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Analysis of the Causes of Subfrontal Recurrence in Medulloblastoma and Its Salvage Treatment  

Cho Jae Ho (Departments of Yonsei Cancer Center, Radiation Oncology Yonsel University College of Medicine)
Koom Woong Sub (Departments of Yonsei Cancer Center, Radiation Oncology Yonsel University College of Medicine)
Lee Chang Geol (Departments of Yonsei Cancer Center, Radiation Oncology Yonsel University College of Medicine)
Kim Kyoung Ju (Departments of Yonsei Cancer Center, Radiation Oncology Yonsel University College of Medicine)
Shim Su Jung (Departments of Yonsei Cancer Center, Radiation Oncology Yonsel University College of Medicine)
Bak Jino (Departments of Yonsei Cancer Center, Radiation Oncology Yonsel University College of Medicine)
Jeong Kyoungkeun (Departments of Yonsei Cancer Center, Radiation Oncology Yonsel University College of Medicine)
Kim Tae_Gon (Departments of Neurosurgery, Yonsel University College of Medicine)
Kim Dong Seok (Departments of Neurosurgery, Yonsel University College of Medicine)
Choi oong-Uhn (Departments of Neurosurgery, Yonsel University College of Medicine)
Suh Chang Ok (Departments of Yonsei Cancer Center, Radiation Oncology Yonsel University College of Medicine)
Publication Information
Radiation Oncology Journal / v.22, no.3, 2004 , pp. 165-176 More about this Journal
Abstract
Purpose: Firstly, to analyze facto in terms of radiation treatment that might potentially cause subfrontal relapse in two patients who had been treated by craniospinal irradiation (CSI) for medulloblastoma, Secondly, to explore an effective salvage treatment for these relapses. Materials and Methods: Two patients who had high-risk disease (T3bMl, T3bM3) were treated with combined chemoradiotherapy CT-simulation based radiation-treatment planning (RTP) was peformed. One patient who experienced relapse at 16 months after CSI was treated with salvage surgery followed by a 30.6 Gy IMRT (intensity modulated radiotherapy). The other patient whose tumor relapsed at 12 months after CSI was treated by surgery alone for the recurrence. To investigate factors that might potentially cause subfrontal relapse, we evaluated thoroughly the charts and treatment planning process including portal films, and tried to find out a method to give help for placing blocks appropriately between subfrotal-cribrifrom plate region and both eyes. To salvage subfrontal relapse in a patient, re-irradiation was planned after subtotal tumor removal. We have decided to treat this patient with IMRT because of the proximity of critical normal tissues and large burden of re-irradiation. With seven beam directions, the prescribed mean dose to PTV was 30.6 Gy (1.8 Gy fraction) and the doses to the optic nerves and eyes were limited to 25 Gy and 10 Gy, respectively. Results: Review of radiotherapy Portals clearly indicated that the subfrontal-cribriform plate region was excluded from the therapy beam by eye blocks in both cases, resulting in cold spot within the target volume, When the whole brain was rendered in 3-D after organ drawing in each slice, it was easier to judge appropriateness of the blocks in port film. IMRT planning showed excellent dose distributions (Mean doses to PTV, right and left optic nerves, right and left eyes: 31.1 Gy, 14.7 Gy, 13.9 Gy, 6.9 Gy, and 5.5 Gy, respectively. Maximum dose to PTV: 36 Gy). The patient who received IMRT is still alive with no evidence of recurrence and any neurologic complications for 1 year. Conclusion: To prevent recurrence of medulloblastoma in subfrontal-cribriform plate region, we need to pay close attention to the placement of eye blocks during the treatment. Once subfrontal recurrence has happened, IMRT may be a good choice for re-irradiation as a salvage treatment to maximize the differences of dose distributions between the normal tissues and target volume.
Keywords
Medulloblastoma; Subfrontal recurrence; Intensity modulated radiotherapy;
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