Mechanochemical Approach for Oxide Reduction of Spent Nuclear Fuels for Pyroprocessing |
Kim, Sung-Wook
(Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute)
Han, Seung Youb (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) Jang, Junhyuk (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) Jeon, Min Ku (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) Choi, Eun-Young (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) |
1 | J.M. Hur, S.M. Jeong, and H. Lee, "Underpotential Deposition of Li in a LiCl-Li2O Electrolyte for the Electrochemical Reduction of U From Uranium Oxides", Electrochem. Commun., 12(5), 706-709 (2010). DOI |
2 | S.D. Herrmann, S.X. Li, M.F. Simpson, and S. Phongikaroon, "Electrolytic Reduction of Spent Nuclear Oxide Fuel as Part of an Integral Process to Separate and Recover Actinides From Fission Products", Sep. Sci. Technol., 41(10), 1965-1983 (2006). DOI |
3 | Y. Sakamura, M. Kurata, and T. Inoue, "Electrochemical Reduction of UO2 in Molten CaCl2 or LiCl", J. Electrochem. Soc., 153(3), D31-D39 (2006). DOI |
4 | G.J. Lee, E.K. Park, S.A. Yang, J.J. Park, S.D. Bu, and M.K. Lee, "Rapid and Direct Synthesis of Complex Perovskite Oxides Through a Highly Energetic Planetary Milling", Sci. Rep., 7, 46241 (2017). DOI |
5 | A. Roine, "Outotec's HSC Chemistry 9 Software, Chemical Reaction and Equilibrium Software With Extensive Thermochemical Database and Flowsheet Simulation," Version 9.7, Outotec Oy, Information Center, P.O. Box 69, FIN-28101, Pori, Finland (December 16, 2015). |
6 | A. Merwin, W.C. Phillips, M.A. Williamson, J.L. Willit, P.N. Motsegood, and D. Chidambaram, "Presence of Li Clusters in Molten LiCl-Li", Sci. Rep., 6, 25435 (2016). DOI |
7 | K. Kurosaki, K. Tanaka, M. Osaka, Y. Ohishi, H. Muta, M. Uno, and S. Yamanaka, "Chemical States of Fission Products and Actinides in Irradiated Oxide Fuels Analyzed by Thermodynamic Calculation and Post-Irradiation Examination", Prog. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 2, 5-8 (2011). DOI |
8 | S.J. Kim, P.N.V. Ha, and J.Y. Lim, "Impact of Rare Earth Recovery Fraction on Core Physics Parameters of the Korean SFR for TRU Transmutation", Nucl. Technol., 194(3), 340-352 (2016). DOI |
9 | S.C. Jeon, J.W. Lee, J.H. Lee, S.J. Kang, K.Y. Lee, Y.Z. Cho, D.H. Ahn, and K.C. Song, "Fabrication of UO2 Porous Pellets on a Scale of 30 kg-U/Batch at the PRIDE Facility", Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2015, 376173 (2015). |
10 | S.W. Kim, M.K. Jeon, and E.Y. Choi, "Electrolytic Behavior of SrCl2 and BaCl2 in LiCl Molten Salt During Oxide Reduction in Pyroprocessing", J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 321(1), 361-365 (2019). DOI |
11 | M. Sakata, M. Kurata, T. Hijikata, and T. Inoue, "Equilibrium Distribution of Rare Earth Elements Between Molten KCl-LiCl Eutectic Salt and Liquid Cadmium", J. Nucl. Mater., 185(1), 56-65 (1991). DOI |
12 | H.S. Lee, G.I. Park, K.H. Kang, J.M. Hur, J.G. Kim, D.H. Ahn, Y.Z. Cho, and E.H. Kim, "Pyroprocessing Technology Development at Kaeri", Nucl. Eng. Technol., 43(4), 317-328 (2011). DOI |
13 | K.C. Song, H. Lee, J.M. Hur, J.G. Kim, D.H. Ahn, and Y.Z. Cho, "Status of Pyroprocessing Technology Development in Korea", Nucl. Eng. Technol., 42(2), 131-144 (2010). DOI |
14 | M. Iizuka, Y. Sakamura, and T. Inoue, "Electrochemical Reduction of (U-40Pu-5Np)O2 in Molten LiCl Electrolyte", J. Nucl. Mater., 359(1-2), 102-113 (2006). DOI |
15 | E.Y. Choi, J.M. Hur, I.K. Choi, S.G. Kwon, D.S. Kang, S.S. Hong, H.S. Shin, M.A. Yoo, and S.M. Jeong, "Electrochemical Reduction of Porous 17 kg Uranium Oxide Pellets by Selection of an Optimal Cathode/Anode Surface Area Ratio", J. Nucl. Mater., 418(1-3), 87-92 (2011). DOI |
16 | E.Y. Choi, M.K. Jeon, J. Lee, S.W. Kim, S.K. Lee, S.J. Lee, D.H. Heo, H.W. Kang, S.C. Jeon, and J.M. Hur, "Reoxidation of Uranium Metal Immersed in a Li2O-LiCl Molten Salt After Electrolytic Reduction of Uranium Oxide", J. Nucl. Mater., 485, 90-97 (2017). DOI |
17 | Y.H. Kang, S.C. Hwang, H.S. Lee, S.W. Park, and J.H. Lee, "Effects of Neodymium Oxide on the Electrorefining Process of Uranium", J. Mater. Process. Technol., 209(11), 5008-5013 (2009). DOI |
18 | T. Kato, T. Inoue, T. Iwai, and Y. Arai, "Separation Behaviors of Actinides From Rare-Earths in Molten Salt Electrorefining Using Saturated Liquid Cadmium Cathode", J. Nucl. Mater., 357(1-3), 105-114 (2006). DOI |
19 | M.F. Simpson, T.S. Yoo, D. Labrier, M. Lineberry, M. Shaltry, and S. Phongikaroon, "Selective Reduction of Active Metal Chlorides From Molten LiCl-KCl Using Lithium Drawdown", Nucl. Eng. Technol., 44(7), 767-772 (2012). DOI |
20 | S. Paek, D. Yoon, J. Jang, G.Y. Kim, and S.J. Lee, "Removal of Rare Earth Elements From a U/RE Ingot via a Reaction With UCl3", J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 322(2), 495-502 (2019). DOI |
21 | Y.Z. Cho, T.K. Lee, H.C. Eun, J.H. Choi, I.T. Kim, and G.I. Park, "Purification of Used Eutectic (LiCl-KCl) Salt Electrolyte From Pyroprocessing", J. Nucl. Mater., 437(1-3), 47-54 (2013). DOI |
22 | E.Y. Choi, M.K. Jeon, and J.M. Hur, "Reoxidation of Uranium in Electrochemically Reduced Simulated Oxide Fuel During Residual Salt Distillation", J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 314(1), 207-213 (2017). DOI |
23 | S. Imoto, "Chemical State of Fission Products in Irradiated UO2", J. Nucl. Mater., 140(1), 19-27 (1986). DOI |
24 | I.S. Kim, S.C. Oh, H.S. Im, J.M. Hur, and H.S. Lee, "Distillation of LiCl From the LiCl-Li2O Molten Salt of the Electrolytic Reduction Process", J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 295(2), 1413-1417 (2013). DOI |
25 | N. Kanari and I. Gaballah, "Chlorination and Carbochlorination of Magnesium Oxide", Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 30(3), 383-391 (1999). DOI |
26 | E.H. Kim. G.I. Park, Y.Z. Cho, and H.C. Yang, "A New Approach to Minimize Pyroprocessing Waste Salts Through a Series of Fission Product Removal Process", Nucl. Technol., 162(2), 208-218 (2008). DOI |
27 | W. Wulandari, G. Brooks, M.A. Rhamdhani, and Brian J. Monaghan, "Magnesium: Current and Alternative Production Routes", Chemeca conference 2010, 347-357, September 26-29, 2010, Adelaide. |
28 | W.C. Cho, H.J. Kim, H.I. Lee, M.W. Seo, H.W. Ra, S.J. Yoon, T.Y. Mun, Y.K. Kim, J.H. Kim, B.H. Kim, J.W. Kook, C.Y. Yoo, J.G. Lee, and J.W. Choi, "5L-Scale Magnesio-Milling Reduction of Nanostructured SiO2 for High Capacity Silicon Anodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries", Nano Lett., 16(11), 7261-7269 (2016). DOI |
29 | M.K. Jeon, T.S. Yoo, E.Y. Choi, and J.M. Hur, "Quantitative Calculation on the Reoxidation Behavior of Oxide Reduction System for Pyroprocessing", J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 313(1), 155-159 (2017). DOI |