Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.4047/jkap.2009.47.1.39

Precalcification Treatment of $TiO_2$ Nanotube on Ti-6Al-4V Alloy  

Kim, Si-Jung (Department of Dental Prosthodontics, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University)
Park, Ji-Man (Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University)
Bae, Tae-Sung (Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University)
Park, Eun-Jin (Department of Dental Prosthodontics, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University)
Publication Information
The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics / v.47, no.1, 2009 , pp. 39-45 More about this Journal
Abstract
Statement of problem: Recently precalcification treatment has been studied to shorten the period of the implant. Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the effect of precalcification treatment of $TiO_2$ Nanotube formed on Ti-6Al-4V Alloy. Material and methods: Specimens of $20{\times}10{\times}2\;mm$ in dimensions were polished sequentially from #220 to #1000 SiC paper, ultrasonically washed with acetone and distilled water for 5 min, and dried in an oven at $50^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. The nanotubular layer was processed by electrochemical anodic oxidation in electrolytes containing 0.5 M $Na_2SO_4$ and 1.0 wt% NaF. Anodization was carried out using a regulated DC power supply (Kwangduck FA, Korea) at a potential of 20 V and current density of $30\;㎃/cm_2$ for 2 hours. Specimens were heat-treated at $600^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours to crystallize the amorphous $TiO_2$ nanotubes, and precalcified by soaking in $Na_2HPO_4$ solution for 24 hours and then in saturated $Ca(OH)_2$ solution for 5 hours. To evaluate the bioactivity of the precalcified $TiO_2$ nanotube layer, hydroxyapatite formation was investigated in a Hanks' balanced salts solution with pH 7.4 at $36.5^{\circ}C$ for 2 weeks. Results: Vertically oriented amorphous $TiO_2$ nanotubes of diameters 48.0 - 65.0 ㎚ were fabricated by anodizing treatment at 20 V for 2 hours in an 0.5 M $Na_2SO_4$ and 1.0 NaF solution. $TiO_2$ nanotubes were composed with strong anatase peak with presence of rutile peak after heat treatment at $600^{\circ}C$. The surface reactivity of $TiO_2$ nanotubes in SBF solution was enhanced by precalcification treatment in 0.5 M $Na_2HPO_4$ solution for 24 hours and then in saturated $Ca(OH)_2$ solution for 5 hours. The immersion in Hank's solution for 2 weeks showed that the intensity of $TiO_2$ rutile peak increased but the surface reactivity decreased by heat treatment at $600^{\circ}C$. Conclusion: This study shows that the precalcified treatment of $TiO_2$ Nanotube formed on Ti-6Al-4V Alloy enhances the surface reactivity.
Keywords
Implant surface; Anodization; Nanotube; Heat treatment; Precalcification; Surface activity;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Kokubo T, Mijaji F, Kim HM, Nakamura T. Spontaneous apatite formation on chemically surface treated Ti. J Am Ceram Soc 1996;79:1127-9.   DOI
2 Fini M, Cigada A, Rondelli G, Chiesa R, Giardino R, Giavaresi G, Nicoli Aldini N, Torricelli P, Vicentini B. In vitro and in vivo behaviour of Ca- and P-enriched anodized titanium. Biomaterials 1999;20:1587-94.   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Ishizawa H, Ogino M. Formation and characterization of anodic titanium oxide films containing Ca and P. J Biomed Mater Res 1995;29:65-72.   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
4 Kasemo B, Lausmaa J. Metal selection and surface characteristics. In: Br°anemark PI, Zarb GA, Albrektsson T (eds), Tissue-integrated prostheses, Osseointegration in clinical dentistry. Chicago: Quintessence; 1985. pp. 99-116.
5 Crawford GA, Chawla N, Das K, Bose S, Bandyopadhyay A. Microstructure and deformation behavior of biocompatible TiO2 nanotubes on titanium substrate. Acta Biomater 2007;3:359-67.   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
6 Yang BC, Weng J, Li XD, Zhang XD. The order of calcium and phosphate ion deposition on chemically treated titanium surfaces soaked in aqueous solution. J Biomed Mater Res 1999;47:213-9.   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Kim KN, Bae TS, So JM. Comparison on the calcium phosphate precipitation of NaOH-treated titanium and bioglass- ceramic CaO-P2O5 system. J Korean Res Soc Dent Mater 2001;28:247-52.
8 Beranek R, Hidebrand H, Schmuki P. Self-organized porous titanium oxide prepared in H2SO4/HF electrolyte. Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters 2003;6:B12-B14.   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Feng B, Chen JY, Qi SK, He L, Zhao JZ, Zhang XD. Carbonate apatite coating on titanium induced rapidly by precalcification. Biomaterials 2002;23:173-9.   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Yang B, Uchida M, Kim HM, Zhang X, Kokubo T. Preparation of bioactive titanium metal via anodic oxidation treatment. Biomaterials 2004;25:1003-10.   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Kaneco S, Chen Y, Westerhoff P, Crittenden JC. Fabrication of uniform size titanium oxide nanotubes: Impact of current density and solution conditions. Scripta Materials 2007;56:373-6   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Wen HB, Wolke JG, de Wijn JR, Liu Q, Cui FZ, de Groot K. Fast precipitation of calcium phosphate layers on titanium induced by simple chemical treatments. Biomaterials 1997;18:1471-8   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Kokubo T, Ito S, Sakka S, Yamamuro T. Formation of a high-strength bioactive glass-ceramic in the system MgOCaO- SiO2-P2O5. J Mater Soc 1986;21:536-40.   DOI
14 Ishizawa H, Ogino M. Characterization of thin hydroxyapatite layers formed on anodic titanium oxide films containing Ca and P by hydrothermal treatment. J Biomed Mater Res 1995;29:1071-9.   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
15 Balasundaram G, Yao C, Webster TJ. TiO2 nanotubes functionalized with regions of bone morphogenetic protein-2 increases osteoblast adhesion. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008;84:447-53.   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
16 Li P, Ohtsuki C, Kokubo T, Nakanishi K, Soga N, de Groot K. The role of hydrated silica, titania, and alumina in inducing apatite on implants. J Biomed Mater Res 1994;28:7-15.   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
17 Ishizawa H, Fujino M, Ogino M. Mechanical and histological investigation of hydrothermally treated and untreated anodic titanium oxide films containing Ca and P. J Biomed Mater Res 1995;29:1459-68.   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
18 Zhu X, Chen J, Scheideler L, Altebaeumer T, Geis-Gerstorfer J, Kern D. Cellular reactions of osteoblasts to micron- and submicron-scale porous structures of titanium surfaces. Cells Tissues Organs 2004;178:13-22.   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
19 Takadama H, Kim HM, Kokubo T, Nakamura T. An X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of the process of apatite formation on bioactive titanium metal. J Biomed Mater Res 2001;55:185-93.   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Hanawa T, Ukai H, Murakami K, Asaoka K. Structure of surface-modified layers of calcium-ion-implanted Ti-6Al- 4V and Ti-56Ni. Mater Trans JIM 1995;36:438-44.   DOI   ScienceOn