Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.4047/jap.2014.6.2.138

Physico-mechanical properties and prosthodontic applications of Co-Cr dental alloys: a review of the literature  

Al Jabbari, Youssef S. (Dental Biomaterials Research and Development Chair)
Publication Information
The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics / v.6, no.2, 2014 , pp. 138-145 More about this Journal
Abstract
Cobalt-Chromium (Co-Cr) alloys are classified as predominantly base-metal alloys and are widely known for their biomedical applications in the orthopedic and dental fields. In dentistry, Co-Cr alloys are commonly used for the fabrication of metallic frameworks of removable partial dentures and recently have been used as metallic substructures for the fabrication of porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations and implant frameworks. The increased worldwide interest in utilizing Co-Cr alloys for dental applications is related to their low cost and adequate physico-mechanical properties. Additionally, among base-metal alloys, Co-Cr alloys are used more frequently in many countries to replace Nickel-Chromium (Ni-Cr) alloys. This is mainly due to the increased concern regarding the toxic effects of Ni on the human body when alloys containing Ni are exposed to the oral cavity. This review article describes dental applications, metallurgical characterization, and physico-mechanical properties of Co-Cr alloys and also addresses their clinical and laboratory behavior in relation to those properties.
Keywords
Co-Cr alloys; Base metal alloys; Physical properties; Mechanical properties; Metallurgical characterization;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Crook P. Corrosion of cobalt based alloys. In Davis J, eds. Corrosion. Materials Park OH. ASM International, 1987, p.657-700.
2 Evans EJ, Thomas IT. The in vitro toxicity of cobalt-chromemolybdenum alloy and its constituent metals. Biomaterials 1986;7:25-9.   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Craig RG, Hanks CT. Reaction of fibroblasts to various dental casting alloys. J Oral Pathol 1988;17:341-7.   DOI
4 Viennot S, Dalard F, Lissac M, Grosgogeat B. Corrosion resistance of cobalt-chromium and palladium-silver alloys used in fixed prosthetic restorations. Eur J Oral Sci 2005;113:90-5.   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Mueller H. Tarnish and corrosion of dental alloys. In Davis J, eds. Corrosion. Materials Park OH. ASM International, 1987,p. 1351-2.
6 Marti A. Cobalt-base alloys used in bone surgery. Injury 2000;31:18-21.   DOI   ScienceOn
7 ANSI/ADA Specification No. 38. Classification system for cast alloys. Council on Dental Materials, Instruments, and Equipment. J Am Dent Assoc 1984;109:766.   DOI
8 ISO 6871-1. Dental base metal alloys. Part 1: Cobalt-based alloys. International Organization for Standardization. 1st ed. Geneva; 1994.
9 Asgar K, Peyton FA. Effect of microstructure on the physical properties of cobalt-base alloys. J Dent Res 1961;40:63-72.   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Hero H, Syverud M, Gjönnes J, Horst JA. Ductility and structure of some cobalt-base dental casting alloys. Biomaterials 1984;5:201-8.   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Asgar K, Allan FC. Microstructure and physical properties of alloys for partial denture castings. J Dent Res 1968;47:189-97.   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Anusavice KJ, Phillips RW. Phillips' science of dental materials. Philadelphia; WB Saunders; 1996. p. 423-59.
13 van Noort R, Lamb DJ. A scanning electron microscope study of Co-Cr partial dentures fractured in service. J Dent 1984;12:122-6.   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Geis-Gerstorfer J, Sauer KH, Passler K. Ion release from Ni- Cr-Mo and Co-Cr-Mo casting alloys. Int J Prosthodont 1991;4:152-8.
15 Geis-Gerstorfer J, Weber H. In vitro corrosion behavior of four Ni-Cr dental alloys in lactic acid and sodium chloride solutions. Dent Mater 1987;3:289-95.   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Okazaki Y, Gotoh E. Comparison of metal release from various metallic biomaterials in vitro. Biomaterials 2005;26:11-21.   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Montero-Ocampo C, Rodriguez AS. Effect of carbon content on the resistance to localized corrosion of as-cast cobalt- based alloys in an aqueous chloride solution. J Biomed Mater Res 1995;29:441-53.   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Yeung AL, Lo EC, Chow TW, Clark RK. Oral health status of patients 5-6 years after placement of cobalt-chromium removable partial dentures. J Oral Rehabil 2000;27:183-9.   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Bergman B, Ericson G. Cross-sectional study of the periodontal status of removable partial denture patients. J Prosthet Dent 1989;61:208-11.   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Chandler JA, Brudvik JS. Clinical evaluation of patients eight to nine years after placement of removable partial dentures. J Prosthet Dent 1984;51:736-43.   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Budtz-Jorgensen E, Isidor F. A 5-year longitudinal study of cantilevered fixed partial dentures compared with removable partial dentures in a geriatric population. J Prosthet Dent 1990;64:42-7.   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Yannikakis SA, Zissis AJ, Polyzois GL. Removable partial denture repairs: A survey. Quintessence Dent Technol 2000; 23:184-90.
23 Korber E, Lehmann K, Pangidis C. Control studies on periodontal and periodontal-gingival retention of partial prosthesis. Dtsch Zahnarztl Z 1975;30:77-84.
24 Vermeulen AH, Keltjens HM, van't Hof MA, Kayser AF. Ten-year evaluation of removable partial dentures: survival rates based on retreatment, not wearing and replacement. J Prosthet Dent 1996;76:267-72.   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Bates JF. Studies related to the fracture of partial dentures; Flexural fatigue of a cobalt-chromium alloy. Br Dent J 1965; 118:532-7.
26 Bates JF. Studies related to the fracture of partial dentures. The functional strain in cobalt-chromium dentures. A preliminary report. Br Dent J 1966;120:79-83.
27 Elarbi EA, Ismail YH, Azarbal M, Saini TS. Radiographic detection of porosities in removable partial denture castings. J Prosthet Dent 1985;54:674-7.   DOI   ScienceOn
28 Dharmar S, Rathnasamy RJ, Swaminathan TN. Radiographic and metallographic evaluation of porosity defects and grain structure of cast chromium cobalt removable partial dentures. J Prosthet Dent 1993;69:369-73.   DOI   ScienceOn
29 Lewis AJ. Radiographic evaluation of porosities in removable partial denture castings. J Prosthet Dent 1978;39:278-81.   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Lewis AJ. Failure of removable partial denture castings during service. J Prosthet Dent 1978;39:147-9.   DOI   ScienceOn
31 Lewis AJ. Microporosity in casting alloys. Aust Dent J 1975; 20:161-6.   DOI   ScienceOn
32 Wictorin L, Julin P, Möllersten L. Roentgenological detection of casting defects in cobalt-chromium alloy frameworks. J Oral Rehabil 1979;6:137-46.   DOI
33 Eisenburger M, Addy M. Radiological examination of dental castings - a review of the method and comparisons of the equipment. J Oral Rehabil 2002;29:609-14.   DOI   ScienceOn
34 Jang KS, Youn SJ, Kim YS. Comparison of castability and surface roughness of commercially pure titanium and cobaltchromium denture frameworks. J Prosthet Dent 2001;86:93-8.   DOI   ScienceOn
35 Morris H, Farah JW, Craig RG, Hood JA. Stress distribution within circumferential clasp arms. J Oral Rehabil 1976;3:387-94   DOI
36 Bridgeman JT, Marker VA, Hummel SK, Benson BW, Pace LL. Comparison of titanium and cobalt-chromium removable partial denture clasps. J Prosthet Dent 1997;78:187-93.   DOI   ScienceOn
37 Angelini E, Bonino P, Pezzoli M, Zucchi F. Tensile strength of Cr-Co dental alloys solder joints. Dent Mater 1989;5:13-7.   DOI   ScienceOn
38 Louly AC, Mora AF, Moore BK, Andres CJ, Goodacre CJ. Tensile strength of preceramic solder joints formed using an infrared heat source. Int J Prosthodont 1991;4:425-31.
39 Luthy H, Marinello CP, Reclaru L, Scharer P. Corrosion considerations in the brazing repair of cobalt-based partial dentures. J Prosthet Dent 1996;75:515-24.   DOI   ScienceOn
40 Bertrand C, Le Petitcorps Y, Albingre L, Dupuis V. The laser welding technique applied to the non precious dental alloys procedure and results. Br Dent J 2001;190:255-7.
41 Bertrand C, Poulon-Quintin A. Proposals for optimization of laser welding in prosthetic dentistry. J Prosthodont 2010;19:69-76.   DOI   ScienceOn
42 Wataha JC. Alloys for prosthodontic restorations. J Prosthet Dent 2002;87:351-63.   DOI   ScienceOn
43 van Noort R. The future of dental devices is digital. Dent Mater 2012;28:3-12.   DOI   ScienceOn
44 Lassila LV, Vallittu PK. Effect of water and artificial saliva on the low cycle fatigue resistance of cobalt-chromium dental alloy. J Prosthet Dent 1998;80:708-13.   DOI   ScienceOn
45 Schwalm CA, Smith DE, Erickson JD. A clinical study of patients 1 to 2 years after placement of removable partial dentures. J Prosthet Dent 1977;38:380-91.   DOI   ScienceOn
46 Au AR, Lechner SK, Thomas CJ, Mori T, Chung P. Titanium for removable partial dentures (III): 2-year clinical follow-up in an undergraduate programme. J Oral Rehabil 2000;27:979-85.   DOI   ScienceOn
47 Pattee HE. High temperature brazing, in Schwartz MM eds. Source book on brazing and brazing technology. Materials Park OH. ASM International, 1980, p. 17-63.