Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5395/rde.2018.43.e42

C-shaped root canals of mandibular second molars in a Korean population: a CBCT analysis  

Kim, Hee-Sun (Department of Dentistry, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center (SMG-SNU BMC))
Jung, Daun (Department of Dentistry, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center (SMG-SNU BMC))
Lee, Ho (Department of Dentistry, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center (SMG-SNU BMC))
Han, Yoon-Sic (Department of Dentistry, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center (SMG-SNU BMC))
Oh, Sohee (Department of Biostatics, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center (SMG-SNU BMC))
Sim, Hye-Young (Department of Dentistry, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center (SMG-SNU BMC))
Publication Information
Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics / v.43, no.4, 2018 , pp. 42.1-42.7 More about this Journal
Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the C-shaped root canal anatomy of mandibular second molars in a Korean population. Materials and Methods: A total of 542 teeth were evaluated using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The canal shapes were classified according to a modified version of Melton's method at the level where the pulp chamber floor became discernible. Results: Of the 542 mandibular second molars, 215 (39.8%) had C-shaped canals, 330 (53%) had 3 canals, 17 (3.3%) had 2 canals, 12 (2.2%) had 4 canals, and 8 (1.7%) had 1 canal. The prevalence of C-shaped canals was 47.8% in females and 28.4% in males. Seventy-seven percent of the C-shaped canals showed a bilateral appearance. The prevalence of C-shaped canals showed no difference according to age or tooth position. Most teeth with a C-shaped canal system presented Melton's type II (45.6%) and type III (32.1%) configurations. Conclusions: There was a high prevalence of C-shaped canals in the mandibular second molars of the Korean population studied. CBCT is expected to be useful for endodontic diagnosis and treatment planning of mandibular second molars.
Keywords
C-shaped canal; Mandibular second molar; Korean; CBCT;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Cooke HG 3rd, Cox FL. C-shaped canal configurations in mandibular molars. J Am Dent Assoc 1979;99:836-839.   DOI
2 Fan B, Cheung GS, Fan M, Gutmann JL, Bian Z. C-shaped canal system in mandibular second molars: part I--anatomical features. J Endod 2004;30:899-903.   DOI
3 Melton DC, Krell KV, Fuller MW. Anatomical and histological features of C-shaped canals in mandibular second molars. J Endod 1991;17:384-388.   DOI
4 Weine FS. The C-shaped mandibular second molar: incidence and other considerations. J Endod 1998;24:372-375.   DOI
5 Zheng Q, Zhang L, Zhou X, Wang Q, Wang Y, Tang L, Song F, Huang D. C-shaped root canal system in mandibular second molars in a Chinese population evaluated by cone-beam computed tomography. Int Endod J 2011;44:857-862.   DOI
6 Zhang R, Wang H, Tian YY, Yu X, Hu T, Dummer PM. Use of cone-beam computed tomography to evaluate root and canal morphology of mandibular molars in Chinese individuals. Int Endod J 2011;44:990-999.   DOI
7 Seo DG, Gu Y, Yi YA, Lee SJ, Jeong JS, Lee Y, Chang SW, Lee JK, Park W, Kim KD, Kum KY. A biometric study of C-shaped root canal systems in mandibular second molars using cone-beam computed tomography. Int Endod J 2012;45:807-814.   DOI
8 Walid N. The use of two pluggers for the obturation of an uncommon C-shaped canal. J Endod 2000;26:422-424.   DOI
9 Ladeira DB, Cruz AD, Freitas DQ, Almeida SM. Prevalence of C-shaped root canal in a Brazilian subpopulation: a cone-beam computed tomography analysis. Braz Oral Res 2014;28:39-45.   DOI
10 Liewehr FR, Kulild JC, Primack PD. Obturation of a C-shaped canal using an improved method of warm lateral condensation. J Endod 1993;19:474-477.   DOI
11 Jafarzadeh H, Wu YN. The C-shaped root canal configuration: a review. J Endod 2007;33:517-523.   DOI
12 Helvacioglu-Yigit D, Sinanoglu A. Use of cone-beam computed tomography to evaluate C-shaped root canal systems in mandibular second molars in a Turkish subpopulation: a retrospective study. Int Endod J 2013;46:1032-1038.
13 Fan B, Min Y, Lu G, Yang J, Cheung GS, Gutmann JL. Negotiation of C-shaped canal systems in mandibular second molars. J Endod 2009;35:1003-1008.   DOI
14 Haddad GY, Nehme WB, Ounsi HF. Diagnosis, classification, and frequency of C-shaped canals in mandibular second molars in the Lebanese population. J Endod 1999;25:268-271.   DOI
15 Cimilli H, Cimilli T, Mumcu G, Kartal N, Wesselink P. Spiral computed tomographic demonstration of C-shaped canals in mandibular second molars. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2005;34:164-167.   DOI
16 Gulabivala K, Opasanon A, Ng YL, Alavi A. Root and canal morphology of Thai mandibular molars. Int Endod J 2002;35:56-62.   DOI
17 Al-Fouzan KS. C-shaped root canals in mandibular second molars in a Saudi Arabian population. Int Endod J 2002;35:499-504.   DOI
18 Seo MS, Park DS. C-shaped root canals of mandibular second molars in a Korean population: clinical observation and in vitro analysis. Int Endod J 2004;37:139-144.   DOI
19 Lu TY, Yang SF, Pai SF. Complicated root canal morphology of mandibular first premolar in a Chinese population using the cross section method. J Endod 2006;32:932-936.   DOI
20 Jin GC, Lee SJ, Roh BD. Anatomical study of C-shaped canals in mandibular second molars by analysis of computed tomography. J Endod 2006;32:10-13.   DOI
21 Peiris HR, Pitakotuwage TN, Takahashi M, Sasaki K, Kanazawa E. Root canal morphology of mandibular permanent molars at different ages. Int Endod J 2008;41:828-835.   DOI
22 Neelakantan P, Subbarao C, Subbarao CV, Ravindranath M. Root and canal morphology of mandibular second molars in an Indian population. J Endod 2010;36:1319-1322.   DOI
23 Karanxha L, Kim HJ, Hong SO, Lee W, Kim PS, Min KS. Endodontic management of a C-shaped maxillary first molar with three independent buccal root canals by using cone-beam computed tomography. Restor Dent Endod 2012;37:175-179.   DOI
24 Gulabivala K, Aung TH, Alavi A, Ng YL. Root and canal morphology of Burmese mandibular molars. Int Endod J 2001;34:359-370.   DOI
25 Kim SY, Kim BS, Kim Y. Mandibular second molar root canal morphology and variants in a Korean subpopulation. Int Endod J 2016;49:136-144.   DOI
26 Wang Y, Guo J, Yang HB, Han X, Yu Y. Incidence of C-shaped root canal systems in mandibular second molars in the native Chinese population by analysis of clinical methods. Int J Oral Sci 2012;4:161-165.   DOI
27 Nie YK, Bakar WZ, Alam MK. The occurrence of C-shaped root canal in Malaysian population. Bangladesh J Med Sci 2013;12:286-290.   DOI
28 Plotino G, Tocci L, Grande NM, Testarelli L, Messineo D, Ciotti M, Glassman G, D'ambrosio F, Gambarini G. Symmetry of root and root canal morphology of maxillary and mandibular molars in a white population: a cone-beam computed tomography study in vivo. J Endod 2013;39:1545-1548.   DOI
29 Chhabra S, Yadav S, Talwar S. Analysis of C-shaped canal system in mandibular second molars using surgical operating microscope and cone beam computed tomography: a clinical approach. J Conserv Dent 2014;17:238-243.   DOI
30 Amoroso-Silva PA, Ordinola-Zapata R, Duarte MA, Gutmann JL, del Carpio-Perochena A, Bramante CM, de Moraes IG. Micro-computed tomographic analysis of mandibular second molars with C-shaped root canals. J Endod 2015;41:890-895.   DOI