Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.7733/jnfcwt.2018.16.4.479

Evaluation of Granite Melting Technique for Deep Borehole Sealing  

Lee, Minsoo (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute)
Lee, Jongyoul (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute)
Ji, Sung-Hoon (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute)
Publication Information
Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT) / v.16, no.4, 2018 , pp. 479-490 More about this Journal
Abstract
The granite melting concept, which was suggested by Gibb's group for the closing of a deep borehole, was experimentally checked for KURT granite. The granite melting experiments were performed in two pressure conditions of atmospheric melting with certain inorganic additives and high pressure melting formed by water vaporization. The results of atmospheric tests showed that KURT granite started to melt at a lower temperature of $1,000^{\circ}C$ with NaOH addition and that needle shaped crystals were formed around partially melted crystals. In high pressure tests, vapor pressure was increased by adding water with maximum pressure of about 400 bars. KURT granite was partially melted at $1,000^{\circ}C$ when vapor pressure was low. However, it was not melted at vapor pressures higher than 200 bars. Therefore, it was determined that high pressure with a small amount of water vapor more effectively decreased the melting point of granite. Meanwhile, high temperature and high pressure vapor caused severe corrosion of the reactor wall.
Keywords
Deep borehole disposal; Borehole sealing; Granite melting; Recrystallization;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 R. Haugsrud, "The Influence of Water Vapor on the Oxidation of Copper at Intermediate Temperatures", Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 149(1), B14-B21 (2002).   DOI
2 P. Szakalos and O. Grinder, "Thermodynamics and kinetics of copper corrosion in oxygen free water", Workshop on Mechanisms of Copper Corrosion in Aqueous Environments, Stockholm, 16 November 2009.
3 B. Kursten, E. Smailos, I. Azkarate, L. Werme, N.R. Smart, and G. Santarini, State-of-the-art document on the Corrosion Behaviour of Container Materials, European Commission 5th Euratom Framework Programnne 1998-2002 Final Report, Contract $N^{\circ}$ FIKWCT- 20014-20138 (2002).
4 Nuclear Industry Radioactive Waste Executive, A Review of the Deep Borehole Disposal Concept for Radioactive Waste, Nirex report no.N/108, Oxfordshire, UK (2004).
5 P.V. Brady, B.W. Arnold, and P. N. Swift, Deep Borehole Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Waste, SAND2009-4401, SNL, Albuquerque, NM (2009).
6 K.S. Kim, State-of-the-Art Report on the Very Deep Borehole Disposal Concept for High-level Radioactive Waste, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute Report, KAERI/AR-929/2012 (2012).
7 S.H. Yun and C.R. Kim, "Deep Borehole Disposal Concept of Spent Fuel for Implementation in Korea", J. Nucl. Fuel Cycle Waste Technol., 11(4), 303-309 (2013).   DOI
8 T. Hadgu, B. Arnold, J. Lee, G. Freeze, P. Vaughn, P. Swift, and C. Sallaberry, Sensitivity Analysis of Seals Permeability and Performance Assessment of Deep Borehole Disposal of Radioactive Waste, PSAM 11 & ESREL 2012, Helsinki, Finland, 24-29 June, SAND2012-1118C (2012).
9 F.G.F. Gibb, K.J. Taylor, and B.E. Burakov, "The 'granite encapsulation' route to the safe disposal of Pu and other actinide", Journal of Nuclear Materials, 374(3), 364-369 (2008).   DOI
10 B. Arnold and P. Brady, Geological and Practical Aspects of Deep Borehole Disposal, Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board Spring Meeting, Albuquerque, New Mexico, SAND2012-1383C, 7 March 2012.
11 B.W. Arnold, P.V. Brady, S.J. Bauer, C. Herrick, S. Pye, and J. Finger, Reference Design and Operations for Deep Borehole Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Waste, SANDIA REPORT, SAND2011-6749 (2011).
12 F.G.F. Gibb, K.P. Travis, N.A. McTaggart, and D. Burley, "A model for heat flow in deep borehole disposals of high-level nuclear waste", Journal of Geophysical Research, 113, B05201 (2008).
13 P.G. Attrill and F.G.F. Gibb, "Partial melting and recrystallization of granite and their application to deep disposal of radioactive waste Part 1-Rationale and partial melting", Lithos, 67(1-2), 103-117 (2003).   DOI
14 S.E. Logan, "Deeper geologic disposal: a new look at self-burial", Proc. WM'99 Conference. Tucson, Arizona (1999).
15 J.B. Murphy, "Igneous Rock Associations 7. Arc magmatism I: relationship between subduction and magma genesis", Geoscience Canada, 33(4), 145-167 (2006)
16 P.G. Attrill and F.G.F. Gibb, "Partial melting and recrystallization of granite and their application to deep disposal of radioactive waste Part 2-Recrystallization", Lithos, 67(1-2), 119-133 (2003).   DOI
17 L.M. Spasova and M.I. Ojovan, "Characterisation of Al corrosion and its impact on the mechanical performance of composite cement wasteforms by the acoustic emission technique", Journal of Nuclear Materials, 375(3), 347-358 (2008).   DOI
18 N. Chapman, Deep Borehole Disposal of Spent Fuel and Other Radioactive Wastes, NAPSNet Special Reports, 25 July 2013.
19 F.G.F. Gibb, K.P. Travis, N.A. McTaggart, D. Burley, and K.W. Hesketh., "Modelling temperature distribution around very deep borehole disposals of HLW", Nuclear Technology, 163(1), 62-73 (2008).   DOI
20 J.A. Dalton and F.G.F. Gibb, "Temperature Gradients in Large Cold-Seal Pressure Vessels", Mineralogical Magazine, 60(2), 337-345 (2016).
21 L.M. Spasova, M.I. Ojovan, and F.G.F. Gibb, "Acoustic Emission Testing and Analysis Applied for Materials Used for Immobilisation of Nuclear Wastes", IAEA CRP on Cementitious Materials. Bucharest, 11, 24-28 (2008).
22 L.M. Spasova, M.I. Ojovan, and F.G.F. Gibb, "Acoustic emission on melting/solidification of natural granite simulating very deep waste disposal", Nuclear Engineering and Design, 248, 329- 339 (2012).   DOI
23 W.J. Cho, S.K. Kwon, and J.O. Lee, Thermal Properties of Granite from KAERI Underground Research Tunnel (KURT), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute Report, KAERI/TR-4148/2010 (2010).
24 HAYNES international, "high-temperature Tech brief, HAYNES${(R)}$ 230${(R)}$ Alloy", Accessed Dec. 12. 2017. Available from: http://www.haynesintl.com.
25 E.S. Larsen, "The temperature of magmas", American Mineralogist, 14, 81-94 (1929).
26 G. Hultquist, M.J. Graham, P. Szakalos, G.I. Sproule, A. Rosengren, and L. Grasjo, "Hydrogen gas production during corrosion of copper by water", Corrosion Science, 53(1), 310-319 (2011).   DOI
27 I. Pioro and S. Mokry, "Thermophysical Properties at Critical and Supercritical Pressures, Heat Transfer", in: Theoretical Analysis, Experimental Investigations and Industrial Systems, Prof. Aziz Belmiloudi, eds., ISBN: 978-953-307-226-5 (2011).
28 G. Hultquist, "Hydrogen evolution in corrosion of copper in pure water", Corrosion Science, 26(2), 173-177 (1986).   DOI