Cancer is a general term subjected to a series of malignant tumor diseases which may affect many different parts of the human body. These cancer diseases are characterized by a rapid and uncontrolled formation of abnormal cells in the body. Cancer chemotherapeutic agents can often provide the prolongation of life and occasionally cures. To date many kinds of compounds have been obtained from plants kingdom as anti-neoplastic and anti-cancerous agents. However, there is no special type of compounds for cancer therapy. In our laboratory, anti-tumor and cytotoxic screenings on higher plants collected in Japan, China, Korea, Southeast Asia and South America have been done by using Sarcoma 180 ascites in mice, P388 lymphocytic leukemia in mice, Chinese hamster lung V-79 cells, P388 cells and nasopharynx carcinoma (KB) cells. The family, Simaroubaceae consists of about 20 genera and 120 species, mainly shrubs and trees, distributed in tropical and subtropical country. Simaroubaceae IS classified as RUTALES, together with Rutaceae, Burseraceae, Meliaceae, Malpighiaceae and Polygalaceae. The members differ from the Rutaceae in not containing oil glands. Bitter principles are a characteristic of the family, Simaroubaceae. The genera include Quassia (Simarouba) (40 spp.), Picrasma (Aeschrion) (6 spp.), Brucea (10 spp.), Soulamea (10 spp.), Ailanthus (10 spp.) and Perriera (1 spp.) etc.. Surinam quassia derived from Quassia amara growing in Guianas, north Brazil and Venezuela is used in traditional medicines for stomachic, anti-amoebic, anti-malarial and anti-anaemic properties. Also, various parts of a number of plants of the family Simaroubaceae have been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of a variety of diseases including cancer, amoebic, dysentery and malaria. Then, the research has established that it is the quassinoid content of these plants that is responsible for above activities. In this meeting, I will present on anti-tumor and anti-malarial activities and their active principles of Simaroubaceae plants, Eurycoma longifolia, Ailanthus vilmoriniana, Simaba cedron and Brucea mollis which have been studied in our laboratory.

Aralia elata is found in mountain areas all over Korean peninsula. Aralia elata is the scientific name for Japanese angelica tree. The tree belongs to the family Araliaceae, commonly known as ginseng family. Bud sprouts from apical shoot tip of the plants are rich in flavor and thus mainly used for both folk medicine and vegetable. The stalks with apical buds are gathered in the early spring and planted in sandy soil or water in the greenhouse. The sprouting buds are then collected and sold as fresh vegetable. Although the plants have been used for food, they have been cultivated in a very small scale. In spring, local farmers just go around mountain areas to search the trees and gather the stalks as much as they get and sell them to the market. No conservation efforts have been made to stop the exploitation or to save the dwindling population. We tried to provide local farmers with the plants that may be used as an alternative to stalks from wild populations. This will hel! p conserve the wild populations. However, it is hard to propagate them either by conventional cuttings or by seed germination in a short period of time. Mass propagation using tissue culture systems have shown a great promise with several woody plants. Recently we developed a mass propagation technique via somatic embryogenesis system using mature and/ or juvenile explants for Aralia elata. Several factors affecting somatic embryogenesis system including SE(somatic embryo) induction, embryogenic callus proliferation, SE germination, plant regeneration and transplanting to field will be presented. And some problems arising for the somatic embryogenesis system will be also discussed.lso discussed.

남부지방에 적합한 형개의 파종방법과 파종량을 구명하고자 시험하였던 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 수량구성 형질에서 경장, 절수 및 수수는 10$\ell$당 $1.5\ell$의 소식 파종구보다 3.5$\ell$의 최다 밀식 파종구에서 길고 많았으며 분지수, 수장, 직경의 형질은 이와는 반대의 경향으로 $1.5\ell$의 소식 파종구보다 3.5$\ell$의 최다 밀식구에서 적고 짧았으며 가늘어졌었다. 2. 생경수량은 10a당 $1.5\ell$의 소식 파종구보다 3.5$\ell$의 최다 밀식 파종구에서 조파, 산파 모두 수량성이 높았다. 3. 건경수량은 조파구에서는 10a당 2.5$\ell$ 파종구에서, 산파구에서는 3.5$\ell$의 파종구에서 수량성이 높았다.

남부지방에 형개의 직파 재배의 적정 파종기를 구명하여 재배기술을 개선, 보완하고 수량을 증대시켜 안정 생산에 기여하고자 실시한 실험결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 파종기가 빠른 시험구일수록 출현일수도 빠르고 개화기도 빨랐으며 출현 소요일 수와 개화 소요일수도 길었는데 반해 파종기가 늦은 시험구일수록 출현일수는 늦고 개화기간도 늦었으며 출현 소요일수와 개화일수는 짧았다. 2.수량구성 형질에서 경장, 분지수, 수장, 직경, 절수 및 수수는3월 30일 파종에서부터 4월 30일 파종까지는 높았으나 이보다 늦은 5월 10일부터 6월 30일까지의 파종구에서는 낮았다. 3. 10a당 생경수량은 3월 30일 파종부터 4월 30일 파종까지가 2, 107kg 이상의 높은 수량을 올렸고 건경수량 역시 1, 111.9kg 이상의 높은 수량성을 나타내 보였다.

This examination of vegetation is conducted from lune to Oct. 1999 through on the spot survey, centering on the habitat of Abies koreana around Imgeolryeong, langteomok, and Jeseokbong in Mt Jiri and Yeongsil path and Seongpanak path in Mt. Halla. Species composition tables of the Abies koreana community by altitude and slope in Mt. Jiri and Mt. Halla are made based on the community composition tables examined in quadrat. The Abies koreana-Saso quelpaertensis community in a west slope of Mt. Halla is found that Abies koreana of 4-6m in height forms subtree layer and that of 8-9m in height the tree layer and it reflects a difference between community structure by slope and main composition species. While the tree layer of Abies koreana community is 12-14 in height around the area of 1, 290-1, 560m above the sea of Imgeolryong and path from Baekmudong to Jangteomok, it is 8-12m in height in the area of 1, 680-1, 780m above the sea of path from Jangteomok to Jeseokbong. It means that community structure depends on area and attitude. This study finds out that commonly appearing composition species similar to coverage and presence are Lepisorus thunberianus, Quercus mongolica, Soidago virga-aurea var. asiatica, Ligularia fischeri, Carex lanceolata, Clintonia udensis, Magnolia sieboldii, Betula ermani, Acer Pseudo-sieboldianum, As soil environment of surveyed area, pH of surveyed spots is similar in Mt. Jiri and Mt. Halla, electrical conductvity is higher in Mt Jiri, and contents of organic matter is relatively higher in a west slope of Mt. Jiri and Mt. Halla and lower in their south and west slopes. Contents of organic matter and total nitrogen show that the area of 1, 550m above the sea in a west slope of Mt. Halla is some higher. For pH and contents of total nitrogen and organic matter, Mt. Halla is higher than Mt. Jiri but for electrical conductivity , Mt. Jiri is relatively higher than Mt. Halla.