Early leaves within the Viola albida complex were investigated by scanning electron microscopy in order to determine the morphological segments during morphogenesis. The early leaf development of V. albida var. albida could be morphologically divided into the eight stages in the following order: I, the initiation of shoot germination; II, the conical growth directionally of the leaf; III, the adaxial and abaxial formation of the leaf; IV, the initiation of the stipule; V, the formation of a transitional zone between the leaf blade and petiole; VI, the expansion of the upper part of the leaf blade; VII, the formation of almost all parts of the early leaf; VIII, the early simple leaf. Viola albida var. takahashii differs from V. albida var. albida by additional stages, i.e., V-1, the initiation of the first lateral lobe at the both lateral parts of the leaf after the stage V and an early lobed leaf. Viola albida var. chaerophylloides is also distinguished from two taxa by two developmental features, V-2, the initiation of a second lateral lobe below of the first lateral lobe, and an early palmately compound leaf. These findings suggest that the Viola albida complex would be in the process of peramorphosis, showing developmental changes in a chain of events, leading to a different leaf shape. These data would also be useful for isolating genes that give rise to different leaf morphogenesis outcomes among the taxa in the Viola albida complex.

Although Myanmar is a biodiversity hotspot, little is known about its flora, particularly lycophytes and ferns, due to a lack of intensive inventories. In 2017, work on a total of 299 species of lycophytes and ferns found throughout the country, including 84 species from Natma Taung National Park in the Chin State, was published. However, a comparison of the flora of Myanmar with those of adjacent countries suggests that many more species are likely also to be distributed in this country. In the present study, two field surveys conducted in Natma Taung National Park during 2015 to make a checklist of lycophytes and ferns resulted in the discovery of three fern species not previously recorded in the flora of Myanmar. All occur in other countries in Southeast Asia as well as in other tropical areas. These species are Pteris bella (Pteridaceae), Dryopteris lepidopoda (Dryopteridaceae), and Loxogramme duclouxii (Polypodiaceae). The results will provide valuable information for the Myanmar fern checklist that is currently being prepared.

Numerical taxonomy is employed to determine the phenetic proximity of the Egyptian taxa belonging to the genus Ononis L. A classical clustering analysis and a principal component analysis (PCA) were used to separate 57 macro- and micromorphological characters in order to circumscribe 11 taxa of Ononis. A clustering analysis using the unweighted pair-group method with the arithmetic means (UPGMA) method gives the highest co-phenetic correlation. Results from clustering and PCA revealed the segregation of five groups. Our results are in line, to some certain degree, with the traditional sub-sectional concept, as can be seen in the grouping of the representative members of the subsections Diffusae and Mittisimae together and the representative members of the subsections Viscosae and Natrix. The phenetic uniqueness of Ononis variegata and O. reclinata subsp. mollis was formally established. However, our findings contradict the classic sectional concept; this opinion was suggested earlier in previous phylogenetic circumscriptions of the genus. The most useful characters that provide taxonomic clarity were discussed.

한국산 양지꽃족(tribe Potentilleae) 식물 7속 24종에 대하여 외부형태 형질과 과실 미세구조 관찰 및 문헌 조사를 통한 분류학적 연구를 수행하였다. 화주가 암술에 위치하는 특징과 화주의 모양은 양지꽃족의 아족 및 속간 분류에 유용한 형질이었다. 딸기아족(subtribe Fragariinae)은 화주가 아기저생 또는 측생하였으며 수술에는 1개의 화분낭을 갖는 반면에, 양지꽃아족은 화주가 대부분 자방에 아정생하며, 드물게 측생하고, 수술에 2개의 화분낭을 갖는 특징으로 구분되는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 딸기아족에는 물싸리속, 물싸리풀속, 검은낭아초속, 딸기속이 포함되며, 각 속은 양지꽃속과는 구분되는 독립된 속으로의 처리를 지지한다. 양지꽃속으로 처리되어 왔던 눈양지꽃은 양지꽃아족에서 유일하게 화주가 측생/아정생하는 특징과 탁엽이 엽병의 앞면에 부착하는 특징으로 독립된 눈양지꽃속으로 처리됨을 지지한다. 종 수준에서의 연구 결과 흰땃딸기(딸기속)는 식물체가 잎 포함하여 전반적으로 작고, 한라산에서만 제한 분포하는 특징으로 특산종으로 처리가 타당하다고 판단된다. 산뱀딸기(뱀딸기속)는 뱀딸기에 비하여 잎이 연한 녹색 또는 황녹색, 소엽이 얇고 다소 막질이며, 넓은 난형 또는 도란형의 소엽 등을 갖는 특징으로 뱀딸기와 잘 구분된다. 다양한 외부형태학적 변이를 보여 분류군의 한계에 대한 논란이 있어 왔던 양지꽃속의 돌양지꽃 복합체와 딱지꽃 복합체에 대하여 추가적인 분류학적 연구와 개체군 수준에서의 분자분류학적 연구가 필요하다.

경기도 용인시에 위치하는 정광산의 관속식물상을 조사하고 이에 분포하는 주요식물을 확인하였다. 본 조사는 2015년 5월부터 2016년 9월까지 총 14회에 걸쳐 이루어졌으며, 조사 결과 정광산에서 총 89과 234속 323종 6아종 34변종 4품종의 367분류군의 관속식물 분포가 확인되었다. 이 중 한국특산식물은 8분류군이 확인되었고, 식물구계학적 특정식물은 IV등급 4분류군, III등급 4분류군, II등급 2분류군, I등급 9분류군으로 총 19분류군이 확인되었다. 국외반출 승인대상 식물은 59분류군이 확인되었다. 적색목록 식물로는 준위협종(Near Threatened, NT)으로 께묵 1분류군, 관심대상종(Least Concern, LC)으로 금붓꽃 1분류군으로 총 2분류군이 확인되었다. 귀화식물로는 개망초, 돼지풀, 붉은서나물 등을 포함하여 27분류군이 확인되었다.

Camellia pukhangensis (Theaceae), a new species with yellow flowers from Quy Hop District, Nghe An Province, Vietnam, is described and illustrated. Camellia pukhangensis has nearly sessile leaves with an attenuate to caudate apex, cordate base, hirsute abaxial surface, hirsute adaxial midrib, hirsute petiole, deltate to ovate perules hairy on the outer surface, bright yellow orbicular to obovate petals hairy on the outer surface, androecium pubescent to two-thirds from the base, pubescent ovoid ovary with three (or four) locules and three (or four) pubescent styles free to the base. The morphological data support the provisional placement of C. pukhangensis in Camellia sect. Archecamellia Sealy.

The species diversity of Orchidaceae is believed to be extremely high in Myanmar. Like in other plant groups, little basic inventory work has been done thus far. During floristic surveys conducted in Popa Mountain Park (Mandalay Region), Natma Taung National Park (Chin State), and in the Ywangan area (southwestern Shan State), we encountered two interesting orchid species which were determined to be new generic records in the flora of Myanmar. Thuniopsis cleistogama was previously considered endemic to Yunnan Province (China) and was only known from the type locality. However, here the species is newly reported from two localities in central and western Myanmar. Disperis neilgherrensis is known from several widely scattered localities in tropical and subtropical Asia. This tiny orchid species was discovered in the Ywangan area in the southwestern area of the Shan State of Myanmar. These two species will be valuable additions to the updated checklist of the orchids of Myanmar.