Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2020.20.10.593

Impact of Organizational Member's Positive Feedback on their Job Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Intrinsic Motivation and the Moderating Role of LMX  

Seo, Soon-Keum (서울종합과학대학원대학교 경영학과)
Oh, Sang-Jin (서울종합과학대학원대학교 경영학과)
Publication Information
The Journal of the Korea Contents Association / v.20, no.10, 2020 , pp. 593-614 More about this Journal
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to find out how positive feedback affects job satisfaction and empirically validate, in the process, the mediation effect of intrinsic motivation and the moderating effect of LMX. For this study, data was gathered on 345 out of total 396 members of domestic organizations in various industries, on whom we conducted a survey, and we reviewed the validity of our survey by means of confirmatory factor analysis, performed based on SPSS 25.0 AMOS 25.0, and confirmed correlations, and mediating and moderating roles existing among variables using Process Macro 3.0. As a result, it was verified that organizational members' positive feedback positively affects their intrinsic motivation and job satisfaction. In this study, it is validated that organizational member's intrinsic motivation has a positive influence on job satisfaction and positive mediation effect exists between them. Also, LMX has a positive moderating role for positive feedback and intrinsic motivation, and organizational member's intrinsic motivation revealed that it has a LMX-moderated positive mediation effect on positive feedback and job satisfaction. The implications of these findings are first, positive feedback, an issue these days in corporate organizations, produces intrinsic motivation of organization members and raises their job satisfaction. Furthermore, organizational members' intrinsic motivation is triggered by their leader's positive feedback when they are more in a good relationship. Lastly, given that job satisfaction of organizational members matters for organizational performance and human resource development, we can get a practical implication that we should nurture the capabilities of a leader through various education methods as we must provide an adequate positive feedback as one of the multiple ways that help improving the job satisfaction of organizational members.
Keywords
Positive Feedback; Intrinsic Motivation; LMX; Job Satisfaction;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 E. L. Deci and R. M. Ryan, "The" what" and" why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior," Psychological inquiry, Vol.11, No.4, pp.227-268, 2000.   DOI
2 S. T. Hannah, R. L. Woolfolk, and R. G. Lord, "Leader self‐structure: a framework for positive leadership," Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, Vol.30, No.2, pp.269-290, 2009.   DOI
3 R. B. Zajonc and P. Brickman, "Expectancy and feedback as independent factors in task performance," Journal of personality and social psychology, Vol.11, No.2, p.148, 1969.   DOI
4 J. E. Brophy, "How teachers influence what is taught and learned in classrooms," The elementary school journal, Vol.83, No.1, pp.1-13, 1982.   DOI
5 K. Lee, "Analysis of student mutual behavior in accordance with teacher's feedback type in sequential behavior analysis," Master's Degree Thesis of Graduate School of Korea National University of Education, 2009.
6 J. R. Hackman, and G. R. Oldham, "Development of the job diagnostic survey," Journal of applied psychology, Vol.60, No.2, p.159, 1975.   DOI
7 J. Aronfreed, Conduct and conscience, The socialization of internalized control over behavior: Elsevier, 2013.
8 P. D. Blanck, H. T. Reis, and L. Jackson, "The effects of verbal reinforcement of intrinsic motivation for sex-linked tasks," Sex3Roles, Vol.10, No.5-6, pp.369-386, 1984.
9 E. L. Deci and R. M. Ryan, "Self-determination and intrinsic motivation in human behavior," EL Deci, RM Ryan.- 1985.
10 R. J. Vallerand, E. L. Deci, and R. M. Ryan, "12 intrinsic motivation in sport," Exercise and sport sciences reviews, Vol.15, No.1, pp.389-426, 1987.
11 I. Jawahar, "An investigation of potential consequences of satisfaction with appraisal feedback," Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, Vol.13, No.2, pp.14-28, 2006.   DOI
12 R. J. Vallerand and G. Reid, "On the causal effects of perceived competence on intrinsic motivation: A test of cognitive evaluation theory," Journal of Sport and exercise Psychology, Vol.6, No.1, pp.94-102, 1984.   DOI
13 S. J. Dollinger and M. H. Thelen, "Overjustification and children's intrinsic motivation: Comparative effects of four rewards," Journal of personality and social psychology, Vol.36, No.11, p.1259, 1978.   DOI
14 W. D. Davis and W. L. Gardner, "Perceptions of politics and organizational cynicism: An attributional and leader- member exchange perspective," The Leadership Quarterly, Vol.15, No.4, pp.439-465, 2004.   DOI
15 C. J. Davis and M. Perea, "BuscaPalabras: A program for deriving orthographic and phonological neighborhood statistics and other psycholinguistic indices in Spanish," Behavior Research Methods, Vol.37, No.4, pp.665-671, 2005.   DOI
16 J. Han and S. Ko, "The impact of autonomy, process-oriented feedback, output-oriented feedback and motivation on job related efforts," Journal of Organization and Management, Vol.26, pp.251-272, 2002.
17 S. Park and S. Oh, "The relationship between proactivity and career satisfaction: Toward identifying the moderating roles of person-organizational value fit and LMX," Korean Business Education Review, Vol.31, pp.447-469, 2016.
18 D. M. Herold and D. B. Fedor, "Individual differences in feedback propensities and training performance," Human Resource Management Review, Vol.13, No.4, pp.675-689, 2003.   DOI
19 M. D. Hartline and O. C. Ferrell, "The management of customer-contact service employees: An empirical investigation," Journal of marketing, Vol.60, No.4, pp.52-70, 1996.   DOI
20 V. Gupta and S. Singh, "How leaders impact employee creativity: A study of Indian RandD laboratories," Management Research Review, Vol.36, No.1, pp.66-88, 2013.   DOI
21 J. Zhou, "Feedback valence, feedback style, task autonomy, and achievement orientation: Interactive effects on creative performance," Journal of applied psychology, Vol.83, No.2, p.261, 1998.   DOI
22 J. Zhou, "When the presence of creative coworkers is related to creativity: role of supervisor close monitoring, developmental feedback, and creative personality," Journal of applied psychology, Vol.88, No.3, p.413, 2003.   DOI
23 S. Shim, "The influency of emotional intelligence and senior welfare center's organizational culture on social worker's burnout," The Korean Society of Science and Art, Vol.34, pp.191-204, 2018.   DOI
24 D. Kim and S. Park, "Relationships of leader-member exchange, job satisfaction and job performance of early career employees in small-medium sized enterprises: The moderated mediation effect of LMX," Education and Culture Research, Vol.25, No.5, pp.597-619, 2019.   DOI
25 D. Hellriegel and J. W. Slocum, "Organizational Behavior," 12/e. Aufl., Cengage, Mason/Ohio, 2009.
26 M. Kim, J. Lee, and J. Wi, "Feedback and Organizational Effectiveness: Mediating Effects of Interpersonal Conflict," The Korean Journal of Business Administration, Vol.24, No.5, pp.2477-2497, 2011
27 E. L. Deci and R. M. Ryan, "Intrinsic motivation," The corsini encyclopedia of psychology, 1-2, 2010.
28 D. R. Ilgen, C. D. Fisher, and M. S. Taylor, "Consequences of individual feedback on behavior in organizations," Journal of applied psychology, Vol.64, No.4, p.349, 1979.   DOI
29 J. R. Hackman and G. R. Oldham, Work redesign, scholar.harvard.edu, 1980.
30 E. M. Fodor and R. A. Carver, "Achievement and power motives, performance feedback, and creativity," Journal of research in personality, Vol.34, No.4, pp.380-396, 2000.   DOI
31 M. Knowles, The adult learner: a neglected species, Houston, Texas. In: Gulf Publishing, 1984.
32 F. M. Herzberg and B. Mausner, "The motivation to work," Aufl., NewYork-London, No.2, pp49-58, 1959.
33 E. A. Locke, "The nature and causes of job satisfaction. Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology," Chicago: RandMc Narlly, 1976.
34 W. B. Swann Jr and T. S. Pittman, "Initiating play activity of children: The moderating influence of verbal cues on intrinsic motivation," Child development, pp.1128-1132, 1997.
35 M. J. Weiner and A. M. Mander, "The effects of reward and perception of competency upon intrinsic motivation," Motivation and Emotion, Vol.2, No.1, pp.67-73, 1978.   DOI
36 C. M. Frederick and R. M. Ryan, "Self-determination in sport: A review using cognitive evaluation theory," International journal of sport psychology, 1995.
37 R. W. Griffin, T. Bateman, C. Cooper, and I. Robertson, "Job satisfaction and organizational commitment," Taylor Francis, 1986.
38 H. J. Richard and G. Oldham, "Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory," Organizational behavior and human performance, Vol.16, No.2, pp.250-279, 1976.   DOI
39 J. M. Syptak, D. W. Marsland, and D. Ulmer, "Job satisfaction: Putting theory into practice." Family practice management, Vol.6, No.9, p.26, 1999.
40 M. Weir, "Job satisfaction: challenge and response in modern Britain: Fontana/Collins," Cambridge University press, 1976.
41 K. Krayer and L. Westbrook, "The relationship between communication load and job satisfaction," World Communication, Vol.15, No.1, pp.85-99, 1986.
42 H. M. Weiss and R. Cropanzano, "Affective events theory: A theoretical discussion of the structure, causes and consequences of affective experiences at work," JAI Press, 1996.
43 C. Lee, S. Lee, and I. Shin, "The effect of team feedback environment on thriving at work and team commitment through feedback-seeking behavior," Journal of the Korean Academia-Industrial, Korean Academia-Industrial, Vol.6, No.5, pp.3220-3229, 2015.
44 Y. Lee, The Effects of Psychological Capital on Behavioral Outcome: Mediating Role of Intrinsic Motivation and Positive Feeling, The Graduate School of Dong-A University: PhD, 2014.
45 P. Warr, J. Cook, and T. Wall, "Scales for the measurement of some work attitudes and aspects of psychological well‐being," Journal of Occupational Psychology, Vol.52, No2, pp.129-148, 1979.   DOI
46 T. A. Scandura and G. B. Graen, "Moderating effects of initial leader-member exchange status on the effects of a leadership intervention," Journal of applied psychology, Vol.69, No3, p.428, 1984.   DOI
47 A. H. Maslow, "The farther reaches of human nature," Brandeis University, 1971.
48 M. Hur and M. Cheon, "An empirical study on the relationships among leader's feedback, positive psychological capital, and personal creativity: The moderating role of negative feedback acceptance," The Journal of The Korean Academic Association of Business Administration, Vol.27, No.10, pp.1531-1562, 2014.
49 A. H. Brayfield and H. F. Rothe, "An index intervention," Journal of applied psychology, of job satisfaction," Journal of applied psychology, Vol.35, No.5, p.307, 1951.   DOI
50 T. Kim and C. Heo, "The Influence of the Perception of Organizational Culture Types on the Organizational Effectiveness in Public Enterprises: Mediating Effect of Cooperative Labor-Management Relations," The Korean Journal of Business Administration, Vol.26, No7, pp.1771-1802, 2013.
51 P. C. Smith, "The measurement of satisfaction in work and retirement: A strategy for the study of attitudes," Rand McNally and Company, 1969.
52 M. D. Dunnette and W. R. Kirchner, "Psychology applied to industry," psycnet.apa.org, 1965.
53 J. M. Maslyn and M. Uhl-Bien, "Leader-member exchange and its dimensions: Effects of self-effort and other's effort on relationship quality," Journal of applied psychology, Vol.86, No.4, p.697, 2001.   DOI
54 Y. Kim, "A study on the relationships between LMX, job satisfaction, and organizational commitments: focused on moderating effects of organizational conflicts," Unpublished Master's Thesis. Graduate School of Pusan National University, 2012.
55 E. Deci, "Intrinsic motivation," New York, NY, US. In: Plenum Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-4446-9, 1975.
56 Z. Chen, W. Lam, and J. A. Zhong, "Leader-member exchange and member performance: a new look at individual-level negative feedback-seeking behavior and team-level empowerment climate," Journal of applied psychology, Vol.92, No.1, p.202, 2007.   DOI
57 I. Oh, J. Han, Y. Kim, and T. Yoo, "Testing indirect effects of emotional competencies on supervisor-related stress and turnover intention through leader-member exchange," The Journal of Korean Psychological Association: Industry and Organization, Vol.19, No.1, pp.39-58, 2006.
58 D. Kamdar and L. Van Dyne, "The joint effects of personality and workplace social exchange relationships in predicting task performance and citizenship performance," Journal of applied psychology, Vol.92, No.5, p.1286, 2007.   DOI
59 R. M. Ryan and E. L. Deci, "Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being," American psychologist, Vol.55, No.1, p.68, 2000.   DOI
60 K. S. Chan and P. G. Cole, "An aptitude-treatment interaction in a mastery learning model of instruction," The Journal of Experimental Education, Vol.55, No.4, pp.189-200, 1987.   DOI
61 G. S. Low, D. W. Cravens, K. Grant, and W. C. Moncrief, "Antecedents and consequences of salesperson burnout," European Journal of Marketing, Emerald Group Publishing, 2001.
62 S. Cote and L. M. Morgan, "A longitudinal analysis of the association between emotion regulation, job satisfaction, and intentions to quit," Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, Vol.23, No.8, pp.947-962, 2002.   DOI
63 T. A. Wright and R. Cropanzano, "Psychological well-being and job satisfaction as predictors of job performance," Journal of occupational health psychology, Vol.5, No.1, p.84, 2000.   DOI
64 J. Kim and K. Park, "Study on determinants of feedback acceptability in multi-source feedback system and consequences," Korean Management Review, Vol.37, No.4, pp.661-689, 2008.
65 L. A. Steelman, P. E. Levy, and A. F. Snell, "The feedback environment scale: Construct definition, measurement, and validation," Educational and psychological measurement, Vol.64, No.1, pp.165-184, 2004.   DOI
66 B. A. Linderbaum and P. E. Levy, "The development and validation of the Feedback Orientation Scale (FOS)," Journal of management, Vol.36, No.6, pp.1372-1405, 2010.   DOI
67 L. Luo, "Work motivation, job stress and employees' well-being," Journal of applied management studies, No.8, pp.61-72, 1999.
68 O. M. Karatepe and M. Tekinkus, "The effects of work‐family conflict, emotional exhaustion, and intrinsic motivation on job outcomes of front‐line employees," International Journal of Bank Marketing, Vol.24, No,3, pp,173-193, 2006.   DOI
69 K. Kim and G. Jogaratnam, "Effects of individual and organizational factors on job satisfaction and intent to stay in the hotel and restaurant industry," Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality and Tourism, Vol.9, No.3, pp.318-339, 2010.   DOI
70 C. P. Alderfer, "Existence, relatedness, and growth: Human needs in organizational settings," New york: Free Press, 1972.
71 D. McGregor, "Theory X and theory Y," Organization theory, Human Side of Enterprise, 1960.
72 E. L. Deci and R. M. Ryan, "The initiation and regulation of intrinsically motivated learning and achievement." Achievement and motivation: A social-developmental perspective, Cambridge University press, pp.9-36, 1972.
73 S. Ko, "Outcome from intrinsic motivation: Effects of performance-contigent rewards, competition, and feedback on intrinsic motivation," Korean Management Review, Vol.31, No.2, pp.509-528, 2002.
74 F. Luthans and L. T. Thomas, The relationship between age and job satisfaction: curvilinear results from an empirical study-a research note, Personnel Review, 1989.
75 M. Gagne and E. L. Deci, "Selfdetermination theory and work motivation," Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol.26, No.4, pp.331-362, 2005.   DOI
76 B. Jeon, W. Cho, and J. Jung, "The view on the effectiveness of mutual interaction between intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation," The Collected Presentation Papers of the Symposium of The Korean Academic Association of Business Administration. pp.373-385, 2016.
77 S. Hwang, "A study on the effects of self-leadership on job involvement: The mediating effects of intrinsic motivation," Journal of Korean Corporation Management Association, Vol.18, No.2, pp.87-103, 2011.
78 P. Yang and S. Choi, "The impacts of psychological capital on job satisfaction and organizational commitment and the mediation effect of job motivation," The Journal of Human Resource Management Research, Vol.18, No.4, pp.149-172, 2011.
79 K. Na, The Effects of LMX Quality on Performance: Focusing on Leader and Member's Perspectives, The Graduate School of Yonsei University, MD, 2011.
80 S. Aryee and Z. X. Chen, "Leader-member exchange in a Chinese context: Antecedents, the mediating role of psychological empowerment and outcomes," Journal of business research, Vol.59, No.7, pp.793-801, 2006.   DOI
81 R. Anderson, S. T. Manoogian, and J. S. Reznick, "The undermining and enhancing of intrinsic motivation in preschool children," Journal of personality and social psychology, Vol.34 No.5, p.915, 1976.   DOI
82 M. Jacobs, A. Jacobs, G. Feldman, and N. Cavior, "Feedback: II. The" credibility gap": Delivery of positive and negative and emotional and behavioral feedback in groups," Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, Vol.41, No.2, p.215, 1973.   DOI
83 E. L. Deci, "The effects of contingent and noncontingent rewards and controls on intrinsic motivation," Organizational behavior and human performance, Vol.8, No.2, pp.217-229, 1972.   DOI
84 L. P. Cusella, "Feedback, motivation, and performance," psycnet.apa.org, 1987.
85 J. M. Harackiewicz, "The effects of reward contingency and performance feedback on intrinsic motivation," Journal of personality and social psychology, Vol.37, No.8, p.1352, 1979.   DOI
86 P. S. Kirkbride, S. F. Tang, and R. I. Westwood, "Chinese conflict preferences and negotiating behaviour: Cultural and psychological influences," Organization studies, Vol.12, No.3, pp.365-386, 1991.   DOI
87 E. Aronson and J. M. Carlsmith, "Experimentation in social psychology," The handbook of social psychology, Vol.2, No.2, pp.1-79, 1968.
88 J. W. Atkinson, "An introduction to motivation," psycnet.apa.org, 1964.
89 A. Bandura and D. Cervone, "Self-evaluative and self-efficacy mechanisms governing the motivational effects of goal systems," Journal of personality and social psychology, Vol.45, No.5, pp.1017, 1983.   DOI
90 K. Lewin, "A dynamic theory of personality (DK Adams and KE Zaner, Trans.)," NY: McGraw Hill, 1935.
91 B. Seok and M. Han, "Effect of leader-member exchange on the job satisfaction and organizational commitment: Focusing on team work," Global Business Administration Review, No.13, pp.155-178, 2016.
92 K. Jung, The effect of empowering leadership on job satisfaction and organizational commitment: Mediating role of intrinsic motivation and job stress, Doctorate Degree Paper of the Graduate School of Sungkyunkwan University, 2011.
93 C. A. Schriesheim, L. L. Neider, and T. A. Scandura, "Delegation and leader-member exchange: Main effects, moderators, and measurement issues," Academy of Management journal, Vol.41, No.3, pp.298-318, 1998.   DOI
94 R. C. Liden and J. M. Maslyn, "Multidimensionality of leader-member exchange: An empirical assessment through scale development," Journal of management, Vol.24, No.1, pp.43-72, 1998.   DOI
95 S. Ko and S. Oh, "The effect of emotional intelligence on LMX, TMX and innovative behavior among flight attendants," The Journal of Tourism Research, Vol.31, No.7, pp.129-147, 2016.
96 J. Yang and J. Yoo, "The effect of airline cabin crew's leader-member exchange on the customer orientation: Focusing on the moderating effect of self core evaluation and mediating of affective wellbeing," Journal of Korea Service Management Society, Vol.19, No.5, pp.61-82, 2018.   DOI
97 J. Yoo and M. Lee, "The influence of LMX and TMX on team effectiveness and team performance in airline cabin crew team," The Journal of Korea Navigation Institute, Vol.16, No.6, pp.1051-1063, 2012.
98 J. Jiang and K. Hong, "Leader-member exchange, creative self-efficacy and employee's creativity: The moderating role of the task uncertainty," Korean-Chinese Social Studies, Vol.34, pp.335-360, 2015.
99 C. Hur and K. Shin, "The influence of person-job fit on burnout and work engagement: The moderating effect of LMX," Korean Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Vol.25, No.3, pp.535-556, 2012.   DOI
100 Y. Gang and H. Kim, "Predictive and consequent factors of Leader member exchange quality," The Journal of Organization and Management, Vol.27, pp.253-274, 2003.
101 O. Epitropaki and R. Martin, "The impact of relational demography on the quality of leadermember exchanges and employees' work attitudes and well‐being," Journal of Occupational and organizational psychology, Vol.72, No.2, pp.237-240, 1999.   DOI
102 W. Hur, H. Kang, and J. Koo, "The relationship between feedback message and outcomes: The role of CSE, LMX and feedback acceptance," Korean Journal of Management, Vol.26, pp.57-89, 2018.
103 J. S. Goodman and R. E. Wood, "Feedback specificity, learning opportunities, and learning," Journal of applied psychology, Vol.89, No.5, p.809, 2004.   DOI
104 J. Ahn, K. Kim, and M. Kim, "A Study on relevance of performance feedback on organizational commitment," Corporate Management Study (formerly, Donglim Management Study), Vol.39, pp.83-100, 2011.
105 J. Yoon, H. Kim, and H. Yoo, "The effects of information seeking behavior on newcomer's organizational socialization and organizational effectiveness - The moderating effect of feedback information with superior and colleagues," The Korean Journal of Business Administration, Vol.19, pp.1119-1140, 2006.
106 X. M. Cervone, P. T. van den Berg, K. van Dam, and H. Thierry, "Pygmalion and employee learning: The role of leader behaviors," Journal of management, Vol.35, No.5, pp.1248-1267, 2009.   DOI
107 E. Lee, "The Linkage between SHRM and Firm Performance: A Theory Review and Research Agenda," Journal of Organization and Management, Vol.30, pp.153-191, 2006.
108 D. B. Minbaeva, "HRM practices affecting extrinsic and intrinsic motivation of knowledge receivers and their effect on intra-MNC knowledge transfer," International Business Review, Vol.17, No.6, pp.703-713, 2008.   DOI
109 F. Anseel, A. S. Beatty, W. Shen, F. Lievens, and P. R. Sackett, "How are we doing after 30 years? A meta-analytic review of the antecedents and outcomes of feedback-seeking behavior," Journal of management, Vol.41, No.1, pp.318-348, 2015.   DOI
110 M. Uhl-Bien, G. B. Graen, and T. A. Scandura, "Implications of leader-member exchange (LMX) for strategic human resource management systems: Relationships as social capital for competitive advantage," Research in personnel and human resources management, Vol.18, pp.137-186, 2000.