Browse > Article

Entrance Skin Dose According to Age and Body Size for Pediatric Chest Radiography  

Shin, Gwi-Soon (Dept. of Radiologic Technology, Dongnam Health University)
Min, Ki-Yeul (Dept. of Radiologic Technology, Dongnam Health University)
Kim, Doo-Han (Dept. of Radiologic Technology, Dongnam Health University)
Lee, Kwang-Jae (Dept. of Radiologic Technology, Dongnam Health University)
Park, Ji-Hwan (Dept. of Radiologic Technology, Dongnam Health University)
Lee, Gui-Won (Dept. of Radiologic Technology, Dongnam Health University)
Publication Information
Journal of radiological science and technology / v.33, no.4, 2010 , pp. 327-334 More about this Journal
Abstract
Exposure during childhood results in higher risk for certain detrimental cancers than exposure during adulthood. We measured entrance skin dose (ESD) under 7-year children undergoing chest imaging and compared the relationship between ESD and age, height, weight, chest thickness. Though it is important to measure chest thickness for setting up the exposure condition of chest examination, it is difficult to measure chest thickness of children. We set up exposure parameters according to age because chest thickness of children has correlation with age. In the exposure parameters, for chest A-P examination under 2 year-children, tube voltage (kVp) in hospital A was higher than that in hospital B while tube current (mAs) was higher in hospital B, thus the ESD values were about 1.7 times higher in hospital B. However, for chest P-A examination over 4 year-children, the tube voltage was 7 kVp higher in hospital B, the tube current were same in all two systems, and focus to image receptor distance (FID) in hospital B (180 cm) was longer than that in hospital A (130 cm), thus the ESD values were 1.4 times higher in hospital A. For same ages, the ESD values for chest A-P examinations were higher than those for chest P-A examinations. Comparing ESD according to age, ESD values were $154{\mu}Gy$, $194{\mu}Gy$ and $138{\mu}Gy$ for children under 1 year, 1 to under 4 years and 4 to under 7 years of age, respectively. These values were lower than reference level ($200{\mu}Gy$) recommended in JART (japan association of radiological technologists), however these were higher than reference values recommended by EC (european commission), NRPB (national radiological protection board) and NIFDS (national institute of food & drug safety evaluation). In conclusion, the values of ESD were affected by exposure parameters from radiographer's past experience more than x-ray system. ESD values for older children were not always higher than those for younger children. Therefore we need to establish our own DRLs (diagnostic reference levels) according to age of the children in order to optimize pediatric patient protection.
Keywords
Pediatric chest examination; Age; Body size; Exposure parameters; Entrance skin dose (ESD);
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 AP Hufton, SM Doyle, HML Carty: Digital radiography in paediatrics: radiation dose considerations and magnitude of possible dose reduction, Br J Radiol. 71, 186-199, 1998   DOI
2 H. Sakai, H. Yoshimura: Measurement by glass dosimeter of patient exposure dose in CR system X-ray plain examination, FB News 315, 1-5, 2003
3 A. Brindhaban, C. U. Eze: Estimation of Radiation Dose during Diagnostic X-ray Examinations of Newborn Babies and 1-Year-Old Infants, Med Princ Pract 15, 260-265, 2006   DOI   ScienceOn
4 S. Ramanaidu, RB Sta Maria, KH Ng, J. George, G. Kumar: Evaluation of radiation dose and image quality following changes to tube potential (kVp) in conventional paediatric chest radiography, Biomed Imaging Interv J 2(3):e35, 2006
5 T. Olgar, E. Onal, D. Bor et al.: Radiation Exposure to Premature Infants in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Turkey, Korean J Radiol 9(5), 416-419, 2008   DOI   ScienceOn
6 L. A. Ribeiroa and E. M. Yoshimura: Entrance surface dose measurements in pediatric radiological examinations, Radiation Measurements vol 43, Issues 2-6, 972-976, 2008   DOI
7 IAEA: Safety Series No.115, International Basic Safety Standards for Protection against Ionizing Radiation and for the Safety of Radiation Sources, 1996
8 ICRP: Radiation and your Patient: A Guide for Medical Practitioners, Annals of the ICRP Supporting Guidance 2, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 2001
9 EC (Pediatric): European Guidelines on Quality Criteria for Diagnostic Images in Paediatrics, EUR 16261 EN, 1996
10 ICRP: The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, ICRP Publication 103, 2007
11 NRPB (Pediatric): Reference Doses and Patient Size in Paediatric Radioloy, NRPB-R318, 2000
12 Korea Food and Drug Administration: Guidelines for Diagnostic Reference Level in Chest X-ray Examinations, Radiation Safety Series No.17, 2008
13 United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation: Sources Effect and Risks of Ionizing Radiation, UNSCEAR 2000 Report, Vol. II: Effects, New York, 2000
14 NRPB: Doses to Patient from Medical X-ray Examinations in the UK: 2000 review, NRPBW14, Chilton, 2002
15 Japan Committee on Medical Exposure Guidelines: Guidelines on medical Exposure for Patients (targeted depreciation value) 47, JART, 2000
16 식품의약품안전평가원, 한국의료영상품질관리원: 소아 흉부촬영에서의 환자선량 권고량 마련을 위한 연구, 방사선 안전관리 용역연구개발과제, 09142방사선 509, 2009