Anion-exchange porous hollow-fiber membranes with a thickness of about 1.2 mm and a pore size of about $0.30{\mu}m$ were used as a supporting matrix to immobilize cycloisomaltooligosaccharide glucanotransferase (CITase). CITase was immobilized to the membrane via anion-exchange adsorption and by subsequent enzymatic cross-linking with transglutaminase, the amount of which ranged from 3 to 110 mg per g of the membrane. The degree of enzyme multilayer binding was equivalent to 0.3 to 9.8. Dextran, as the substrate, was converted into seven- to nine-glucose-membered cycloisomaltooligosaccharides (CI-7, -8, and -9) at a maxi mum yield of $28\%$ in weight at a space velocity of 10 per hour during the permeation of $2.0(w/w)\%$ dextran solution across the CITase-immobilized porous hollow-fiber membrane.

Rotaxane/Nafion composite membranes were prepared and characterized. Proton conductivity was .01 S/cm and the methanol ($10\;wt\%$) premeability was $7.88{\times}10^{-7}\;cm^2/sec$ at 5 $wt\%$ of rotaxane/Nafion composite membranes. The characterization of the status of retaxane inside of Nafion membranes is under study.

Fibrous arsenic (As) adsorbent was synthesized by loading zirconium (Zr) on fibrous phosphoric adsorbent that was directly synthesized by radiation-induced graft polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate phosphoric acid on polyethylene-coated polypropylene nonwoven fabric. Zirconium reacted with phosphoric acid grafted in the polyethylene layer. Zirconium density of the resulting adsorbent was 4.1 mmol/g. The breakthrough curve of As(V) adsorption was independent of the flow rate up to $1300\;h^{-1}$ in space velocity. The total capacity of As(V) was 2.0 mmol/g-adsorbent at pH of 2. The adsorbed Zr(IV) could be evaluated by 0.4 M sodium hydroxide solution because negligible Zr(IV) could be found in the eluted solution.

An experimental study was carried out on the recovery of ammonium lactate from simulated fermentation brothby desalting electrodialysis (DSED). All experiments, using AM-1 and CM-1 membranes, were operated in a constant current and a subsequent constant-voltage mode, and the switching point was determined based on the previous results. The effects of operating conditions such as operating current, initial feed concentration, and initial feed pH were investigated. Increased operating current resulted in a decreased operating time but an increased energy consumption per unit amount of ammonium lactate recovered. As the initial feed concentration was increased, the operating time increased while energy consumption decreased. The operating time and energy consumption slightly decreased as the initial feed pH was increased up to 6.0. However, no significant influences on the recovery of ammonium lactate were observed over 6.0. The rejections of acetate, glucose, and proteins were $10\%,\;93\%,\;and\;98\%$, respectively. Sulfate was not rejected at all.