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http://dx.doi.org/10.7733/jnfcwt.2018.16.1.11

Tritium and 14C in the Environment and Nuclear Facilities: Sources and Analytical Methods  

Hou, Xiaolin (Technical University of Denmark, Center for Nuclear Technologies)
Publication Information
Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT) / v.16, no.1, 2018 , pp. 11-39 More about this Journal
Abstract
Tritium and $^{14}C$ are two most important radionuclides released from nuclear facilities to the environment, and $^{14}C$ contributes dominant radiation dose to the population around nuclear power plants. This paper presents an overview of the production, pathway, species and levels of tritium and $^{14}C$ in nuclear facilities, mainly nuclear power plants. The methods for sampling and collection of different species of tritium and $^{14}C$ in the discharge gas from the stack in the nuclear facilities, atmosphere of the nuclear facilities and environment are presented, and the features of different methods are reviewed. The on-line monitoring methods of gaseous tritium and $^{14}C$ in air and laboratory measurement methods for sensitive determination of tritium and $^{14}C$ in collected samples, water and environmental solid samples are also discussed in detailed. Meanwhile, the challenges in the determination and speciation analysis of tritium and $^{14}C$ are also highlighted.
Keywords
Tritium; Carbon-14; Source term; Production; Monitoring; Speciation analysis;
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