Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.4334/JKCI.2004.16.4.557

Experimental Approach on Sulfate Attack Mechanism of Ordinary Portland Cement Matrix: Part I. Sodium Sulfate Attack  

Moon Han-Young (Dept. of Civil Engineering, Hanyang University)
Lee Seung-Tae (Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto)
Kim Jong-Pil (Dept. of Civil Engineering, Hanyang University)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute / v.16, no.4, 2004 , pp. 557-564 More about this Journal
Abstract
This paper introduces a study carried out to investigate sodium sulfate attack caused by various reactive products. Experiments were performed on mortar and paste specimens made with ordinary Portland cement (OPC) conforming to KS L 5201 Type I. The water-cement ratios were varied from 0.35 to 0.55. It was found from the laboratory study that the water-cement ratio may be a key to control the deterioration of OPC matrix during sodium sulfate attack. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed that ettringite, gypsum and thaumasite were the main products formed by sodium sulfate attack. These findings were well supported by thermal analysis through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and confirmed the long-term understanding that deterioration mechanism by sodium sulfate attack is a complicated process. Most importantly, deterioration due to sodium sulfate attack is characterized as the drastic reduction in compressive strength as well as the expansion (especially in cement matrix with a higher water-cement ratio).
Keywords
sodium sulfate attack; ordinary Portland cement; ettringite; gypsum; thaumasite;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 AI-Amoudi, O. S. B., Maslehuddin, M., and Saadi, M. M., 'Effect of Magnesium Sulfate and Sodium Sulfate on the Durability Performance of Plain and Blended Cements,' ACI Materials Journal, Vol.92, No.1, 1995, pp.15-24
2 Tian, B. and Cohen, M. D., 'Does Gypsum Formation during Sulfate Attack on Concrete Lead to Expansion?' Cement and Concrete Research, Vol.30, 2000, pp.117-123   DOI   ScienceOn
3 AI-Amoudi, O. S. B., 'Studies on Soil-Foundation Interaction in the Sabkha Environment of Eastern Province of Soudi Arabia,' King Fahd University of Petroleum and Mineral, Dhahran, Ph.D Dissertation, 1992
4 AI-Amoudi, O. S. B., 'Sulfate Attack and Reinforcement Corrosion in Plain and Blended Cements Exposed to Sulfate Environments,' Building and Environment, Vol.33. No.1, 1998, pp.53-61   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Moon, H. Y. and Lee, S. T., 'Influence of Silicate Ratio and Additives on the Sulphate Resistance of Portland Cement,' Advances in Cement Research, Vol.15, No.3, 2003, pp.91-101   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Moon, H. Y., Lee, S. T., and Kim, S. S., 'Sulphate Resistance of Silica Fume Blended Mortars Exposed to Various Sulphate Solutions,' Canadian Journal of Civil ngineering, Vol.30, 2003, pp.625-636   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Tasong, W. A., Wild, S., and Tilley, R. J. D., 'Mechanisms by Which Ground Granulated Blastfumace Slag Prevents Sulphate Attack of Lime-Stabilised Kaolinite,' Cement and Concrete Research, Vol.29, 1999, pp.975-982   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Brown, P. and Hooton, R. D., 'Ettringite and Thaumasite Formation in Laboratory Concretes Prepared Using SulfateResisting Cements,' Cement and Concrete esearch, Vol.24, 2002, pp.361-70   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Brown, P. W. and Doerr, A., 'Chemical Changes in Concrete due to the Ingress of Aggressive Species,' Cement and Concrete Research, Vol.30, 2000, pp411-418   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Mario, c., 'Thaumasite Formation and Deterioration in Historic Buildings,' Cement and Concrete Composites, Vol.21, 1999, pp.147-154   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Moon, H. Y., Lee, S. T., and Kim, H. S., 'The Selection of Effective Korean Cement for Sulfate Environments,' Proceeding of the International Conference on Concrete Under Severe Conditions, CONSEC'01, Vancouver, Canada, 2001, pp.349-356
12 Wee, T. H., Suryavanshi, A. K., Wong, S. F., and Anisur Rahman, A. K. M., 'Sulfate Resistance of Concrete Containing Mineral Admixtures,' ACI Materials Journal, Vol.97, No.5, 2000, pp.536-549
13 Hartshorn, S. A., Sharp, J. H., and Swamy, R. N., 'Thaumasite Formation in Portland-Limestone Cement Pastes,' Cement and Concrete Research, Vol.29, 1999, pp.1331-1340   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Nevile, A. M., 'Properties of Concrete,' 2$^n^d$ Ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1980
15 Mehta, P. K., 'Effect of Fly Ash Composition on Sulfate Resistance of Cement,' ACI Journals of Proceeding, Vol.83, No.6, 1986, pp.994-1001
16 Torii, K., Taniguchi, K., and Kawamura, M., 'Sulfate Resistance of High Fly Ash Content Concrete,' Cement and Concrete Research, Vol.25, No.4, 1995, pp.759-768   DOI   ScienceOn
17 ACI Building Code 318, 'Requirement for Structural Concrete and Commentary,' American Concrete Institute, 1995, pp.37-38
18 Hobbs, D. W. and Taylor, M. G., 'Nature of the Thaumasite Sulfate Attack Mechanism in Field Concrete,' Cement and Concrete Research, Vol.30, 2000, pp.529-533   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Irassar, E. F., Di Mario, A., and Batic, O. R., 'Sulfate Attack on Concrete with Mineral Admixture,' Cement and Concrete Research, Vol.26, No.1, 1996, pp.113-123   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Verbeck, G., 'Symposium on Sulfate Resistance of Concrete,' Publication SP-77, American Concrete Institute, Detroit, 1982
21 Khatri, R. P. and Sirivivatnanon, V., 'Role of Permeability in Sulphate Attack,' Cement and Concrete Research, Vol.27, No.8, 1997, pp.1179-1189   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Mehta, P. K., 'Sulfate Attack on Concrete - A Critical Review,' In Materials Science of Concrete, Vol.III, ed. Jan Skalny, American Ceramic Society, 1992, pp.105-130
23 Mehta, P. K., 'Sulfate Attack on Concrete: Separating Myths from Reality,' Concrete International, Vol.22, No.8, August, 2000, pp.57-61
24 Figg, J. W., 'Chemical Attack on Hardened Concrete, Effect of Sulphates and Chlorides,' Bulletin ofthe Institution of Corrosion Science and Technology, No.75, 1979, pp.12-23
25 Mehta, P. K. and Gjorve, O. E., 'New Test for Sulfate Resistance of Cements,' Journal of Testing and Evaluation, Vol.2, No.6, 1974, pp.510-514   DOI   ScienceOn