Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2016.16.04.675

Investigating a Theoretical Background of the Consumption of Korean TV Programs in China: Focused on Globalism, Proximity, and Modernity  

Kim, Sojung (홍콩중문대학교 신문방송학과)
He, Qijun (홍콩중문대학교 신문방송학과)
Publication Information
The Journal of the Korea Contents Association / v.16, no.4, 2016 , pp. 675-690 More about this Journal
Abstract
The current study attempts to empirically identify a theoretical background that effectively explains Korean pop-culture consumption in the Asian Pacific region; particularly, in China. Specifically, this study investigates how globalism, proximity, and modernity, which have been suggested in literature as key theoretical backgrounds for the Korean wave, influence China's motivation to consume the Korean wave and its subsequent consumption of Korean TV programs (e.g., dramas, variety shows, etc.). The findings suggest that the motivation to consume the Korean wave is positively related to globalism and proximity. Modernity, however, is found to have a negative influence on the motivation to consume the Korean wave. That is, the more one holds international values, the more one perceives Korea as similar to China, and the more one holds traditional values, the more motivation one shows to consume the Korean wave. The study also finds that the motivation to consume the Korean wave has a significant impact on the consumption of Korean TV programs. In the revised model, the study suggests that proximity, followed by globalism, has the strongest positive relationship with motivation. Such a finding suggests that a proximity approach could serve as a better theoretical perspective to explain the phenomenon of the Korean wave in China. Regarding the relationships of the demographic/socio-economic variables and the motivation to consume the Korean wave, females, rather than males, the higher the family income one gains, and the lower education level one has had, the more motivation one will show to consume the Korean wave.
Keywords
Korean Wave; China; Globalism; Proximity; Modernity;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 H. J. Cho, "Reading the 'Korean wave' as a sign of global shift," Korea Journal, Vol. 45, No. 4, pp. 147-182, 2005.
2 S. Kim, "Interpreting transnational cultural practices: Social discourses on a Korean drama in Japan, Hong Kong, and China," Cultural Studies, Vol. 23, No. 5-6, pp. 736-755, 2009.   DOI
3 W. Ryoo, "Globalization, or the logic of cultural hybridization: The case of the Korean wave," Asian Journal of Communication, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 137-151, 2009.   DOI
4 D. Shim, "Hybridity and the rise of Korean popular culture in Asia," Media, Culture & Society, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 25-44, 2006.   DOI
5 J. Yang, "The Korean wave (Hallyu) in East Asia: A comparison of Chinese, Japanese, and Taiwanese audiences who watch Korean TV dramas," Development and Society, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 103-147, 2012.   DOI
6 G. H. Piao, "Hanliu de wenhua qishi (The cultural inspiration of Hallyu)," Guowai Shehui Kexue (Social Science Abroad), Vol. 2011, No. 4, pp. 98-104, 2011.
7 Y. Y. Lan. (2014, August 30). Hanliu yingxiang nianqingren (Hallyu influenced young generation). Fazhi Wanbao [Online]. Available: http://www.fawan.com/Item/167804.aspx.
8 The Beijing News, Hanju Quanjiemi (Unveiling Korean Drama), Citic Press, 2006.
9 Yonhap News Agency. (2014, May 14). Laizi xingxing de ni zai iQIYI de dianjiliang po 25yi ci (Love from star got more than 2.5 billion video views on iQIYI). Yonhap News [Online]. Available: http://chinese.yonhapnews.co.kr/allheadlines/2014/05/14/0200000000ACK20140514001600881.HTML
10 South China Morning Post. (2014, Jul. 04), Peng Liyuan: Xi Jinping nianqingshi xiang"Dojiaoshou"(Peng Liyuan: Xi Jinping looked like "Professor Do" when he was young). South China Morning Post [Online]. Available: http://www.nanzao.com/tc/china/31380/peng-li-yuan-xi-jin-ping-nian-qing-shi-xiang-du-jiao-shou.
11 H-E. Kim(2013, Mar. 21), Hallyu bridges gap, but rift with China remains, JoongAng Ilb [Online]. Available: http://koreajoongangdaily.joinsmsn.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=2958467.
12 Sina. (2014, Oct. 27), Han waiguo youke po qianwan, zhongguo youke yu sicheng (Chinese accounted for more than 40% among 10 million visitors to Korea). Sina [Online]. Available: http://finance.sina.com.cn/world/20141027/092520649205.shtml.
13 D. Harvey, The Condition of Postmodernity, Blackwell, 1989.
14 T. Larsson, The Race to The Top: The Real Story of Globalization, Washington, D.C.: Cato Institute, 2001.
15 K. Ohmae, The borderless world: Power and Strategy in The Global Marketplace, Harper Collins, 1992.
16 R. Robertson, Globalization: Social Theory and Global Culture, Sage, 1992.
17 A. Appadurai, Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization, Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1996.
18 B. Lindsey, Against the dead hand: The uncertain struggle for global capitalism, New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 2002.
19 D. Held, A. McGrew, D. Goldblatt, and J. Perraton, Global transformations, politics, economics and culture, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1999.
20 J. Tomlinson, Cultural imperialism, Baltimore, MA: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991.
21 A. Appadurai, "Disjuncture and difference in the global cultural economy 1990," in I. Szeman and T. Kaposy (eds.), Cultural Theory: An Anthology, Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 282-295, 2011.
22 G. Ritzer, The McDonaldization of Society: An Investigation into The Changing Character of Contemporary Social Life, Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press, 1996.
23 R. Robertson, "Glocalization: Time-space and homogeneity-heterogeneity," in M. Featherstone, S. Lash, and R. Robertson (eds.), Global Modernities, Sage, pp. 25-44, 1995.
24 D. Crane, "Culture and globalization: Theoretical models and emerging trends," in D. Crane, N. Kawashima and K. Kawasaki (eds.), Global Culture: Media, Arts, Policy and Globalization, Routledge, pp. 1-19, 2002.
25 W. Ryoo, "Local modes of practice in an age of globalization: Renegotiating national identity as enacted in South Korean advertising," International Journal of Media and Cultural Politics, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 199-215, 2005.   DOI
26 K. Iwabuchi, Recentering Globalization: Popular Culture and Japanese Transnationalism, Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2002.
27 J. Straubhaar, "Beyond media imperialism: Asymmetrical interdependence and cultural proximity," Critical Studies in Mass Communications, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 39-59, 1991.   DOI
28 K. Iwabuchi, "Becoming culturally proximate: The ascent of Japanese idol dramas in Taiwan," in B. Moeran (ed.), Asian media productions, Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press, pp. 54-74, 2001.
29 S. Huang, "Nation-branding and transnational consumption: Japan-mania and the Korean wave in Taiwan," Media, Culture & Society, Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 3-18, 2011.   DOI
30 G. Chon, "Golden summer," Asiaweek, pp. 46-49, October 26, 2011.
31 J. N. Erni and S. K. Chua, "Introduction: Our Asian media studies?," in J. Erni and S. Chua (eds.), Asian Media Studies: Politics of Subjectivities, Blackwell Publishing, pp. 1-15, 2005.
32 J. Kim, "Why does Hallyu matter?: The significance of the Korean wave in South Korea," Critical Studies in Television, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 47-59, 2007.   DOI
33 H. Bhabha, The Location of Culture, New York, NY: Routledge, 1994.
34 E. Jung, "Transnational Korea: A critical assessment of the Korean wave in Asia and the United States," Southeast Review of Asian Studies, Vol. 31, pp. 69-80, 2009.
35 D. H. Lee, "Transnational media consumption and cultural identity: Young Korean women's cultural appropriation of Japanese TV dramas," Asian Journal of Women's Studies, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 64-87, 2006.   DOI
36 T. E. Ruggiero, "Use and gratification theory in the 21stcentury," Mass Communication and Society, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 3-37, 2000.   DOI
37 W. Chan and S. Chi, "Popular media as a motivational factor for foreign language learning: The example of the Korean wave," in W-M. Chan, K-N. Chin, M. Nagami, and T. Suthiwan (eds.), Media in Foreign Language Teaching and Learning, Boston, MA: Walter de Gruyter, pp. 151-188, 2011
38 J. F. Hair, R. L. Tatham, R. E. Anderson, and W. Black, Multivariate Data Analysis, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2009.
39 J. C. Anderson and D. W. Gerbing, “Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach,” Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 103, No. 3, pp. 411-423, 1988.   DOI
40 J. N. Pieterse, "Globalisation as hybridization," in M. Featherstone, S. Lash, and R. Robertson (eds.), Global Modernities, Sage, pp. 45-68, 1995.
41 M. J. Park, C. N. Kim, and B. W. Sohn, "Modernization, globalization, and the powerful state," in J. Curran and M. J. Park (eds.), De-Westernizing Media Studies. New York, NY: Routledge, pp. 111-124, 2000.
42 Y. B. Zhang and J. Harwood, "Modernization and tradition in an age of globalization: Cultural values in Chinese television commercials," Journal of Communication, Vol. 54, No. 1, pp. 156-172, 2004.   DOI