the same plane. These 7 points were generated as a volume model, the voxel size of which was 4 by 4 by 2 (threshold value=639). The cephalometric landmarks were selected at the multiplanar reformation (MPR) window on the volume mode of V works 4.0. The selected landmarks were exported to V surgery (Cybermed Inc., Seoul, Korea) for the calculation of coordinate values. All the data were taken twice with a lapse of 2 weeks by one investigator The reproducibility of each landmark was $0.17\~1.21mm$ in the x axis, $0.30\~1.53mm$. In the y axis, and $0.27\~1.81mm$ in the z axis. In all three axes, the range of error was similar. These error ranges were acceptable with regards to the pixel space and slice thickness. The most reproducible points were 1 points which were selected on the basis of the volume model. The least reproducible points were J points that were defined by sutures.
Keywords
3D landmark; Reproducibility; Reference coordinate system;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Baumrind S, Moffitt FH, Curry S. The geometry of three-dimensional measurement from paired coplanar x-ray images. Am J Orthod 1983; 84:313-22   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Grayson B, Cutting C, Bookstein FL, Kim H, McCarthy JG. The three-dimensional cepnalogram: theory, technique, and clinical application. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1988;94:327-37   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Bookstein FL, Grayson B, Cutting CB, Kim HC, McCarthy JG. Landmarks in three dimensions: reconstruction from cephalogram versus direct observation. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1991;100:133-40   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Kusnoto B, Evans CA, BeGole EA, de Rijk W. Assessment of 3-dimensional computer-generated cephalometric measurements. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1999;116:390-9   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Hsieh MS, Tsai MD, Chang WC. Virtual reality simulator for osteotomy and fusion involving the musculoskeletal system. Comput Med Imaging Graph 2002;26:91 -101   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Carls FR, Schuknecht B, Sailer HF. Value of three-dimensional computed tomography in craniomaxillofacial surgery. J Craniofac Surg 1994:5: 282-8   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Sukovic P. Cone beam computed tomography in craniofacial imaging. Orthod Craniofacial Res 2003;6 Suppl 1 :31-6   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Brown T, Abbott AH. Computer-assisted location of reference points in three dimensions for radiographic cephalometry. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1989;95:490-8   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Fuhrmann RA. Three-dimensional cephalometry and three-dimensional skull models in orthodontic/surgical diagnosis and treatment planning. Semin Orthod 2002;8:17-22   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Xia J, Jp HH, Samman N, Wang D, Kot CS, Yeung RW, et al. Computer-assisted three-dimensional surgical planning and simulation: 3D virtual osteotomy. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000;29: 11-7   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Xia J, Wang D, Samman N, Yeung RW, Tideman H. Computerassisted three-dimensional surgical planning and simulation: 3D color facial model generation. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000;29:2-10   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Proffit WR, Ackerman JL. Orthodontic diagnosis: The development of a problem list. In: Proffit WR ed. Contemporary orthodontics. St Louis: Mosby; 2000. p. 170-85
13 Maki K, Miller AJ, Okano T, Shibasaki Y. A three-dimensional, quantitative computed tomographic study of changes in distribution of bone mineralization in the developing human mandible. Arch Oral Biol 2001;46:667-78   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Xia J, Samman N, Yeung RW, Wang D, Shen SG, IP HH, et al. Corrmptcr-assisted three-dimensional surgical planning and simulation. 3D soft tissue planning and prediction. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000;29:250-8   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
15 Broadbent BH. A new x-ray technique and its application to orthodontia. Angle Orthod 1931;1:1-45
16 Fuhrmann RA, Frohberg U, Diedrich PR. Treatment prediction with three-dimensional computer tomographic skull models. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1994;106:156-60   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Karcher H. Three-dimensional craniofacial surgery: transfer from a three-dimensional model (Endoplan) to clinical surgery: a new technique (Graz). J Craniomaxillofac Surg 1992;20:125-31   DOI   PUBMED
18 Vannier MW. Craniofacial computed tomography scanning: technology, applications and future trends. Orthod Craniofacial Res 2003;6 Suppl 1:23-30   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Maki K, Miller AJ, Okano T, Hatcher D, Yamaguchi T, Kobayashi H, et al. Cortical hone mineral density in asymmetrical mandibles: a three-dimensional quantitative computed tomography study. Eur J Orthod 2001;23:217-32   PUBMED
20 Waitzman AA, Posnick JC, Armstrong DC, Pron GE. Craniofacial skeletal measurements hased on computed tomography: part II Normal values and growth trends. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 1992;29:118-28   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Baumrind S, Moffitt FH, Curry S. Three-dimensional x-ray stereometry from paired coplanar images. A progress report. Am J Orthod 1983;84:292-312   DOI   ScienceOn