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Postoperative Adjuvant Chemotherapy and Chemoradiation for Rectal Cancer  

Lee Kang Kyoo (Department of Radiation Oncology, Wonju Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine)
Park Kyung Ran (Department of Radiation Oncology, Wonju Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine)
Lee Ik Jae (Department of Radiation Oncology, Wonju Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine)
Kim Ik Yong (Department of General Surgery, Wonju Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine)
Sim Kwang Yong (Department of Medical Oncology, Wonju Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine)
Kim Dae Sung (Department of General Surgery, Wonju Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine)
Lee Jong Young (Department of Radiation Oncology, Wonju Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine)
Publication Information
Radiation Oncology Journal / v.20, no.4, 2002 , pp. 334-342 More about this Journal
Abstract
Purpose : The aim of this study was to determine if postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) alone and concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT), following radical surgery, improved the disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in rectal cancer AJCC stage II and III patients. Materials and Methods : A total of 144 patients with AJCC stage II and III rectal cancer who had had radical surgery between 1989 and 1999 were included in the study. Of these patients, 72 had been treated with postoperative CT, and the other 72 with postoperative CCRT. The chemotherapy regimen consisted of oral UFT on a daily basis for $1\~12$ months (median 12 months) or 5-FU ($500\;mg/m^2$ for 5 days) intravenous (IV) chemotherapy with 4 week intervals for $1\~18$ cycles (median 6 cycles). Radiation of 4,500 cGy was delivered to the surgical bed and regional pelvic lymph nodes area, followed by $540\~1,440\;cGy$ (median 540 cGy) boost to the surgical bed. The follow-up period ranged from 20 to 150 months, with a median of 44 months. Results : The 5-year OS was $60.9\%\;and\;68.9\%$ (p=0.0915), and the 5-year DFS was $56.1\%\;and\;63.8\%$ (p=0.3510) for postoperative CT and postoperative CCRT, respectively. In the stage nm patients, the 5-year OS was $71.1\%\;and\;92.2\%$, and the 5-year DFS was $57.3\%\;and\;85.4\%$ for postoperative CT and CCRT, respectively. The OS was significantly improved (p=0.0379) but the DFS was not with postoperative CCRT compared to the postoperative CT (p=0.1482). In the stage III patients, the 5-year OS was $52.0\%\;and\;55.0\%$, and the 5-year DFS was $47.8\%\;and\;49.8\%$ for postoperative CT and postoperative CCRT. There were no statistically significant differences between postoperative CT and CCRT (p=0.4280 and p=0.7891) in OS and DFS. The locoregional relapses were $16.7\%\;and\;12.5\%$ for postoperative CT and CCRT, respectively. The distant relapses were $25.0\%\;and\;26.4\%$ for postoperative CT and CCRT, respectively. Conclusion : These results showed that postoperative CCRT compared with CT alone improved OS in stage II patients. Although there was no statistical significance, the addition of postoperative RT to CT reduced locoregional relapses compared to CT alone.
Keywords
Rectal cancer; Radiation surgery; Concurrent chemoradiation;
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