Browse > Article

The Effects of Smoking on Aerobic Physical Fitness Factors among Physical Education Major Male University Students Participating in Regular Exercise  

Sung, Dong-Junn (Division of Sport Science, College of Natural Science, Konkuk University)
Park, Hye-Mi (Division of Sport Science, College of Natural Science, Konkuk University)
Cha, Kwang-Suk (Division of Sport Science, College of Natural Science, Konkuk University)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion / v.28, no.5, 2011 , pp. 97-104 More about this Journal
Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of smoking on aerobic physical fitness among physical education major male university students participating in regular exercise. Methods: A group of 42 healthy male students majoring physical education were divided into two groups: non-smokers (n=$26, 20.61{\pm}2.78 $yrs) and smokers (n=16, $21.25{\pm}2.29 $ yrs). Graded exercise testing for maximal oxygen consumption ($VO_2max$) was measured by Bruce protocol. Results: $VO_2max$ was not different between non-smokers and smokers, however, exercise duration time in non-smokers was more longer than smokers'. In non-smokers, ventilatory threshold (VT) time was delayed longer than smokers (p<0.01). %VT/VEmax was significantly different between non-smokers and smokers (p<0.01). Resting heart rate (p<0.01) and recovery heart rate at 80 seconds (p<0.01) in non-smokers were significantly lower than those of smokers. The decrease in heart rate recovery in non smokers was greater than in smokers at 40(p<0.05), 60(p<0.05) and 80(p<0.01) seconds. Conclusions: These results suggest that smoking has negative effects on aerobic fitness of male university students in physical education major.
Keywords
Smoking; Aerobic physical fitness factors; Regular exercise; Physical education; University students;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 5  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Budd, G. M., & Preston, D. B. (2001). College student's attitudes and beliefs about the consequences of smoking: development and normative scores of a new scale. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 13, 421-427.
2 Cha, K. S. (2001). A comparison of pulmonary function, aerobic power, blood pressure, blood hemoglobin in smokers and non-smokers. The Korean Journal of Physical Education, 40, 845-857.
3 Choi, D. H., & Choi, H. N. (2000). The variability of pulmonary and Lipoprotein functions in chronic smokers : A Cross-Sectional Study. The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine, 18, 10-116.
4 Wagner, J. A., Horvath, S. M., Andrew, G. M., Cottle, W. H., & Bedi, J. F. (1978). Hypoxia, smoking history, and exercise. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 49, 785-791.
5 World Health Organization. (1998). The world health report 1998: life in the 21st century a vision for all. Geneva: World Health Organization.
6 Jackson, E. M., & Howton, A. (2008). Increasing walking in college students using a pedometer intervention: differences according to body mass index. Journal of American College Health, 57, 159-164.   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Chon M. Y., Kim, M. H., & Cho, J. M. (2002). Predictors of health promoting lifestyles in Korean undergraduate students. Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion, 19(2), 1-13.
8 Dozis, D. M., Farrow, J. A., & Miser, A. (1995). Smoking pattern and cessation motivation during adolescence. International Journal of the Addictions, 30, 1485-1498.
9 Hirst, G., Edwards, F., Bramich, N., & Klemm, M. (1991). Neural control of cardiac pacemaker potentials. News in Physiological Sciences, 6, 185-190.
10 Jeong, M. H., & Shin, M. A. (2006). The relationship between knowledge and attitude about smoking of college student smokers. Journal of Korean Academy of Public Health Nursing, 20, 69-78.
11 Knapik, J., Zoltick, J., Rottner, H. C., Phillips, J., Bielenda, C., Jones, B., & Drews, F. (1993). Relationships between self reported physical activity and physical fitness in active men. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 9, 203-218.
12 Woo, E. K. (2002). A study on the knowledge level of smoking and smoking behavior. Unpublished master's thesis. Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
13 Yakey-Ault, J. L. (1998). A comparison of cardiopulmonary variables in male smokers and non-smokers during endurance exercise. Unpublished master's thesis. Springfield college, Springfield, U. S. A.
14 Yoo, J. S. (2007). A diagnostic study on the variables related to smoking behavior among college students: Based the PRECEDE model. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Education, 13, 266-276.
15 Kang, H. S., & Hong, H. R. (2011). The effects of body mass index, cardio/respiratory fitness, and smoking on the clustering of the metabolic syndrome risk factors in college male student. Journal of Sport and Leisure Studies, 45, 709-720.
16 Kim, M. H., Bae, Y. J., & Sung, C. J. (2006). A evaluation study on nutrient intake and diet quality of male college students according to packyear in Korea. Korean Journal of Nutrition, 39(6), 572-584.
17 Lee, M. Y., & Yoo, J. H. (2010). A study on the smoking status of the university students in some regions. Korean Journal of Oral Health, 10, 917-924.
18 Murphy-Hoefer, R., Adler, S., & Higbee, C. (2004). Perceptions about cigarette smoking and risks among colege students. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, (3, Suppl), S371-374.
19 Macera, C. A., Aralis, H. J., Macgregor, A. J., Rauh, M. J., Han, P. P., & Galarneau, M. R. (2011). Cigarette smoking, body mass index, and physical fitness changes among male navy personnel. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 13, 965-971.   DOI   ScienceOn
20 McArdle, W. D., Katch, F. I., & Katch, V. L. (2001). Exercise physiology; Energy Nutrition, and Human performance (5th ed.). Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
21 Oh, D. S., & Lee, K. C. (1993). The effects of smoking on motor ability, Woosuk University Journal, 15, 117-122.
22 Rosen, M., Anyukhovsky, E., & Steinberg, S. (1991). Alpha-adrenergic modulation of cardiac rhythm. News in Physiological Sciences, 6, 135-138.
23 American College of Sports Medicine (2010). ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription (8th ed.), Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
24 Brooks, G. A., Fahey, T. D., & Baldwin, K. M. (2005). Exercise physiology: Human bioenergetics and its application (4th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill.
25 Bruce, R. A. (1963). Exercise testing in adult normal subjects and cardiac patients. Pediatrics, 32, 742.
26 Park, H. O., Hyun, H. J., & Song, K. H. (2009). The anthropometric status and nutrient intakes of physical education majors and non-major male college students. Korean Journal of Community Nutrition, 14(1), 12-21.
27 Powers, S. K., & Howley, E. T. (2004). Exercise physiology (5th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill.
28 Seo, D. B., Kam, S., Han, C. H., & Park, K. S. (2008). Smoking rate and its related factors in collegians after their admission to the college. Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion, 25(3), 111-124.
29 Vivekananthan, D. P., Blackstone, E. H., Pothier, C. E., & Lauer, M. S. (2003). Heart rate recovery after exercise is a predictor of mortality, independent of the angiographic severity of coronary disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 42, 831-838.   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Sun, S. K., Jung, D. C., & Ko, K. J. (2006). The effects of chronic smoking on young male adults` cardiorespiratory function. Korean Journal of Sport Science, 17(2), 28-46.