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http://dx.doi.org/10.7464/ksct.2021.27.3.223

Silicon/Carbon Composites Having Bimodal Mesopores for High Capacity and Stable Li-Ion Battery Anodes  

Park, Hongyeol (Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Graduate Program), Dong-A University)
Lee, Jung Kyoo (Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Graduate Program), Dong-A University)
Publication Information
Clean Technology / v.27, no.3, 2021 , pp. 223-231 More about this Journal
Abstract
In order to address many issues associated with large volume changes of silicon, which has very low electrical conductivity but offers about 10 times higher theoretical capacity than graphite (Gr), a silicon nanoparticles/hollow carbon (SiNP/HC) composite having bimodal-mesopores was prepared using silica nanoparticles as a template. A control SiNP/C composite without a hollow structure was also prepared for comparison. The physico-chemical and electrochemical properties of SiNP/HC were analyzed by X-ray diffractometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements for surface area and pore size distribution, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, galvanostatic cycling, and cyclic voltammetry tests to compare them with those of the SiNP/C composite. The SiNP/HC composite showed significantly better cycle life and efficiency than the SiNP/C, with minimal increase in electrode thickness after long cycles. A hybrid composite, SiNP/HC@Gr, prepared by physical mixing of the SiNP/HC and Gr at a 50:50 weight ratio, exhibited even better cycle life and efficiency than the SiNP/HC at low capacity. Thus, silicon/carbon composites designed to have hollow spaces capable of accommodating volume expansion were found to be highly effective for long cycle life of silicon-based composites. However, further study is required to improve the low initial coulombic efficiency of SiNP/HC and SiNP/HC@Gr, which is possibly because of their high surface area causing excessive electrolyte decomposition for the formation of solid-electrolyte-interface layers.
Keywords
Lithium-ion battery; Anode; Silicon; Mesoporous carbon;
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