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http://dx.doi.org/10.22895/jse.2021.0006

On the Hardware Complexity of Tree Expansion in MIMO Detection  

Kong, Byeong Yong (Division of Electrical, Electronic, and Control Engineering, Kongju National University)
Lee, Youngjoo (Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology)
Yoo, Hoyoung (Department of Electronics Engineering, Chungnam National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Semiconductor Engineering / v.2, no.3, 2021 , pp. 136-141 More about this Journal
Abstract
This paper analyzes the tree expansion for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) detection in the viewpoint of hardware implementation. The tree expansion is to calculate path metrics of child nodes performed in every visit to a node while traversing the detection tree. Accordingly, the tree-expansion unit (TEU), which is responsible for such a task, has been an essential component in a MIMO detector. Despite the paramount importance, the analyses on the TEUs in the literature are not thorough enough. Accordingly, we further investigate the hardware complexity of the TEUs to suggest a guideline for selection. In this paper, we focus on a pair of major ways to implement the TEU: 1) a full parallel realization; 2) a transformation of the formulae followed by common subexpression elimination (CSE). For a logical comparison, the numbers of multipliers and adders are first enumerated. To evaluate them in a more practical manner, the TEUs are implemented in a 65-nm CMOS process, and their propagation delays, gate counts, and power consumptions were measured explicitly. Considering the target specification of a MIMO system and the implementation results comprehensively, one can choose which architecture to adopt in realizing a detector.
Keywords
Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO); sphere decoding; tree expansion; very large scale integration (VLSI); wireless communications;
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