Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.13065/jksdh.20190047

A study on the association between blood levels of heavy metals and periodontitis, using the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey  

Jung, Yun-Sook (Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Science & Technology, Kyungpook National University)
Kim, Eun-Kyong (Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Science & Technology, Kyungpook National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene / v.19, no.4, 2019 , pp. 535-543 More about this Journal
Abstract
Objectives: Internal exposure to certain heavy metals is thought to be associated with periodontitis. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the relationship between blood levels of heavy metals and periodontitis among the Korean population. Methods: Data from the 2012 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was analyzed. A total of 1,968 adults aged 19 years or above were included. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between blood lead levels of lead, cadmium, and mercury, and periodontitis. Confounders such as sex, age, brushing frequency, smoking, etc. were adjusted. Results: Blood levels of lead, cadmium, and mercury showed a significant relationship with periodontitis in a crude model of logistic regression analysis. However, participants with the highest blood levels of cadmium showed higher risk of periodontitis, than those with lower blood levels of cadmium (OR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.11-2.70) after adjusting for the confounders. Conclusions: High blood levels of cadmium may be associated with periodontitis among the Korean population.
Keywords
Cadmium; Heavy metals; Lead; Mercury; Periodontitis;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Liu J, Goyer RA, Waalkes MP. Toxic effects of metals.In: Klaassen CD. Casarett and Doull's Toxicology. The basic science of poisons. 7th ed. New York: McGrawHill 2008;931-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-008x(82)90276-9
2 Mackie J. Current occupational and environmental medicine. Occupational Medicine 2008;58(1):77. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqm123   DOI
3 Park JD. Heavy metal poisoning. Hanyang Medical Reviews 2010;30(4):319-25. https://doi.org/10.7599/hmr.2010.30.4.319   DOI
4 Kazantzis G. Cadmium, osteoporosis and calcium metabolism. Biometals 2004;17(5):493-8. https://doi.org/10.1023/b:biom.0000045727.76054.f3   DOI
5 Kim Y, Lee BK. Association between blood lead and mercury levels and periodontitis in the Korean general population: analysis of the 2008-2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2013;86(5):607-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-012-0796-y   DOI
6 Won YS, Kim JH, Kim YS, Bae KH. Association of internal exposure of cadmium and lead with periodontal disease: a study of the Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Clin Periodontol 2013;40(2):118-24. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12033   DOI
7 Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention[Internet]: The Sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Resource Guide. [cited 2019 May 10]. Available from: https://knhanes.cdc.go.kr/knhanes/sub04/sub04_02_02.do?classType=4
8 Jarup L, Berglund M, Elinder CG, Nordberg G, Vanter M. Health effects of cadmium exposure-a review of the literature and a risk estimate. Scand J Work Environ Health 1998;1-51.
9 Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention[Internet]: 2009 & 2012 Korea National Health Statistic report. [cited 2019 May 10]. Available from: https://knhanes.cdc.go.kr/knhanes/sub04/sub04_03.do?classType=7
10 Alfven T, Elinder CG, Carlsson MD, Grubb A, Hellstrom L, Persson B, et al. Low-level cadmium exposure and Osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 2000;15(8):1579-86. https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.2000.15.8.1579   DOI
11 Wactawski-Wende J. Periodontal diseases and osteoporosis: association and mechanisms. Ann Periodontol 2001;6(1):197-208. https://doi.org/10.1902/annals.2001.6.1.197   DOI
12 Needleman H. Lead poisoning. Annu Rev Med 2004;55(1):209-22. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.med.55.091902.103653   DOI
13 Korean Statistical Information Service[Internet]: Periodontitis prevalence rate. 2015. [cited 2017 Jan 10]. Available from: http://kosis.kr/statHtml/statHtml.do?orgId=117&tbl Id=DT_11702_N107&vw_cd=MT_ZTITLE&list_id=117_11702_B01&seqNo=&lang_mode =ko&language=kor&obj_var_id=&itm_id=&conn_path=E1(2016, December 27).
14 Saraiva MDCP, Taichman RS, Braun T, Nriagu J, Eklund SA, Burt BA. Lead exposure and periodontitis in US adults. J Periodontal Res 2007;42(1):45-52. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.2006.00913.x   DOI
15 Langford NJ, Ferner RE. Toxicity of mercury. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(10):651-6. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jhh.1000896   DOI
16 Corbett CEP, El Khouri M, Costa AN, Gyuricza JV, Corbett JF, Frizzarini R, et al. Health evaluation of gold miners living in a mercury-contaminated village in Serra Pelada, Para, Brazil. Arch Environ Occup Health 2007;62(3):121-8. https://doi.org/10.3200/aeoh.62.3.121-128   DOI
17 Arora M, Weuve J, Schwartz J, Wright RO. Association of environmental cadmium exposure with pediatric dental caries. Environ Health Perspect 2008;116(6):821-5. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.10947   DOI
18 Alomary A, Al-Momani IF, Massadeh AM. Lead and cadmium in human teeth from Jordan by atomic absorption spectrometry: Some factors influencing their concentrations. Sci Total Environ 2006;369(1-3):69-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.04.023   DOI
19 Arora M, Weuve J, Schwartz J, Wright RO. Association of environmental cadmium exposure with periodontal disease in US adults. Environ Health Perspect 2009;117(5):739-44. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0800312   DOI
20 Pihlstrom BL, Michalowicz BS, Johnson NW. Periodontal diseases. lancet 2005;366(9499):1809-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)67728-8   DOI
21 Seymour GJ, Ford PJ, Cullinan MP, Leishman S, Yamazaki K. Relationship between periodontal infections and systemic disease. Clin Microbiol Infect 2007;13:3-10. https:// doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01798.x   DOI
22 Genco RJ, Borgnakke WS. Risk factors for periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000 2013;62(1):59-94. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.2012.00457.x   DOI
23 Han DH, Lim SY, Sun BC, Janket SJ, Kim JB, Paik DI, et al. Mercury exposure and periodontitis among a Korean population: the Shiwha-Banwol environmental health study. J Periodontol 2009;80(12):1928-36. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2009.090293.   DOI