Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.7742/jksr.2021.15.6.771

Depth Dose Distribution of Proton Beams by Variation of Tumor Density using Geant4  

Kim, You-Me (Department of Radiological Science, Daegu Catholic University)
Chon, Kwon-Su (Department of Radiological Science, Daegu Catholic University)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology / v.15, no.6, 2021 , pp. 771-779 More about this Journal
Abstract
It is necessary to overlap several peaks to form spread out Bragg peak (SOBP) in order to cover the tumor volume because a mono-energetic proton beam forms a narrow Bragg peak. The tumor density has been considered as a brain tissue and then the absorbed dose of the tumor is calculated using Monte Carlo simulations. However, densities of tumors were not a constant. In this study, the SOBP of proton beams was calculated according to changing density of tumors by using Geant4. Tumors were selected as 10 mm and 20 mm width which were the treatment range in the brain phantom. The energies and relative weights of the proton beams were calculated using mathematical formula to form the SOBP suitable for the location and size of the tumor. As the density of the tumor was increased, the 95% modulation range and the practical range were decreased, and average absorbed dose in the 95% modulation range was increased. The change of the tumor density affects the dose distribution of the proton beams, which results in short SOBP within the tumor volume. The consideration of the tumor density affects the determination of the range, so that the margin of the treatment volume can be minimized, and the advantages of proton therapy can be maximized.
Keywords
Proton Therapy; Bragg Peak; Monte Carlo Simulation; Geant4;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 H. Paganetti, "Range uncertainties in proton therapy and the role of Monte Carlo simulations", Physics in Medicine & Biology, Vol. 57, No. 11, pp. R99-R117, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/57/11/r99   DOI
2 S. E. McGowan, N. G. Burnet, A. J. Lomax. "Treatment planning optimisation in proton therapy", The British Journal of Radiology, Vol. 86, No. 1021, pp. 20120288, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259.bjr.20120288   DOI
3 S. J. Thomas, "Margins for treatment planning of proton therapy", Physics in Medicine & Biology, Vol. 51, No. 6, pp.1491-1501, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/51/6/009   DOI
4 B. Schaffner, E. Pedroni, "The Precision of proton range calculations in proton radiotherapy treatment planning: experimental verification of the relation between CT-HU and proton stopping power", Physics in Medicine & Biology, Vol. 43, No. 6, pp. 1579-1592, 1998. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/43/6/016   DOI
5 S. Espana, H. Paganetti, "Uncertainties in planned dose due to the limited voxel size of the planning CT when treating lung tumors with proton therapy", Physics in Medicine & Biology, Vol. 56, No. 13, pp. 3843-3856, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/56/13/007   DOI
6 M. S. Park, W. Lee, J. M. Kim, "Estimation of proton distribution by means of three-dimensional reconstruction of prompt gamma rays", Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 97, No. 15, pp. 153705, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3502612   DOI
7 J. W. Kim, "Pinhole Camera Measurements of Prompt Gamma-rays for Detection of Beam Range Variation in Proton Therapy", Journal of the Korean Physical Society, Vol. 55, No. 4, pp. 1673-1676, 2009. https://doi.org/10.3938/jkps.55.1673   DOI
8 D. Jette, W. Chen, "Creating a spread-out Bragg peak in proton beams", Physics in Medicine & Biology, Vol. 56, No. 11, pp. 131-N138, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/56/11/n01   DOI
9 Geant4 Collaboration, "Book For Application Developers, Release 10.5", http://geant4.cern.ch
10 R. E. Latchaw, J. T. Payne, R. B. Loewenson, "Predicting Brain Tumor Histology: Change of Effective Atomic Number with Contrasts Enhancement", American Journal of Roentgenology, Vol. 153, No. 4, pp. 757-762, 1980. 10.2214/ajr.135.4.757   DOI
11 S. Agostinelli, et al., "Geant4-a simulation toolkit", Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 506, No. 3, pp. 250-303, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(03)01368-8   DOI
12 A. Lechner, V. N. Ivanchenko, J. Knobloch, "Validation of recent Geant4 physics models for application in carbon ion therapy", Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, Vol. 268, No. 14, pp. 2343-2354, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2010.04.008   DOI
13 S. Bijan Jia, F. Romano, Giuseppe A. P. Cirrone, G. Cuttone, M. H. Hadizadeh, A. A. Mowlavi, L. Raffaele, "Designing a range modulator wheel to spread-out the Bragg peak for a passive proton therapy facility", Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 806, pp. 101-108, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2015.10.006   DOI
14 M. Just, M. Thelen, "Tissue Characterization with T1, T2, and Proton Density Values: Results in 160 Patients with Brain Tumors", Radiology, Vol. 169, No. 3, 1988. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.169.3.3187000   DOI
15 F. M. Milian, A. Attili, G. Russo, F. Marchetto, F. Bourhaleb, R. Cirio, "Development of virtual CT DICOM images of patients with tumors. Application for TPS and Monte Carlo dose evaluation", International Nuclear Atlantic Conference, Vol. 40, 2013.
16 S. Beilla, N. Chauveau, A. Laprie, M. Bardies, X. Franceries, "Which impact of tumor density variations on absorbed dose in external radiotherapy", Physica Medica, Vol. 32, No.3, pp. 301, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.07.147   DOI
17 S. B. Jia, A. A. Mowlavi, M. H. Hadizadeh, M. E. Loushab, "Impact of range straggling and multiple scattering on proton therapy of brain, using a slab head phantom", International Journal of Radiation Research, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 171-177, 2014. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263809808
18 J. Allison, et al., "Recent developments in GEANT4", Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 835, No. 1, pp. 186-225, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2016.06.125   DOI
19 M. Clausen, et al., "Phantom design and dosimetric characterization for multiple simultaneous cell irradiations with active pencil beam scanning", Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, Vol. 58, pp. 563-573, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00411-019-00813-1   DOI
20 J. A. Lopez, S. S. R. Gonzalez, O. H. Rodriguez, J. Holmes, R. Alarcon, "GEANT4 Study of Proton-Body Interactions", Journal of Nuclear Physics, Material Sciences, Radiation and Applications, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 121-127, 2021. https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2021.82015   DOI
21 S. S. Kang, et al., Radiation Therapeutics, 2nd Ed., Chung-gu munhwasa, Korea, 2009.
22 S. H. Park, J. O. Kang, "Bas ics of particle therapy I: physics", Radiation Oncology Journal, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 135-146, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3857/roj.2011.29.3.135   DOI
23 F. M. Khan, The Physics of Radiation Therapy, 3nd Ed., Daehak Seolim, Korean translation, 2008.
24 C. H. Hwang, J. H. Kim, "Analysis of Radiation Dose Enhancement for Spread Out Bragg-peak of Proton", Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 253-260, 2019. https://doi.org/10.7742/jksr.2019.13.2.253   DOI
25 T. Bortfeld, W. Schlegel, "An analytical approximation of depth-dose distributions for therapeutic proton beams", Physics in Medicine & Biology, Vol. 41, No. 8, pp. 1331-1339, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/41/8/006   DOI
26 Z. Hashemi, M. Tatari, H. Naik, "Simulation of dose distribution and secondary particle production in proton therapy of brain tumor", Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy, Vol. 25, No. 6, pp. 927-933, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2020.08.015   DOI
27 S. Flampouri, R. Slopsema, D. Yeung, R. Malyapa, S. Keole, C. Vargas, Z. Li, "TH-D-M 100E-05: Realistic Estimation of Proton Range Uncertainties and Dosimetric Implications", Medical Physics, Vol. 34, No. 6, pp. 2643, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2761732   DOI
28 W. D. Newhauser, R. Zhang, "The physics of proton therapy", Physics in Medicine & Biology, Vol. 60, No. 8, pp. 155-209, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/60/8/R155   DOI
29 R. R. Wilson, "Radiological use of fast protons", Radiology, Vol. 47, No. 5, pp. 487-491, 1946. https://doi.org/10.1148/47.5.487   DOI
30 C. Velten, W. A. Tome, "Simulation of spread-out bragg peaks in proton beams using Geant4/TOPAS", Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 047001, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1088/2057-1976/ab8f6d   DOI
31 S. B. Jia, M. H. Hadizadeh, A. A. Mowlavi, M. E. Loushab, "Evaluation of energy deposition and secondary particle production in proton therapy of brain using a slab head phantom", Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy, Vol. 19, No. 6, pp. 376-384, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2014.04.008   DOI
32 S. W. Peterson, D. Robertson, J. Polf, "Optimizing a three-stage Compton camera for measuring prompt gamma rays emitted during proton radiotherapy", Physics in Medicine & Biology, Vol. 55, No. 22, pp. 6841-6856, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/55/22/015   DOI
33 L. Dubal, U. Wiggli, "Tomochemistry of the brain", Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 300-307, 1977. 10.1097/00004728-197707000-00003   DOI
34 Z. Hui. et al., "Effects of interfractional motion and anatomic changes on proton therapy dose distribution in lung cancer", International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, Vol. 72, No. 5, pp. 1385-1395. 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.03.007   DOI
35 Darshana Patel, Lawrence Bronk, Fada Guan, Christopher R. Peeler, Stephan Brons, Ivana Dokic, Amir Abdollahi, Claudia Rittmuller, Oliver Jakel, David Grosshans, Radhe Mohan, Uwe Titt, "Optimization of Monte Carlo particle transport parameters and validation of a novel high throughput experimental setup to measure the biological effects of particle beams", Medical Physics, Vol. 44, No. 11, pp. 6061-6073, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mp.12568   DOI