Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.7733/jkrws.2011.9.1.49

Analysis on the International Trends in Safe Management of Very Low Level Waste Based upon Graded Approach and Their Implications  

Cheong, Jae-Hak (Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety)
Publication Information
Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT) / v.9, no.1, 2011 , pp. 49-62 More about this Journal
Abstract
Recently, International Atomic Energy Agency and major leading countries in radioactive waste management tend to subdivide the categories of radioactive waste based upon risk-graded approach. In this context, the category of very low level waste has been newly introduced, or optimized management options for this kind of waste have been pursued in many countries. The application of engineered surface landfill type facilities dedicated to dispose of very low level waste has been gradually expanded, and it was analyzed that their design concept of isolation has been much advanced than those of the old fashioned surface trench-type disposal facilities for low and intermediate level waste, which were usually constructed in 1960's. In addition, the management options for very low level waste in major leading countries are varied depending upon and interfaced with the affecting factors such as: national framework for clearance, legal and practical availability of low and intermediate level waste repository and/or non-nuclear waste landfill, public acceptance toward alternative waste management options, and so forth. In this regard, it was concluded that optimized long-term management options for very low level waste in Korea should be also established in a timely manner through comprehensive review and discussions, in preparation of decommissioning of large nuclear facilities in the future, and be implemented in a systematic manner under the framework of national policy and management plan for radioactive waste management.
Keywords
Very low-level radioactive waste; Graded Approach; Landfill disposal; International trend; Safe management; Implications;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Nuclear Energy Agency, Release of Radioactive Materials and Buildings from Regulatory Control, NEA No. 6403 (2008).
2 Nuclear Safety Authority, Third National Report on Compliance with the Joint Convention Obligations, Paris, France (2008).
3 D. Aronsson, "Shallow Land Repositories for Very Low Level Waste," at the 23rd Contact Expert Group Plenary Meeting, October 7-9, 2009, Rome, Italy.
4 Ministry of the Environment, Sweden's Third National Report under the Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management, DS 2008:73, Stockholm, Sweden (2008).
5 M. Dutzer, F. Chastagner, N. Ricquart and F. Duret, "Disposal of Very Low Level Waste and Safety Assessment," Proc. of an International Symposium - Disposal of Low Activity Radioactive Waste, pp. 153-162, December 13-17, 2004, Cordoba, Spain.
6 International Atomic Energy Agency, Country Waste Profile Report for Sweden -Reporting Year 2008, IAEA, Vienna (2010).
7 International Atomic Energy Agency, Fundamental Safety Principles, IAEA Safety Fundamentals No. SF-1, IAEA, Vienna (2006).
8 National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Risk-Based Classification of Radioactive Waste and Hazardous Chemical Wastes, NCRP Report No. 139 (2002).
9 A. Wiebert, "Shallow Land Disposal in Sweden," at the Meeting between Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety and Swedish Radiation Protection Authority, February 13-15, 2006, KINS, Daejeon.
10 European Commission, Practical Use of the Concepts of Clearance and Exemption, Part 1 - Guidance on General Clearance Levels for Practice, EC Radiation Protection Publications No. 122(2000).
11 International Atomic Energy Agency, Classification of Radioactive Waste, IAEA Safety Standards Series No. GSG-1, IAEA, Vienna (2010).
12 Commission of the European Communities, Inventory of Information for the Identification of Guiding Principles in the Decommissioning of Nuclear Installations, EUR-13642, CEC, Brussels (1991).
13 International Atomic Energy Agency, Application of the Concepts of Exclusion, Exemption and Clearance, IAEA Safety Standards Series No. RSG- 1. 7, IAEA, Vienna (2004).
14 이관희, "극저준위폐기물의 자체처분 규제경험 및 기술현안", 제15회 원자력안전기술정보회의, 2010.4.20, 롯데호텔, 서울.
15 Commission of the European Communities, Second Report on the Use of Financial Resources Earmarked for the Decommissioning of Nuclear Installations, Spent Fuel and Radioactive Waste, COM (2007)794 Final (2009).
16 정재학, "방사성폐기물 안전규제 현안 및 규제방향", 제15회 원자력안전기술정보회의, 2010.4.20, 롯데호텔, 서울.
17 Commission of the European Communities, Sixth Situation Roport - Radioactive Waste and Spent Fuel Management in the European Union, COM (2008)542 Final (2008).
18 United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Low-Level Waste Disposal Under 10 CFR 20.2002, http://www.nrc.gov/waste/llw-disposal/10cfr20-2002-info.html (2010.08.30).
19 Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Policy for the Long Term Management of Solid Low Level Radioactive Waste in the United Kingdom, London, UK (2007).
20 정재학, "국저준위 방사성폐기물의 방사성핵종 분포유형에 기초하여 자체처분기준 만족여부를 판단하기 위한 통계학적 접근방법", 방사성폐기물학회지, 8(2), pp. 123-133 (2010).
21 OECD/NEA, Nuclear Energy Outlook 2008, NEA, Paris (2009).
22 Nuclear Safety Council, Third Spanish National Report under the Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management, Madrid, Spain (2008).
23 Swedish Radiation Safety Authority, Cooperation in Nuclear Waste Management, Radiation Protection, Emergency Preparedness, Reactor Safety and Nuclear Non-Proliferation with the Russian Federation, Ukraine, Armenia, Georgia and Belarus, SSM Report 2010:19 (2010).
24 홍상범, 이봉재, 정운수, "연구로 1,2호기 해체 철재폐기물의 규제해제농도기준(안) 도출을 위한 연구", 방사성폐기물학회지, 2(1), pp. 60-67 (2004).
25 일본 방사선안전규제검토회, RI.연구소 등 폐기물의 처분을 위한 노력과 천층처분시설의 사례, 제6회 검토회 배포자료 6-3 (2003).
26 Finnish Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Clearance of Nuclear Waste and Decommissioned Nuclear Facilities, Guide YVL 8.2 (2008).
27 Government of Japan, National Report of Japan for the Third Review Meeting of the Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management, Tokyo, Japan (2008).