Browse > Article

Implicit and Explicit Memory Bias in Panic Disorder  

Jung, Na-Young (Department of Psychology, Ewha Womans University, Ewah Trauma Research Lab.)
Chae, Jeong-Ho (Department of Psychiatry, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine)
Lee, Kyoung-Uk (Department of Psychiatry, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine)
Publication Information
Anxiety and mood / v.8, no.1, 2012 , pp. 3-8 More about this Journal
Abstract
Patients with panic disoder (PD) show recollection of their first panic attack, which resembles a trauma that is perceived as an unexpected frightening and subjectively life-threatening event. Information-processing models suggest that anxiety disorders may be characterized by a memory bias for threat-related information. This paper reviews the previous researches that investigated the implicit and/or explicit biases in patients with panic disorder. Among the 17 studies, which addressed the explicit memory bias in PD patients, 11 (64.7%) were found to be explicit memory bias in PD patients. In regards to the implicit memory bias, 4 out of 9 studies (44.4%) were found to support the memory bias. The result shows that evidence of explicit memory bias in PD patients was supported by a number of previous researches. However, evidence of implicit memory bias seems less robust, thus, needs further research for replication. Also, development of new paradigms and applications of various methods will be needed in further researches on memory bias in PD patients.
Keywords
Panic disorder; Memory bias; Implicit memory; Explicit memory;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Kristin M. Memory Bias for Threatening Information in Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders: A Meta-Analytic Review. Psychological Bulletin 2008;134:886-911.   DOI
2 Coles ME, Heimberg RG. Memory biases in the anxiety disorders: Current status. Clinical Psychology Review 2002;22:587-627.   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Pauli P, Dengler W, Wiedemann G. Implicit and explicit memory processes in panic patients as reflected in behavioral and electrophysiological measures. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 2005;36:111-127.   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Maratos EJ, Allan K, Rugg MD. Recognition memory for emotionally negative and neutral words: an ERP study. Neuropsychologia 2000; 38: 1452-1465.   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Windmann S, Kutas M. Electrophysiological Correlates of Emotion-Induced Recognition Bias. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 2001; 13:577.   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Pauli P, Amrhein C, Muhlberger A, Dengler W, Wiedemann G. Ele-ctrocortical evidence for an early abnormal processing of panic-related words in panic disorder patients. Int J Psychophysiol 2005;57: 33-41.   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Neidhardt E, Florin I. Do Patients with Panic Disorder Show a Memory Bias? Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 1998;67:71-74.   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Teachman B. Information Processing and Anxiety Sensitivity: Cognitive Vulnerability to Panic Reflected in Interpretation and Memory Biases. Cognitive Therapy & Research 2005;29:479-499.   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Beck AT, Clark DA. An information processing model of anxiety: Automatic and strategic processes. Behaviour Research and Therapy 1997;35:49-58.   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Beck JG, Stanley MA, Averill PM, Baldwin LE, Deagle Iii EA. Attention and memory for threat in panic disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy 1992;30:619-629.   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Hagenaars MA, van Minnen A, Hoogduin KA. Reliving and disorganization in posttraumatic stress disorder and panic disorder memories. J Nerv Ment Dis 2009;197:627-630.   DOI   ScienceOn
12 David MC. A cognitive approach to panic. Behaviour Research and Therapy 1986;24:461-470.   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Cloitre M, Shear MK. Implicit and explicit memory for catastrophic associations to bodily sensation words in panic disorder. Cognitive Therapy & Research 1994;18:225-240.   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Lissek S, Rabin S, Heller RE, Lukenbaugh D, Geraci M, Pine DS, et al. Overgeneralization of Conditioned Fear as a Pathogenic Marker of Panic Disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2010;167:47-55.   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Beck AT, Emery G, Greenberg RL. Anxiety disorders and phobias: a cognitive perspective. Basic Books, New York; 1985.
16 Bower GH. Mood and memory. Am Psychol 1981;36:129-148.   DOI
17 Reiss S, Peterson RA, Gursky DM, McNally RJ. Anxiety sensitivity, anxiety frequency and the prediction of fearfulness. Behaviour Research and Therapy 1986;24:1-8.   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Teachman BA, Smith-Janik SB, Saporito J. Information processing biases and panic disorder: Relationships among cognitive and symptom measures. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2007;45:1791-1811.   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Becker E, Rinck M, Margraf J. Memory Bias in Panic Disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1994;103:396-399.   DOI
20 Amir N, McNally RJ, Riemann BC, Clements C. Implicit memory bias for threat in panic disorder: application of the 'white noise' paradigm. Behaviour Research and Therapy 1996; 34: 157-162.   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Cloitre M, Liebowitz MR. Memory bias in panic disorder: An investigation of the cognitive avoidance hypothesis. Cognitive Therapy and Research 1991;15:371-386.   DOI   ScienceOn
22 McNally RJ, Foa EB, Donnell CD. Memory bias for anxiety information in patients with panic disorder. Cognition & Emotion 1989;3: 27-44.   DOI
23 Rugg MD, Mark RE, Walla P, Schloerscheidt AM, Birch CS, Allan K. Dissociation of the neural correlates of implicit and explicit memory. Nature 1998;392:595-598.   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Schott B, Richardson-Klavehn A, Heinze HJ, Düzel E. Perceptual Priming Versus Explicit Memory: Dissociable Neural Correlates at Encoding. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 2002;14:578-592.   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Graf P, Schacter DL. Implicit and Explicit Memory for New Associations in Normal and Amnesic Subjects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 1985;11:501-518.   DOI
26 Richardson-klavehn A, Bjork RA. Measures of Memory. Annual Re-view of Psychology 1988;39:475.   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Graf P, Mandler G. Activation makes words more accessible, but not necessarily more retrievable. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 1984;23:553-568.   DOI   ScienceOn
28 Lundh LG, Czyzykow S, Ost LG. Explicit and implicit memory bias in panic disorder with agoraphobia. Behaviour Research & Therapy 1997;35:1003.   DOI   ScienceOn