컴퓨터를 학교교육(學校敎育)에서 다루어야 할 부분(部分)은 컴퓨터의 발전사(發展史), 사회적영향(社會的影響), 사회적(社會的)문제 등과 같은 컴퓨터 인식수준(認識水準)( computer awareness )과 프로그래밍, 시뮬레이션, 그래픽, 문제해결(問題解決) 펙케이지 등과 같은 컴퓨터 리터러시( computer literacy )가 있다. 박성익, 1988) 이 중에서 문제해결(問題解決)팩케이지가 CAI 인데 이를 위해서는 코스웨어가 중요하고 코스웨어를 위해서는 저작자(著作者) 언어(言語)가 반드시 있어야 한다. 이 저작자(著作者) 언어(言語)는 코스설계(設計) 지원(支願), 코스입력지원(入力支願), 코스 디버그 지원(支願), 코스 편집(遍輯) 지원(支願), 코스자료(資料) 작성지원(作成支願), 평매(評賣)지원 등이 가능해야 한다. (중산화언(中山和彦), 1987) 그러나 우리나라에서는 이 저작자(著作者) 언어(言語)가 없어 CAI 연구(硏究)에 제약을 받아 훌륭한 프로그램이 작성(作成)되지 못하고 있다. 본 연구(硏究)도 저작자(著作者) 언어(言語)를 사용한 것이 아니고 BASIC 언어(言語)를 사용한 것이기 때문에 많은 제약이 있어 일반화(一般化) 하기에는 다소 문제(問題)가 있다. 이상의 연구(硏究) 결과(結果)를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 일반물이학(一般物理學) 력학단원(力學單元)의 CAI 학습목표(學習目標)를 제시하였다. 2. 사전평가(事前評價) 20문항, 개별학습(個別學習) 90문항, 최종평가(最綜評價) 20문항을 개발(開發)하였다. 3. BASIC 언어(言語)로 주프로그램, 사전평가(事前評價) 루틴, 개별학습(個別學習) 루틴, 최종평가(最終評價) 루틴으로 응성(鷹成)된 프로그램을 개발(開發)하였다. (63,000번으로 구성) 4. 개발(開發)된 프로그램으로 20명의 학생(學生)에게 적용(適用)해본 결과(結果)는 학습능솔(學習能率)이 현저히 향상(向上)됨을 보여주었다. 5. 수년간(數年間) 시행(施行)하면서 수정(修正)하는 일은 앞으로의 과제(課題)이다.

This study investigated the effects of variations in the kinetic structure on science knowledge acquisition. According to the rationale of the kinetic structure theory, a communication having high structrue would facilitate greater knowledge acquisition than a presentation with low structure. To testify that hypothesis, a modified non-equivalent pretest posttest control group design was used. Four 10th grade classes (2 classes for each sex) were selected. On the topic of human digestive system, two tape recorded lessons differing in kinetic structure were developed. On n of two was high structure ($\bar{B}_{1}$=0.56), and the other was low structrue ($\bar{B}_{1}$=0.99) Results indicated that the high structure lesson did not show significantly higher score than the low structrue lesson(F=2.225, P<0.137). But when the data were analyzed by sex, only boy students showed the result that the high structure lesson had significantly higher score than the low structure lesson (F=4.785, P<0.009). The results of this study suggest that a high Structure communication will facilitate the science achievement in the case of boy students.

The purpose of this study is to make a comparative analysis of the educational bojective, organization, contents, teaching and evaluation of the biological curriculum in high school of Korea and the United States. The results are summarized as follows: 1. In case of the educational objectives, both Korea and the United States emphasize the importance of the process of inquiry, experimentation and observation. Particularily, great emphasis is placed upon the human centered curriculum by reinforcing the relationships between the nature and human being. 2. In regard to the educational organization, eleven credit units(Science I: 5 credits, Biology: 6 credits) is allocated in Korea, and ten credit unit, in the United States. Both of Korea and United Stats designate the biology as elective course. But the science I course is designated as required in Korea 3. This study have been analyzed the educational contents of the two countries within the framwork of the basic concepts and essential informations contained in the curriculum. Results of the analysis as follow: The educational contents have less quantity and lower level in Korea than in the United States. And interrelations among the other curricula are not well considered in the curriculum of Korea/ On the other hands, interrelations among the oter curricula are fully considered and the purpose for emphasizing the importance of the process of inquiry course is well considered in the United States. The themes are stressed on "Structure and Function" (34.5%), "Genetic continuty" (21.3%), "Diversity and Unit" (14.2%) and "Regulation and Homeostasis" (10.3%) in Korea, and in the United States "Structure and Function" (27.3%), "Diversity and Unity" (25.6%), "Genetic continuty" (17.9%) and "Organism and Environment" (9.3%). 4. Regarding the educational guidance, both of Korea and the United States emphasis the interrelation of the basic concepts and principles within the total framwork. Also observation and experimentation, safety education, interest of students, life dignity, pretection of nature, social biology are reguired being paid special attentions. 5. In case of evaluation, both of Korea and the United States are the same in all of methods of evaluation. But the United States is grest stressed on reading and writing.

To achieve the aim of science education, it is known that warious teaching, and learning materials should have to be used. As a sub-textbook for primary science education, 'Sil Hum-Kwan Chal (Experiment and Observation), teaching and learing material are developed and using now in science. This material have following characteristics; (a) Soruce-book contains reading materials for additional information, various pictures to enririch the science concepts, and supplementary and enrichment activities. (b) Work-book consists of the detailed procedures of activities of experiments presented in the textbook, student can record the experimental procedures and results. (c) Operational manuals provide operation techniques for experimental equipments which are used in science class. In this study the using status are surveyed for the 3rd grade of primary school, and based on this survey the improvement plan are discussed in view of design, quantity and utility, of sub-textbook.

The purposes of this study are to investigate Korean middle school students' conceptions related to electric current, and to analyze their changes in explanations about current after their observations of the related phenomena The subjects of the study were 20 students from one middle school in Seoul The conclusions of the studty are as follows: 1, Korean middle school students have various misconceptions such as current consumption model, sequential model, monopole model, non-various current model, the most students have sequential model' 2. When an evidence is introduced, some students do not perceive the phenomena as the teacher attempts. 3. When an evidence was introduced, after observation of the evidence some of the students who had misconceptions changed their explanatios, which were not always correct explanations, and the others did not change their expanations, which their observations were mostly incorrect.

In this study, novices' protocols were investigated on the basis of Mayer's analysis of mathematical problem solving. These protocols were obtained by Jae-Sool Kwon and Seong-Wang Lee(1988) by means of thinking aloud while 20 sophomore students in a department of physics education were solving physics problems on Newton's low of motion. The results of investiqation are as follows; (1) We proposed an effective method in analyzing protocols on physics porblem solving (2) We could find the defective types of knowledge of individuals who got an incorrect solution, through analyzing the cause of failure individually (3) The fact that many students considered first the frictional force as muntiplying the coefficient of friction by perpendicular force rather than as resistance of motion, was found And students' misconception on the coefficient of friction was found. (4) If such analyses of test items and protocols are used in physics education, they will be very useful for finding the faults of problem-solving process, and for setting and scoring subjective problems in physics

In this paper, the meaningsof "teaching science as inquiry", the results of the last 20 years' persuits for inquiry in school science, and the need of change of science education practices in parallel with that of her social contexts throughout the 1980' s were discussed.

The Inquiry Activities the newly developed Korean High Schol Biology Textbooks were evaluated using SIEI(Seientific Inquiry Evaluation Inventory). The textbook evaluated are five Introductory Biology books and five Advanced Biology books developed in 1990. The instrument, SIEI, was developed by Myung Hur in his doctoral study at Columbia University in 1984. The major findings of the study are summarized below. 1. The inquiry activities in the textbooks are focusing on the low level science process skills 2. Students are rarely asked to formulate a hypothesis or to design an experiment. 3. The structure of the Inguiry Activities are mostly competitive, thus inhibiting the inquiry achievement of students. 4. The Inquiry Indices of the textbooks are between 14 and 16, meaning only 14 to 16 percent of the total instructional time are to be devoted to inquiry activities.

This students ideas in science are diverse and unique It is realized that children's preconceptions and misconceptions established before lessoning hgve a crucial in fluence on the following education. so it is meaningful to analyse the children's concept of temperature for the better teaching strategy in this study. This survey of the Elementary school children's concept is designed for the subtopics of temperature as the relation between heat and temperature, He relation between volume(size) and temperature, the temperature of change of state on water, the temperature of substances in the condition of thermal equilibrium. Using Clinical method, this research was executed to 306 children at elementary school. The network method or the analyse of questionnaires were used to analyse the children's response. Findings of this survey are as follow. Students are already familiar with such concept as this increase of temperature by geating, but they think every substance is not the case. Many students appears to believe that the temperature of an object(substance) is related to its size(vloume) Qualitative tasks are difficult than qualitative ones. This trend appear highly in the low grade students. Don't know the temperature of change of state on water and it's stability They think that the temperature is determined by the heating time(period) and the temperature of heating source. Students think, in general that temperature of substance in the condition of thermal equilibrium is different.

The results of the analyses of 431 doctoral disserations of science education (Dissertation Abstracts International. 1980-1984) are as follows : 1. It was recognized that many countries as well as USA(e.g. Canada, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Taiwan, Thailand, The Netherlands etc.) have deep interest in science education. 2. About 60% of dissertations had been focused on middle school (junior and senior)and college students as the subject of investigation. 3. Disciplines of science concerning the subject showed general science (35.6%), biology (18.3%), physics (11.4%), chemistry (11.4%), earth science (4.6%), and others (18.7%). 4. The number of dissertations belonging to experimental research was over 60 more than that of dissertations belonging to theoretical research. 5. In methodology of research, examination, test, questionaire were general method, and the field of research was focused mainly on the academic achievement.