As a rapid development of electronic commerce transactions in these days, the security and private protection problems became more important matters under the electronic transaction base. Because electronic transaction using electronic documents be carried without direct person to person meeting, there can be the possibility to use other's identity illegally without notice, and very hard to verify authenticity of transaction as well. In addition, it is very hard to find out that the electronic documents on the process of submitting is forged documents or not, and also have much difficulty in maintaining transmitting secret. Therefore, to solve such problems on electronic commerce transactions and electronic documents, the digital signature and certification system with cryptography skill is inevitably necessary. As the wide use of digital signature together with beginning of digital government and financial transaction, not only the issuance of electronic certification, but certification market came to gradually expand. In Korea, after enacting digital signature act in 1999, the act contents were expanded to the wide range of contents complying with global standards from the end of 2001 to April, 2002, including the new clause of certification problems. And the act was put into operation now. Therefore, in this paper, we'd like to suggest development scheme through the investigation on electronic certification related problems, such as, concepts, procedures, service conditions here and abroad.

In the customer-centered era, financial institutions have understood the importance of Customer Relationship Management(CRM), and heavily invested into building the required technology infrastructure more than ever. In a competitive environment that are changing fast, knowledge management is necessary. To know customers' needs and desire, we have to approach their environment and mind, and the method by estimating in terms of supposing or imitating. Applying customers' knowledge is effective and will come up with a stepping-stone to get rid of threatening factors by having competitiveness in a competitive environment and extending and changing the corporation. This purpose, the study has identified knowledge-oriented infra that corporations know and customer relations by conducting a poll of local corporations and have presented motives that can effectively carry out knowledge-based customer relations. To gain competitive advantage, these Institutions need to understand their customers' potential value to find out more and to recognize the significant changes of customer. Then the CRM implementation will help Financial Institutions move to more of a sales culture away from product and closer to the customer.

An informatization evaluation is becoming a major issue among vocational colleges, as the 21th century begins. This century is characterized as Knowledge and Information era. Thus it is popular for administrative organizations to use Information Technologies as major tool to innovate themselves. The main objective of this study is develop evaluation indexes on applications of information technologies for vocational colleges because they must operate their education services by using management principles. Four major indexes were recommended to evaluate their information environment of educational service as follows. 1. Strategic Information System 2. Environmental Factors of Information System 3. Informational Resources 4. Utilization of Information Technologies Each index has 4 variables to identify the level of informatization and every variable is consisted of several questions. Such an evaluation system will be applied for vocational colleges to know their own situation of IT application and to develop managerial strategies by using IT. This system also will be useful to compare you with your potential competitors and to find appropriate polices of IT application by measuring the indexes at different points of time.

The Internet is flourishing and the World Wide Web is growing at an exponential rate. A fundamental concept of Intranet, the so-called second wave, was introduced only a few years ago. Intranets have been embraced by corporate users of information services and made substantial inroads in strategic vision documents and procurement practices. Business organizations have come to the conclusion that they require an extensive data repository in order to acquire a competitive advantage in a dynamically change market. This rich assortment of data must further be delivered and deliverable enterprise-wide in a secure and cost-efficient manner. Information technology(IT) has created the Intranet as a vitally important mechanism for the storage, dissemination, and even the analysis data. The present study is an attempt to develop a more through understanding of the potential and actual impact of the Intranet on organizational functions and activities. Expecially, it also consists of an effort to assess the impact of the Intranet on communication. The research also addresses the issue of how the Intranet affects communication and shapes or modifies business activities. The results of literature review and study revealed that middle managers believe that the extent of the Intranet use is significantly related to improvements in overall organizational functions and activities. While communication, decision-making, productivity, work collaboration, and business activities are all enhanced by Intranet use, communication appears to be most dramatically improved by Intranet use.

This study has uncovered some important relationships among employees perceptions of distributive justice and procedural justice and organizational commitment and job satisfaction and organizational effectiveness. The present study attempts, first, to identify the perceived justice in promotion and transfer, performance evaluation, pay raise, job allocation and job fire. Second, to determine the relative importance of DJ(distributive justice) and PJ(procedural justice). Add to that two's justice's impact organizational committment, job satisfaction and to examine relationships of organizational committment, job satisfaction. Third, to examine relationships of organizational committment, job satisfaction and organizational effectiveness. The research is the identification of a modest but significant relationship between the two justice and organizational commitment and job satisfaction and organizational effectiveness. The result make it clear that employee find that right personnel management of fairness.

After and before the education of business ethics, the recognitive response and interpretation of personnel and information ethics to the standards of business ethics are as follows. 1. In case of personnel ethics, before the education of business ethics, selfishness is at its peak and utilitarianism is in the lowest. It can be understood that it is faithful to the principles of capitalism. 2. In case of personnel ethics, before the education of business ethics, relativism is in the highest level and utilitarianism is in the lowest. Because it means not agreeing on standardized economic equality and the choice of proper ethical standards. It can be understood that the education of business ethics has an effect on ethical making-decision. 3. In case of information ethics, after and before the education of business ethics, righteousness is at its peak and utilitarianism is in the lowest level. I can be interpreted that it means thinking highly of the value of justice and not agreeing to standardized economic equality. 4. The above results show that the education of business ethics has an influence on the recognition of personnel ethics and is effectively used to improve the recognition of personnel and information ethics.

Korea has suffered from unemployment of workers discharged from the companies and graduates, and matriarchs since 1997's IMF. Since then Korea has fallen into economic depression, therefore the graduates have not employed for several years and lots of workers have been discharged from their positions. SOHO(Small Office Home Office) is able to be considered as the alternative employing measure of the unemployers. SOHO foundation makes a great contribution to job creation and the social welfare throughout the country. Since its foundation needs small-scale facilities and investment, the discharged and unemployed can found SOHO easily and will do good business. Korea government should practice policies in order to promote SOHO foundation as follows. First, Korean government should enlarge various support measures for SOHO foundation, namely offering of useful information and promoting of SOHO foundation, etc. Second, she should carry out the SOHO foundation education for juveniles. In order to do this project, colleges and universities adopt the SOHO foundation lesson in the education course. Third, government should enlarge various government subsidies of SOHO foundation for the benefit of the discharged and unemployed.

The association between accounting earnings and the stock price of an entity is the subject that has been most heavily researched during the past 25 years in accounting literature. Researcher's common finding is that there are positive relationships between accounting earnings and stock prices. However, the explanatory power of accounting earnings which was measured by $R^2$ of regression functions used was rather low. To be connected with these low results, The prior studies propose that there will be additional information, errors in variables. This study investigates empirically determinants of earnings response coefficients(ERCs), which measure the correlation between earnings and stock prices, using earnings level / change, as the dependent variable in the return/earnings regression. Specifically, the thesis tests whether the factors such as earnings persistence, growth, systematic risk, image, information asymmetry and firm size. specially, the determinable variables of ERC are explained in detail. The image / information asymmetry variables are selected to be connected with additional information stand point, The debt / growth variables are selected to be connected with errors in variables. In this study, The sample of firms, listed in Korean Stock Exchange was drawn from the KIS-DATA and was required to meet the following criteria: (1) Annual accounting earnings were available over the 1986-1999 period on the KIS-FAS to allow computation of variables parameter; (2) sufficient return data for estimation of market model parameters were available on the KIS-SMAT month returns: (3) each firm had a fiscal year ending in December throughout the study period. Implementation of these criteria yielded a sample of 1,141 firm-year observation over the 10-year(1990-1999) period. A conventional regression specification would use stock returns(abnormal returns) as a dependent variable and accounting earnings(unexpected earnings) changes interacted with other factors as independent variables. In this study, I examined the relation between other factors and the RRC by using reverse regression. For an empirical test, eight hypotheses(including six lower-hypotheses) were tested. The results of the performed empirical analysis can be summarized as follows; The first, The relationship between persistence of earnings and ERC have significance of each by itself, this result accord with one of the prior studies. The second, The relationship between growth and ERC have not significance. The third, The relationship between image and ERC have significance of each by itself, but a forecast code doesn't present. This fact shows that image cost does not effect on market management share, is used to prevent market occupancy decrease. The fourth, The relationship between information asymmetry variable and ERC have significance of each by. The fifth, The relationship between systematic risk$(\beta)$ and ERC have not significance. The sixth, The relationship between debt ratio and ERC have significance of each by itself, but a forecast code doesn't present. This fact is judged that it is due to the effect of financial leverage effect and a tendency of interest.

The purpose of this study is to settle local government accounting system. In order to achieve this object. First, accural accounting should be closely connected with budgetary accounting. Second, a computerized program for double entry book-keeping system must be developed primarily. Finally, the improvement of local government accounting system should be oriented enhancing efficiency and public accountability.

An employee employment of Enterprise must consider efficiency, balance attribute and effectiveness as important variable. but Our country's Enterprise reduce the personnel without basic guide line about employee employment. because Our country's Enterprise thinks of personnel expenses or sales amount decrease as important variable. Therefore, Research background sets out that there is no basic guideline for employment management one of the most important elements in Enterprise administration. and I examined employment control's concept and concept about softness of labor market in theoretical background setting. Also, was abreast of employment control effect, case study and literature research about employment control's basis. Finally, In fluctuation change of Enterprise's employee number, I examined which relation is formed in comparison with sales amount, net profit and the employee number of individual Enterprise using investment analysis material of Stock Company focused on Enterprise that stock is listed on the stock exchange.

These days the surroundings around harbours are rapidly changing. Particularly in the age of Pacific Rim it is rather clear that the competition among the harbours in Northeast Asia region where are so many of worldwidely famous harbours might be intense. From 1980s on the industrialization and urbanization in the area of Kwang Yand-Bay, thanks to the regional development program, have been speedily under way. And in the year of 1987 the 1st development program of Kwang Yang-Bay container quay was started and is scheduled to be completed by the end of 1997. As the completion of the program it is expected that in 1998 the newly-opening Kwang Yang-Bay container quay on one hand will play a role in relieving the awaiting-time of vessels in Pusan Port, and on the other hand it will contribute to the balanced development of the country. In this context this thesis conducted Its study on the effect of the specification and facilities of a harbour, and especially on the effect on the regional economy resulted by the development & developmental static of Kwang Yang-Bay container quay. And progressively in the thesis the plan to provide Kwang Yang-Bay container quay with competitiveness was suggested.

In this paper, it is indicated that, currently, foundation of small and medium businesses is generally increasing in number, but the establishment of manufacturing companies is very slow. This is because of many factors interfering with promotion of the opening of small and medium businesses such as endless bakruptcies of the businesses and uncertain perspective. Therefore, it will be expected to encourage people to start business and activate establishment of small and medium sized manufacturing companies by improving tax support systems and providing tax support information services for founed companies and foundation supporting companies.

최근 인터넷 쇼핑몰에서 고객의 충성도에 관한 연구가 다양하게 이루어지고 있다. 또한 쇼핑몰 사용자의 경험적인 측면의 중요성이 제기되면서 많은 연구에서 이를 플로우란 개념으로 설명하고 있다. 본 연구는 인터넷 쇼핑몰에서의 최적 경험으로서의 플로우와 그 동안 인터넷 쇼핑몰 관련 연구에서 고객 충성도와의 긍정적 관계에 대해 논의가 있어온, 신뢰와 만족과의 관계를 공분산 구조 분석을 통해 경쟁 모델화 하여 비교함으로써 우수 모델을 도출하였다. 그 결과 플로우와 신뢰, 만족, 충성도간의 관계를 모두 고려한 포화모델이 우수한 모델로 도출되었다.