Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.4047/jkap.2009.47.3.257

The effect of fluoridation on discoloring of bleached teeth  

Jang, Hyang-Ah (Department of Esthetic Restorative Dentistry, Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Korea University)
Suh, Kyu-Won (Department of Esthetic Restorative Dentistry, Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Korea University)
Ryu, Jae-Jun (Department of Esthetic Restorative Dentistry, Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Korea University)
Publication Information
The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics / v.47, no.3, 2009 , pp. 257-265 More about this Journal
Abstract
Statement of problem & Purpose: To study the effect of different fluoridation methods after in-office bleaching on the color of teeth during severe staining with coffee. Material and methods: 44 specimens were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 (no bleaching, no fluoride, coffee) was served as control for the influence of coffee on the color of untreated teeth. Group 2, 3 and 4 were undergone bleaching with 35% $H_2O_2$ for 30 minutes a day on 3 consecutive days. Group 2 was remained without fluoridation. Group 3 and 4 were fluoridated for 1 hour with either Cavity shield$^{(R)}$ or pH 7 Gel$^{(R)}$. All of groups were immersed in coffee solution for 7 days. Color determination was accomplished using the spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade$^{(R)}$). Results: ${\Delta}L$ and ${\Delta}h$ increased, whereas ${\Delta}C$ decreased in the bleached groups. Pairwise comparisons with Tukey's HSD showed that there were statistically significant differences for ${\Delta}L$ and ${\Delta}h$ between the bleached groups and the non-bleached group (P < .05). ${\Delta}L$ and ${\Delta}h$ decreased continuously, while ${\Delta}C$ showed an increase after a decrease in all of groups during immersion in coffee solution. After immersion in coffee solution for 7 days there were no statistically significant differences for ${\Delta}L$, ${\Delta}C$ and ${\Delta}h$ between the groups (P > .05). Also there were no statistically significant differences for ${\Delta}L$, ${\Delta}C$ and ${\Delta}h$ between the group 3 treated with Cavity shield. and the group 4 treated with pH 7 Gel. (P > .05). Conclusion: It was concluded that fluoridation was not beneficial to the prevention of extrinsic stains after bleaching.
Keywords
bleaching; fluoridation; discoloring; spectrophotometer;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Leonard RH Jr, Smith LR, Garland GE, Tiwana KK, Zaidel LA, Pugh G Jr, Lin NC. Evaluation of side effects and patients’perceptions during tooth bleaching. J Esthet Restor Dent 2007;19:355-64   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Zantner C, Beheim-Schwarzbach N, Neumann K, Kielbassa AM. Surface microhardness of enamel after different home bleaching procedures. Dent Mater 2007;23:243-50   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Lopes GC, Bonissoni L, Baratieri LN, Vieira LC, Monteiro S Jr. Effect of bleaching agents on the hardness and morphology of enamel. J Esthet Restor Dent 2002;14:24-30   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Hairul Nizam BR, Lim CT, Chng HK, Yap AU. Nanoindentation study of human premolars subjected to bleaching agent. J Biomech 2005;38:2204-11   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Browning WD, Blalock JS, Frazier KB, Downey MC, Myers ML. Duration and timing of sensitivity related to bleaching. J Esthet Restor Dent 2007;19:256-64   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Ghavamnasiri M, Bidar M, Rad AH, Namazikhah MS. The effect of 16 percent carbamide peroxide on enamel staining susceptibility. J Calif Dent Assoc 2006;34:873-6   PUBMED   ScienceOn
7 Lewinstein I, Fuhrer N, Churaru N, Cardash H. Effect of different peroxide bleaching regimens and subsequent fluoridation on the hardness of human enamel and dentin. J Prosthet Dent 2004;92:337-42   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Buchalla W, Attin T, Schulte-Mo¨nting J, Hellwig E. Fluoride uptake, retention, and remineralization efficacy of a highly concentrated fluoride solution on enamel lesions in situ. J Dent Res 2002;81:329-33   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Sulieman M, MacDonald E, Rees JS, Newcombe RG, Addy M. Tooth bleaching by different concentrations of carbamide peroxide and hydrogen peroxide whitening strips: an in vitro study. J Esthet Restor Dent 2006;18:93-100   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
10 Chng HK, Ramli HN, Yap AU, Lim CT. Effect of hydrogen peroxide on intertubular dentine. J Dent 2005;33:363-9   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Basting RT, Rodrigues AL Jr, Serra MC. The effects of seven carbamide peroxide bleaching agents on enamel microhardness over time. J Am Dent Assoc 2003;134:1335-1342   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
12 Bistey T, Nagy IP, Sim$\acute{o}$A, Hegedus C. In vitro FT-IR study of the effects of hydrogen peroxide on superficial tooth enamel. J Dent 2007;35:325-30   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Fasanaro TS. Bleaching teeth: history, chemicals, and methods used for common tooth discolorations. J Esthet Dent 1992;4:71-8   DOI   PUBMED
14 Haywood VB. History, safety, and effectiveness of current bleaching techniques and applications of the nightguard vital bleaching technique. Quintessence Int 1992;23:471-88   PUBMED   ScienceOn
15 Braun A, Jepsen S, Krause F. Spectrophotometric and visual evaluation of vital tooth bleaching employing different carbamide peroxide concentrations. Dent Mater 2007;23:165-9   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Bizhang M, Seemann R, Duve G, R$\ddot{o}$mhild G, Altenburger JM, Jahn KR, Zimmer S. Demineralization effects of 2 bleaching procedures on enamel surfaces with and without post-treatment fluoride application. Oper Dent 2006;31:705-9   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Tavares M, Stultz J, Newman M, Smith V, Kent R, Carpino E, Goodson JM. Light augments tooth whitening with peroxide. J Am Dent Assoc 2003;134:167-75   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
18 Attin T, Kielbassa AM, Schwanenberg M, Hellwig E. Effect of fluoride treatment on remineralization of bleached enamel. J Oral Rehabil 1997;24:282-6   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Tredwin CJ, Naik S, Lewis NJ, Scully C. Hydrogen peroxide tooth-whitening (bleaching) products: review of adverse effects and safety issues. Br Dent J 2006;200:371-6   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Schiavoni RJ, Turssi CP, Rodrigues AL Jr, Serra MC, Pe cora JD, Fr$\ddot{o}$ ner IC. Effect of bleaching agents on enamel permeability. Am J Dent 2006;19:313-6   PUBMED   ScienceOn
21 Haywood VB, Heymann HO. Nightguard vital bleaching. Quintessence Int 1989;20:173-6   PUBMED   ScienceOn
22 Luk K, Tam L, Hubert M. Effect of light energy on peroxide tooth bleaching. J Am Dent Assoc 2004;135:194-201   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
23 Leonard RH Jr, Smith LR, Garland GE, Caplan DJ. Desensitizing agent efficacy during whitening in an at-risk population. J Esthet Restor Dent 2004;16:49-55   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Arm$\hat{e}$nio RV, Fitarelli F, Arm$\hat{e}$nio MF, Demarco FF, Reis A, Loguercio AD. The effect of fluoride gel use on bleaching sensitivity: a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. J Am Dent Assoc 2008;139:592-7   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
25 Hassel AJ, Grossmann AC, Schmitter M, Balke Z, Buzello AM. Interexaminer reliability in clinical measurement of $L^{\ast}C^{\ast}h^{\ast}$ values of anterior teeth using a spectrophotometer. Int J Prosthodont 2007;20:79-84   PUBMED   ScienceOn
26 Cavalli V, Arrais CA, Giannini M, Ambrosano GM. Highconcentrated carbamide peroxide bleaching agents effects on enamel surface. J Oral Rehabil 2004;31:155-9   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
27 Buchalla W, Attin T. External bleaching therapy with activation by heat, light or laser--a systematic review. Dent Mater 2007;23:586-96   DOI   ScienceOn
28 Efeoglu N, Wood DJ, Efeoglu C. Thirty-five percent carbamide peroxide application causes in vitro demineralization of enamel. Dent Mater 2007;23:900-4   DOI   ScienceOn
29 Spasser HF. The walking bleach: 35 years later. Dent Today 1996;15:114-7   PUBMED   ScienceOn
30 Dostalova T, Jelinkova H, Housova D, Sulc J, Nemec M, Miyagi M, Brugnera Junior A, Zanin F. Diode laser-activated bleaching. Braz Dent J 2004;15 Spec No:SI3-8   DOI   PUBMED
31 Pinto CF, Oliveira R, Cavalli V, Giannini M. Peroxide bleaching agent effects on enamel surface microhardness, roughness and morphology. Braz Oral Res 2004;18:306-11   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn