Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.17245/jdapm.2019.19.3.125

Alternative techniques for failure of conventional inferior alveolar nerve block  

Lee, Choi Ryang (Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University)
Yang, Hoon Joo (Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine / v.19, no.3, 2019 , pp. 125-134 More about this Journal
Abstract
Successful local anesthesia in dental treatment is the most important prerequisite for pain control of patients. However, unlike that in the maxilla, it is difficult to administer local anesthesia in the mandible, and the success rate of conventional inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) is only 80-85%. It is attributed to various causes such as anatomical variations, extreme anxiety, and technical errors; thus, various alternatives have been devised to improve this. We will analyze the causes of failure in conventional IANB and examine various alternatives that can be applied in these cases.
Keywords
Anatomical Factor; Anesthetic Technique; Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block; Patient Factor; Technical Factor;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Walton RE, Abbot BJ. Periodontal ligament injection: a clinical evaluation. J Am Dent Assoc 1981; 103: 571-5.   DOI
2 Smith GN, Walton RE, Abbott BJ. Clinical evaluation of periodontal ligament anesthesia using a pressure syringe. J Am Dent Assoc 1983; 107: 953-6.   DOI
3 Moore PA, Cuddy MA, Cooke MR, Sokolowski CJ. Periodontal ligament and intraosseous anesthetic injection techniques: alternatives to mandibular nerve blocks. J Am Dent Assoc 2011; 142 Suppl 3: 13S-8S.   DOI
4 Shabazfar N, Daublander M, Al-Nawas B, Kammerer PW. Periodontal intraligament injection as alternative to inferior alveolar nerve block-meta-analysis of the literature from 1979 to 2012. Clin Oral Investig 2014; 18: 351-8.   DOI
5 Berlin J, Nusstein J, Reader A, Beck M, Weaver J. Efficacy of articaine and lidocaine in a primary intraligamentary injection administered with a computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery system. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2005; 99: 361-6.   DOI
6 Masselink BH. The advent of painless dentistry. Dent Cosmos 1910; 52: 868-72.
7 Claffey E, Reader A, Nusstein J, Beck M, Weaver J. Anesthetic efficacy of articaine for inferior alveolar nerve blocks in patients with irreversible pulpitis. J Endod 2004; 30: 568-71.   DOI
8 Malamed SF. Supplemental injection techniques. In: Handbook of Local Anesthesia. 5th ed. St. Louis: Mosby. 2004, pp 256-275.
9 Brannstrom M, Lindskog S, Nordenvall KJ. Enamel hypoplasia in permanent teeth induced by periodontal ligament anesthesia of primary teeth. J Am Dent Assoc 1984; 109: 735-6.   DOI
10 Masselink BH. The advent of painless dentistry. Dent Cosmos 1910; 52: 868-72.
11 Replogle K, Reader A, Nist R, Beck M, Weaver J, Meyers WJ. Anesthetic efficiency of the intraosseous injection of 2% lidocaine (1:100,000 epinephrine) and 3% mepivacaine in mandibular first molars. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1997; 83: 30-7.   DOI
12 Replogle K, Reader A, Nist R, Beck M, Weaver J, Meyers WJ. Cardiovascular effects of intraosseous injections of 2 percent lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine and 3 percent mepivacaine. J Am Dent Assoc 1999; 130: 649-57.   DOI
13 Coggins R, Reader A, Nist R, Beck M, Meyers WJ. Anesthetic efficacy of the intraosseous injection in maxillary and mandibular teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1996; 81: 634-41.   DOI
14 Sam S, Chakorn V, Sirichai K, Chavengkiat S, Natthamet W. Inferior alveolar nerve block by intraosseous injection with $Quicksleeper^{(R)}$ at the retromolar area in mandibular third molar surgery. J Dent Anesth Pain Med 2018; 18: 339-47.   DOI
15 Nusstein J, Reader A, Nist R, Beck M, Meyers WJ. Anesthetic efficacy of the supplemental intraosseous injection of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine in irreversible pulpitis. J Endod 1998; 24: 487-91.   DOI
16 Parente SA, Anderson RW, Herman WW, Kimbrough WF, Weller RN. Anesthetic efficacy of the supplemental intraosseous injection for teeth with irreversible pulpitis. J Endod 1998; 24: 826-8.   DOI
17 Roberts GJ, Simmons NB, Longhurst P, Hewitt PB. Bacteraemia following local anaesthetic injections in children. Br Dent J 1998; 185: 295-8.   DOI
18 Gow-Gates GA. Mandibular conduction anesthesia: a new technique using extraoral landmarks. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1973; 36: 321-8.   DOI
19 Thangavelu K, Kannan R, Kumar NS. Inferior alveolar nerve block: alternative technique. Anesth Essays Res 2012; 6: 53-7.   DOI
20 Malamed SF. The Gow-Gates mandibular block. Evaluation after 4,275 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1981; 5: 463-7.   DOI
21 Levy TP. An assessment of the Gow-Gates mandibular block for third molar surgery. J Am Dent Assoc 1981; 103: 37-41.   DOI
22 Jofre J, Munzenmayer C. Design and preliminary evaluation of an extra oral Gow-Gates guiding device. Oral Surg oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1998; 85: 661.   DOI
23 Vazirani SJ. Closed mouth mandibular nerve block: a new technique. Dent Dig 1960; 66: 10-3.
24 Akinosi JO. A new approach to the mandibular nerve block. Br J Oral Surg 1977; 15: 83-7.   DOI
25 Dover WS. The mandibular block injections it sometimes fails. J Dent Assoc South Afr 1971; 26: 373-7.
26 Chakranarayan A, Mukherjee B. Arched needle technique for inferior alveolar mandibular nerve block. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2013; 12: 113-6.   DOI
27 Parsons-Smith G, Roberts JM. Facial paralysis after local dental anaesthesia. Br Med J 1970; 4: 745-6.   DOI
28 Malamed SF. Techniques of mandibular anesthesia. In: Handbook of Local Anesthesia. 4th ed. Noida, India, Harcourt Brace. 1997, pp 193-219.
29 Johnson TM, Badovinac R, Shaefer J. Teaching alternatives to the standard inferior alveolar nerve block in dental education: outcomes in clinical practice. J Dental Educ 2007; 71: 1145-52.   DOI
30 Palti DG, Almeida CM, Rodrigues Ade C, Andreo JC, Lima JE. Anesthetic technique for inferior alveolar nerve block: a new approach. J Appl Oral Sci 2011; 19(1): 11-5.   DOI
31 Roda RS Blanton PL. The anatomy of local anesthesia. Quintessence Int 1994; 25: 27-38.
32 Haas DA. Alternative mandibular nerve block techniques: a review of the Gow-Gates and Akinosi-Vazirani closedmouth mandibular nerve block techniques. J Am Dent Assoc 2011; 142(Suppl 3): 8S-12S.   DOI
33 Murphy TR, Grundy EM. The inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle at the mandibular foramen. Dent Pract Dent Rec 1969; 20: 41-8.
34 Khoury J, Mihailidis S, Ghabriel M, Townsend G. Anatomical relationships within the human pterygomandibular space: Relevance to local anesthesia. Clin Anat 2010; 23: 936-44.   DOI
35 Barker BC, Davies PL. The applied anatomy of the pterygomandibular space. Br J Oral Surg 1972; 10: 43-55.   DOI
36 Sicher H, DuBrul E. Oral Anatomy. 6th ed. St. Louis, MO, C.V. Mosby Company. 1975.
37 Ashkenazi M, Sher I, Rackoz M, Schwartz-Arad D. Mandibular block success rate in relation to needle insertion and position: a self-report survey. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2014; 15: 121-6.   DOI
38 Thangavelu K, Kannan R, Kumar NS, Rethish E, Sabitha S, Sayeeganesh N. Significance of localization of mandibular foramen in an inferior alveolar nerve block. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2012; 3: 156-60.   DOI
39 Fujimura K, Segami N, Kobayashi S. Anatomical study of the complications of intraoral vertico-sagittal ramus osteotomy. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2006; 64: 384-9.   DOI
40 Hayward J, Richardson ER, Malhotra SK. The mandibular foramen: its anteroposterior position. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1977; 44: 837-43.   DOI
41 Khoury JN, Mihailidis S, Ghabriel M, Townsend G. Applied anatomy of the pterygomandibular space: improving the success of inferior alveolar nerve blocks. Aust Dent J 2011; 56: 112-21.   DOI
42 Hetson G, Share J, Frommer J, Kronman JH. Statistical evaluation of the position of the mandibular foramen. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1988; 65: 32-4.   DOI
43 Ashkenazi M, Taubman L, Gavish A. Age-associated changes of the mandibular foramen position in anteroposterior dimension and of the mandibular angle in dry human mandibles. Anat Rec 2011; 294: 1319-25.   DOI
44 da Fontoura RA, Vasconcellos HA, Campos AE. Morphologic basis for the intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy: anatomic and radiographic localization of the mandibular foramen. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2002; 60: 660-5.   DOI
45 Takasugi Y, Furuya H, Moriya K, Okamoto Y. Clinical evaluation of inferior alveolar nerve block by injection into the pterygomandibular space anterior to the mandibular foramen. Anesth Prog 2000; 47: 125-9.
46 Berns JM, Sadove MS. Mandibular block injection: a method of study using an injected radiopaque material. J Am Dent Assoc 1962; 65: 735-45.   DOI
47 Garg A, Townsend G. Anatomical variation of the sphenomandibular ligament. Aust Endod J 2001; 27: 22-4.   DOI
48 Shiozaki H, Abe S, Tsumori N, Shiozaki K, Kaneko Y, Ichinohe T. Macroscopic anatomy of the sphenomandibular ligament related to the inferior alveolar nerve block. Cranio 2007; 25: 160-5.   DOI
49 Khalil H. A basic review on the inferior alveolar nerve block techniques. Anesth Essays Res 2014; 8: 3-8.   DOI
50 Thotakura B, Rajendran SS, Gnanasundaram V, Subramaniam A. Variations in the posterior division branches of the mandibular nerve in human cadavers. Singapore Med J 2013; 54: 149-51.   DOI
51 Siessere S, Hallak Regalo SC, Semprini M, Honorato De Oliveira R, Vitti M, Mizusaki Iyomasa M, et al. Anatomical variations of the mandibular nerve and its branches correlated to clinical situations. Minerva Stomatol 2009; 58: 209-15.
52 Kim SY, Hu KS, Chung IH, Lee EW, Kim HJ. Topographic anatomy of the lingual nerve and variations in communication pattern of the mandibular nerve branches. Surg Radiol Anat 2004; 26: 128-35.   DOI
53 DeSantis JL, Liebow C. Four common mandibular nerve anomalies that lead to local anesthesia failures. J Am Dent Assoc 1996; 127: 1081-6.   DOI
54 Madeira MC, Percinoto C, das Gracas M, Silva M. Clinical significance of supplementary innervation of the ower incisor teeth: a dissection study of the mylohyoid nerve. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1978; 46: 608-14.   DOI
55 Stein P, Brueckner J, Milliner M. Sensory innervation of mandibular teeth by the nerve to the mylohyoid: implications in local anesthesia. Clin Anat 2007; 20: 591-5.   DOI
56 Arensburg B, Nathan H. Anatomical observations on the mylohyoid groove, and the course of the mylohyoid nerve and vessels. J Oral Surg 1979; 37: 93-6.
57 Jidoi K, Nara T, Dodo Y. Bony bridging of the mylohyoid groove of the human mandible. Anthropol Sci 2000; 108: 345-70.   DOI
58 Ossenberg NS. Retromolar foramen of the human mandible. Am J Phys Anthropol 1987; 73: 119-28.   DOI
59 Tong DC. The great auricular nerve: a case report and review of anatomy. N Z Dent J 2000; 96: 57.
60 Malamed SF. Techniques of mandibular anesthesia. In: Handbook of Local Anesthesia. 5th ed. St. Louis, Mosby; 2004: 227-37.
61 Lew K, Townsend G. Failure to obtain adequate anaesthesia associated with a bifid mandibular canal: a case report. Aust Dent J 2006; 51: 86-90.   DOI
62 Sanchis J, Penarrocha M, Soler F. Bifid mandibular canal. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2003; 61: 422-4.   DOI
63 Langlais RP, Broadus R, Glass BJ. Bifid mandibular canals in panoramic radiographs. J Am Dent Assoc 1985; 110: 923-6.   DOI
64 Kaufman E, Weinstein P, Milgrom P. Difficulties in achieving local anesthesia. J Am Dent Assoc 1984; 108: 205-8.   DOI
65 You TM, Kim KD, Huh J, Woo EJ, Park W. The influence of mandibular skeletal characteristics on inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia. J Dent Anesth Pain Med 2015; 15: 113-9.   DOI
66 Madan GA, Madan SG, Madan AD. Failure of inferior alveolar nerve block: exploring the alternatives. J Am Dent Assoc 2002; 133: 843-6.   DOI
67 DuBrul EL. Anatomy of mandibular anesthesia. In: DuBrul EL, Sicher H, eds. Sicher and Dubrul's Oral Anatomy. 8th ed. St. Louis, Ishiyaku EuroAmerica. 1996, pp 273-80.
68 Shields PW. Further observations on mandibular anaesthesia. Aust Dent J 1977; 22: 334-7.   DOI
69 Keros J, Kobler P, Baucic I, Cabov T. Foramen mandibulae as an indicator of successful conduction anesthesia. Coll Antropol 2001; 25: 327-31.
70 Meechan JG. How to overcome failed anaesthesia. Br Dent J 1999; 186: 15-20.   DOI
71 Saatchi M, Shafiee M, Khademi A, Memarzadeh B. Anesthetic efficacy of Gow-Gates nerve block, inferior alveolar nerve block, and their combination in mandibular molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: a prospective, randomized clinical trial. J Endod 2018; 44: 384-8.   DOI
72 Nusstein J, Reader A, Nist R, Beck M, Meyers WJ. Anesthetic efficacy of the supplemental intraosseous injection of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine in irreversible pulpitis. J Endod 1998; 24: 487-91.   DOI
73 Saatchi M, Khademi A, Baghaei B, Noormohammadi H. Effect of sodium bicarbonate-buffered lidocaine on the success of inferior alveolar nerve block for teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: a prospective, randomized double-blind study. J Endod 2015; 41: 33-5.   DOI
74 Hargreaves KM, Keiser K. Local anesthetic failure in endodontics. Endod Topics 2002; 1: 26-39.   DOI
75 Tortamano IP, Siviero M, Costa CG, Buscariolo IA, Armonia PL. A comparison of the anesthetic efficacy of articaine and lidocaine in patients with irreversible pulpitis. J Endod 2009; 35: 165-8.   DOI
76 Chaudhary P, Martenson ME, Baumann TK. Vanilloid receptor expression and capsaicin excitation of rat dental primary afferent neurons. J Dent Res 2001; 80: 1518-23.   DOI
77 Goodis HE, Poon A, Hargreaves KM. Tissue pH and temperature regulate pulpal nociceptors. J Dent Res 2006; 85: 1046-9.   DOI
78 Stenholm E, Bongenhielm U, Ahlquist M, Fried K. VRland VRL-l-like immunoreactivity in normal and injured trigeminal dental primary sensory neurons of the rat. Acta Odontol Scand 2002; 60: 72-9.   DOI
79 Kanaa MD, Whitworth JM, Meechan JG. A prospective randomized trial of different supplementary local anesthetic techniques after failure of inferior alveolar nerve block in patients with irreversible pulpitis in mandibular teeth. J Endod. 2012; 38: 421-5.   DOI
80 Simpson M, Drum M, Nusstein J, Reader A, Beck M. Effect of combination of preoperative ibuprofen/ acetaminophen on the success of the inferior alveolar nerve block in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. J Endod 2011; 37: 593-7.   DOI
81 Haase A, Reader A, Nusstein J, Beck M, Drum M. Comparing anesthetic efficacy of articaine versus lidocaine as a supplemental buccal infiltration of the mandibular first molar after an inferior alveolar nerve block. J Am Dent Assoc 2008; 139: 1228-35.   DOI
82 Malamed SF. Supplemental injection techniques. In: Handbook of Local Anesthesia. 4th ed. Noida, India, Harcourt Brace. 1997, pp 220-31.