This study aims to propose a practical methodology for designing shading devices in curtain-wall buildings, considering heating and cooling loads as well as light environments on a yearly basis from the perspective of designers. The research emphasizes the potential increase in heating loads during winter due to excessive sunshade design. The study focuses on office spaces and determines the most efficient shielding area ratio for each azimuth throughout the year for external shading devices. Subsequently, a parametric shape generation algorithm is developed and used to evaluate the resulting sunshade shapes. The findings of this research are as follows: Firstly, horizontal shades are generally more effective in blocking sunlight. Secondly, meeting the sDA value threshold in curtain wall facade buildings did not pose significant challenges. However, in the south, southwest, and southeast orientations, the length of horizontal shades required to satisfy the ASE value recommended by LEED substantially increased the heating loads during winter. Consequently, it is more reasonable to regulate ASE through the use of internal movable blinds, depending on the building's orientation. Thirdly, sunshades with the same shielding area ratio for each azimuth exhibited similar heating and cooling load values throughout the year. This allows for the creation of various types of sunshade generation algorithms targeting the optimal shielding area ratio for each azimuth. Finally, the study confirms the feasibility of real-time selection of shading devices by comparing their environmental performance evaluations, including heating and cooling loads, sDA, and ASE, based on shades generated by the algorithm.

This research focuses on documenting modern architectural heritage with the aim of enhancing the efficiency of this process using Building Information Modeling (BIM) in construction. The study involves an examination of the concepts and workflows of Modern architectural BIM and Documented BIM, highlighting their differences. Through a case study of Choheungsanghoe in Incheon, this research identifies the types of information and information input features required in the Documented BIM process. In conclusion, the Documented BIM for modern architectural heritage can significantly improve efficiency by refining workflows and enhancing data granularity. For modern architectural heritage like Choheungsanghoe in Incheon, which lacks mandatory regulations and official support, the aging process can easily lead to damage, alteration, or loss. However, Documented BIM, as a preservation record, serves as an effective tool to address these challenges and needs.

This research aimed to identify planning and building methods of contemporary earthen architecture that can also be reliable in Korean context. Thus, this research compared and analyzed 21 earth building norms and regulations of 7 countries and regions across 4 continents.: ARSO(African Regional Standard Organization), India, Sri Lanka (above Asia), Germany, France (above Europe), New Zealand and Australia (above Oceania). As an analysis framework, the contents of all norms and regulations were categorized according to the construction process of a building, and according to the life cycle phase of an earthen architecture. In addition, all contents were reclassified into a total of 48 subcategories based on technical elements. Above all, it is quite certain that an earth building technology system coordinated for our society can be established by combining legitimate contemporary earth building technologies and techniques in other societies with earth building technology developed in ours. Then, it is imperative to have a production and supply system that enable us to intuitively convince the performance and quality of earth building materials and elements such as French and German classification systems. Lastly, there's no doubt that contemporary earth building technology is not limited to existing construction methods for structural elements, but is evolving by converging with other construction technologies and expanding its value and scope. This means that earth building technology, which had been stagnant while reinforced concrete and steel dominated the mainstream of architecture, is beating its own pathway again.

This study delves into the synergy between medical technology and architectural planning, addressing the pressing need for specialized environments that can facilitate the development and validation of innovative medical devices. The swift evolution of medical technology often surpasses the adaptability of current healthcare infrastructure, hindered by stringent regulations aimed at ensuring public health safety. To bridge this gap, this research introduces a comprehensive architectural plan for a dedicated Medical Technology Experiment Simulator. This simulator replicates various healthcare settings to support rigorous and realistic medical technology experiments. The planning principles for this endeavor revolve around stability, representation, standardization, and adaptability. These principles are derived from thorough analysis of existing simulator usage studies, medical facility design guidelines, and relevant laws and regulations. The specific requirements and performance conditions of those participating in experiments were also taken into account. The proposed architectural plan for this simulator is expected to foster advancements in medical device development, improve healthcare infrastructure, and drive innovation in healthcare through simulation-based training and research. This study lays the groundwork for the future development of efficient and safe medical technology experiment simulators, making a significant contribution to healthcare research.

Within the realm of Korean modern architecture, young architects emerging post-2000 primarily denote those who have earned the Korean Young Architect Award. They exhibit distinctive traits setting them apart from the previous generation of architects. These young architects are gaining recognition as a new wave in contemporary Korean architecture, sparking expanded discussions about youth in this context. This study delves into the youth of these young architects and explores the changes in their work, influenced by shifts in the housing market. It emphasizes that young architects now engage in various everyday projects, often small in scale, such as single-family houses, multi-family houses, and community living facilities. To set their work apart from traditional architecture, they employ a defamiliarization technique, aiming to disrupt the ordinary. Drawing inspiration from Russian formalism in literature, this study derives defamiliarization techniques and applies them to analyze the works of young architects.

This study commences by addressing questions related to the participation of key stakeholders in the initial planning of public buildings. The objective is to determine how to enhance their role in the public building process. To achieve this, a survey was conducted involving 80 key stakeholders to identify their awareness and requirements for improvement within the existing legal and systemic framework. Furthermore, a problem within the comprehensive public building process was verified through case analysis of various public building projects. The improvement direction was subsequently derived and categorized into both the organizational and structural aspects. Nevertheless, it is important to acknowledge that this study does not present a specific plan for implementing these improvements. In the future, it will be essential to explore practical and specific action steps through institutional and policy research applicable to the domestic context.

This study focuses on identifying design elements that improve user experience and satisfaction through the use of Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE), a methodology rooted in environmental psychology. The library at "A" Elementary School in Seoul was selected for this investigation, as it underwent a 2022 restructuring initiative led by the Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education. Research methods included reviewing previous POE studies, administering surveys, performing spatial analysis, and conducting interviews. Surveys were conducted with library users before and after the renovation to assess satisfaction levels, spatial preferences, and usability. Interviews further enriched the survey findings. The data revealed that, despite frequent use during class sessions, group learning spaces received lower satisfaction scores compared to other areas. This was primarily due to teacher-centric book placements and furniture designs that limited seating flexibility. Excluding these group learning areas, all reading spaces received high satisfaction ratings, often exceeding 4 out of 5. This indicated that a variety of reading spaces significantly influenced user satisfaction and preference. Concerning post-renovation library usability, factors such as the visibility of the library entrance, the presence of rest and reading areas, and unobstructed movement within the library played a central role in enhancing overall user satisfaction. It was also determined that the renovation increased interest in space usage, leading to more frequent library visits. This research underscores the importance of POE in evaluating and improving the effectiveness of educational space design. It illustrates how insights into user satisfaction and behavior can be valuable in optimizing school space restructuring.

The study's goal is to categorize surface weathering types and define their characteristics for the design of building exteriors with weathering in mind. It then aims to validate these types and characteristics through architectural case analyses. Additionally, it challenges the conventional perspective that considers a building complete upon finishing construction by examining the alterations to building exteriors caused by weathering. This study is structured into two main parts: a theoretical exploration of weathering and an analysis of architectural case studies. In the theoretical investigation, weathering on building surfaces is categorized into three types: erosion, staining, and discoloration. These weathering types are associated with features like irregularity in exteriors, blending with neighboring buildings, and the representation of traces. The architectural case studies consist of three specific instances in two categories: parapets and staining on exterior walls, and discoloration of finishing materials. To assess the methods and outcomes of incorporating weathering on exteriors in each case, an analysis is conducted based on the architect's original intent, design approach, and the changes in the exterior. This analysis revealed that the alterations in building exteriors due to weathering can be turned into positive elements, depending on contextual factors such as the surrounding environment or building purpose. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that the perception of a building's completeness can change based on the architect's intentions or users' interpretations of weathering effects. The significance of this study lies in recognizing the potential of weathering on building surfaces to facilitate the design of sustainable exteriors requiring minimal maintenance.

This study explored preferences for Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) as a visual medium for evaluating building designs and compared awareness of building design elements through a survey, contrasting with other visual media. The research results revealed a preference for IVR over other visual media. Although preferences were somewhat higher among males, individuals under 30 years old, and those affiliated with undergraduate programs, these differences did not show statistical significance. IVR emerged as the most favored visual medium, with perceived reality as the most crucial factor in user experience (92.3%). Differences in perceived reality related to participant characteristics were statistically significant in education levels (Undergraduate: 4.000, Postgraduate: 3.414). In terms of building design elements, differences in reality among various visual media were statistically significant, except for color in photos and videos. The most significant differences in the perception of reality among building design elements within a visual medium were observed in photos (P=0.243). The reality of materials, less prominent in photos, notably improved in IVR, with the difference diminishing to a statistically insignificant level (P: 0.01-->0.001). Differences in the perceived reality of different types of building design elements also displayed statistical significance.

In the banquets planned by Crown Prince Hyomyung during the period of the reign of Crown Prince Hyomyung, an original space and stage were composed, and a creative stage was produced. A simple stage appears in the new Jeongjae during the period of cleanliness of Crown Prince Hyomyung. A simple stage with Yundae (輪臺) in Chundaeokchok, Daemoban (玳瑁盤) in Musanhyang, Yeongji (影池) in Yeongji, Chaeseon (彩船) in Seonyurak (船遊樂), and Danseok (單席) in Chunnaengjeon. was produced and installed on the pagoda according to the order of installation. Chaeseon of Seonyurak inherited the stage of the previous period, and Musanhyang, Yeongji, Chunaengjeon, and Chundaeokchok were newly created. The great rebellion of Musan-hyang and the danseok of Chun-eeng-jeon were inherited after that, and the Yeong-ji was changed to a jidang plate and inherited. Yoondae appears only during the period of Crown Prince Hyomyeong. Among the simple stages attempted during the period of Crown Prince Hyomyeong, the Yundae (輪臺) is the largest in scale, followed by the Great Rebellion (玳瑁盤), Youngji (影池), and Danseok. In the case of Yundae, Great Rebellion, and Danseok, Muwon (舞員) goes up and spreads the government, but Yeongji has a characteristic that no person climbs. The size of the simple stage is in the order of ring belt, great nevus, youngji, and short stone. It can be seen that the ring belt has the highest size and artistry, and the practicality is single stone, and the ring belt with limited mobility has not been inherited. Among the creative renditions attempted during the period of Crown Prince Hyomyeong, Chundae Okchok, Musanhyang, Yeongji, and Chunaeengjeon were characteristic renditions that appeared during Yeongyeongdangjinjak, and they built a special stage according to the rendition to enhance the perfection of the rendition. Yeongyeongdang installed the fences of the south gate and the east gate as temporary boards for the efficiency of the space for the banquet. It was a convenient space configuration to move the stage, such as the Great Rebellion and Youngji. Crown Prince Hyomyeong, who conducted the politics of Yehyang, created a splendid simple stage to show the political system in Yeonhyang and reflected it in the Jeongjae (呈才).

'Woochonjang' plays a pivotal role in contextualizing Kim Swoo Geun's famous work, 'SPACE'. When examining Kim's architectural journey across different periods, an evident transformation is observed before and after the creation of 'Woochonjang.' However, because 'Woochonjang' was a residential building that was later demolished, it did not receive much attention from academia. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of 'Woochonjang' and reevaluate its significance within Kim's body of work. Since 'Woochonjang' was inspired by Kim's visit to Israel, this research investigates the International Architecture Conference in Israel and explores the regional features of Israeli vernacular villages. This investigation revealed three key architectural traits of 'Woochonjang': a distinctive fragmented design and spatial layout, a sloping landscape shaped by well-placed stairways, and formation of semi-interior·semi-exterior spaces. This study holds significant value as it illuminates the importance of 'Woochonjang' and broadens the horizon for interpreting Kim's architectural works beyond traditionalism.

The Panjeon or Scripture Hall at Bongeunsa Temple in Gangnam is renowned for Chusa Kim Jeong-hee's calligraphy, yet its architectural aspects have received limited attention. However, the Bongeunsa Panjeon represents an architectural feat shaped by the deep thought and effort of its designer. To begin, Bongeunsa Panjeon serves a dual purpose, safeguarding Hwaeomgyeong scriptures and hosting rituals. It's also a rare structure revealing the identity of its architect. This architect, Chimgye Minyeol, was a former monk who worked as a craftsman for nearly 40 years in the late 19th century. Bongeunsa Panjeon marked his first venture as a temple builder. Chimgye Minyeol ingeniously used chung-ryang or transverse beams to merge the two functions while ensuring structural stability. Typically, chung-ryang were employed to reinforce lateral forces in roof designs like paljak-jibung or gable-and hipped roof and ujingak-jibung or hipped roof. Furthermore, the two hab-bos or coupled beams at the back of the Panjeon, supporting the gable roof, are combined in their arrangement. This hints at the possibility of reusing components from other structures. Instead of entirely constructing new elements, Bongeunsa Panjeon likely extended existing buildings or recycled architectural materials from elsewhere. This inclination to reuse materials and components is a familiar practice in palace architecture as well. Bongeunsa Panjeon skillfully addresses the architectural challenges of the early 19th century, establishing it as a valuable architectural achievement.

The purpose of this study is to classify the environment-friendly factors within their current apartment house residences for the residents of environment-friendly apartment houses to identify the impact of the environment-friendly factors on their residential satisfaction and willingness to continue residing in these residences. For this study, 465 residents of the new town areas in Jingwan-dong (Eunpyeong-gu,) Gileum-dong (Seongbuk-gu,) and the Hawangshipri-dong (Seongdong-gu), all in Seoul, were surveyed and the data collected from the survey were analyzed. The findings of this study were as follows; firstly, the factors of the environment-friendly apartment houses, which were, respectively, land use, transportation, energy resources, environmental burden, indoor environment, and ecological environment, were all found to be with a positive impact on residential satisfaction. Secondly, the factors of the environment-friendly apartment houses, which were, respectively, land use, transportation, ecological environment, and indoor environment, had a positive impact on the willingness to continue residence. Thirdly, residential satisfaction with environment-friendly apartment houses turned out to have a positive impact on the willingness to continue residence. Fourth, in the relationship between the factors of environment-friendly apartment houses, which were, respectively, land use, transportation, energy resources, environmental burden, ecological environment, indoor environment, and the willingness to continue residence, residential satisfaction was found to have a significant mediating effect for all of them. Therefore, since being an environment-friendly apartment house can be a decisive factor for the willingness to continue residence in an apartment house, the study indicates that efforts must be made to realize the development of sustainable development of apartment houses while encouraging such a development to be resource-efficient and nature-friendly, to enhance the quality of life of the residents.

This study aims to establish criteria for designing medical local ventilation purifiers, enhancing safety for healthcare workers treating suspected, high-risk infectious patients by preventing the spread of airborne infectious bacteria. To achieve this, there were cases and technological trends investigated of local ventilation purifiers used in medical settings both domestically and internationally. Experiments that simulated real medical treatment scenarios for healthcare workers were conducted using an industrial hooded local exhaust device. These experiments assessed the device's ability to remove particles and trace gases. According to the SPS-KACA002-132 standard, in strong wind operation mode, the device achieved a particle removal capacity of 55.2 % for (0.3±0.1) um-sized particles and 54 % for (0.5±0.1)um-sized particles. The airflow velocity of the hooded local exhaust system varied with the installation angle, with the highest central air velocity (0.71 m/s) observed at a 45° installation angle, corresponding to the range of (0.5 ~ 1.0) m/s based on the second stage of ASHRAE industrial exhaust hoods (a total of 4 stages). The trace gas removal performance was optimal at the 45° installation angle. It's worth noting that the performance of the local ventilation purification device was evaluated using the spatial unit evaluation method. However, this method has limitations as it primarily considers local effects. In future studies, additional factors such as noise and vibration should be considered.

Korea announced a plan to increase the proportion of renewable energy among domestic power generation to 20% by 2030. Among them, the wind power generation system is aiming to achieve a power generation facility capacity of 17GW. But the rapidly increasing wind power generation system is greatly affected by the climate and the issue of power supply variability is being raised. In addition, due to the difference in mandatory supply and weighting between the government and power generation business man, actualization measures are steadily being raised, and environmental damage is continuously running, so the reasonable and efficient system re-organization is required. On that account, our study conducted a comparative analysis about the amount of wind power generation on wind plant and the city's electricity consumption.Based on the empirical analysis data, we predicted the amount of wind power generation by wind plant through multiple linear regression analysis. These studies are judged on contributing to the efficiency of the targeting area's wind power plant and the evaluation to the independence of power energy in the targeting city.

To reduce energy consumption in non-residential buildings, the government has introduced a policy offering loan interest support for green remodeling costs. However, this policy's effectiveness has been proven ineffective due to its complex and costly building selection process. This study proposes simplifying the selection criteria by targeting buildings with high primary energy consumption of 260 kWh/(m² y) or more, small total floor areas of less than 500 m², and older construction built before 2008, for support. Additionally, measures are suggested to provide green remodeling operators with information about financially troubled buildings that received subpar evaluations under the Building Management Act. This aims to encourage green remodeling businesses to consult owners of such buildings on the economic benefits of the interest support system, ultimately promoting the transformation of financially troubled buildings into green remodels. This policy proposal is expected to boost green remodeling in private non-residential buildings.

The drive for Zero Energy Building Certification (ZEB) is gaining momentum to boost the energy efficiency of new buildings and work towards a carbon-free future by 2050. As of 2023, public buildings with over 500 square meters of floor space are required to attain ZEB Certification, and this requirement will extend to private buildings in 2025. Since neighborhood facilities make up a significant portion of these new buildings, the impact of this extension will be substantial. To prepare for the mandatory ZEB Certification for private buildings, this study conducted a comparative analysis of the Building Energy Efficiency Rating (BEER) System and ZEB Certification for neighborhood facilities. The energy performance and essential technologies for these structures were also analyzed.

This research examines how climate change impacts building systems, specifically in adapting outdoor conditions for cooling system design. Over a 40-year period, data from 131,760 daily climate points in nine cities consistently revealed a temperature rise of at least 1.5℃. Additionally, analysis of 46,920 daily maximum temperatures showed that the number of days when cooling systems fall short due to outdoor conditions exceeding design limits was approaching 30 days. By analyzing hourly meteorological data from Seoul over the past decade, this study assessed changes compared to current outdoor design conditions. The temperature distribution, with a 1.0% risk rate, averaged 32.4℃(DB)/25.7℃(WB) throughout the year. During the cooling season, with a 2.5% risk, it reached 32.7℃(DB)/25.8℃(WB), deviating from the current energy-saving standard of 31.2℃(DB)/25.5℃(WB). In a case study of an office building in Seoul, the research compared the peak cooling load under current design conditions referred to as Baseline with the load under outdoor conditions referred to as Case 1, carrying a 2.5% risk during the cooling season. These findings revealed a 17.9% increase in the building's heat transfer load. Consequently, the equipment capacity within the cooling system increased by 7.9% for the AHU and 9.1% for the plant and pump systems. This resulted in an overall 8.5% increase in the power requirements of the equipment.

This study introduces the reference case for enhancing G-SEED for detached houses and explores the application of fuel cell systems in houses. The study aims to offer technical data to inform future policy decisions and building design choices in hydrogen-based cities. The focus of this study is a single detached house within a townhouse-style housing complex equipped with a 1kW PEM hydrogen fuel cell and a photovoltaic system as the main energy source. It also utilizes electricity from the power grid and natural gas as secondary energy sources. This house, referred to as the hydrogen house, was constructed as a demonstration building. The hydrogen house achieved an outstanding G-SEED rating of Green 2, with a total score of 66.89 points, highlighting its eco-friendliness. It particularly excelled in the energy and environmental pollution category, scoring 23.33 points due to the distinctive characteristics of the hydrogen house. The concept and design details of the hydrogen house are presented, and its features are analyzed within the framework of G-SEED certification.

Recently, the construction industry using wood is increasing. Due to the development of various joint connections of column-beam and laminated wood, wooden structures have met the standards for constructing buildings with five or more floors. However, most wooden structures in Korea are two-story or less buildings that are not subject to structural safety confirmation. This is a limitation of domestic wood structure construction technology, which lacks professional manpower and design experience, and indicates the need for research on the design of wood structure buildings. Therefore, in this study, the behavior characteristics of wooden structure buildings against horizontal force are identified through experiments. As a result, it was confirmed that the frame resists the vertical load and the wall resists the horizontal load in the heavy-wood structure building.

Steel modular buildings are growing in popularity because of its affordability, rapidity of construction, and sustainability. As the demand for modular construction methods applied to high-rise buildings increases today, strength design of modular nodes is very important in terms of safety and serviceability. This paper presented to conduct tensile, compression, and bending experiments according to the components of the modular nodes for each location and verify the performance of the modular nodes compared to the FEM analysis accordingly. This paper presents a new and innovative modular steel construction method for Design for Manufacture and Assembly (DfMA) that uses innovative connectors fabricated by a casting method using 3D-sand printed mold, and rectangular steel section (RHS) members. The paper describes the novel modular connectors, as well as the test method and findings, the development of a finite element model, and a parametric investigation.

Reinforced concrete members undergo energy dissipation as they experience pinching and a reduction in both stiffness and strength during hysteretic behavior. Thus, it is crucial to adequately account for the hysteretic behavior characteristics of materials and members in nonlinear time history analysis. The energy dissipation coefficient, which measures how energy is lost during cyclic behavior, is expected to decrease as the behavior progresses. However, current guidelines referred to as AIK-B-2021-001 suggest a single energy dissipation factor for each member. In this study, changes were observed in the energy dissipation coefficient of coupling beams based on existing experimental results and nonlinear time history analysis using the Shear Hinge Displacement Type element of Perform 3D. A model was established for the hysteretic behavior to determine the idealized elastoplastic energy. In conclusion, it was found that the energy dissipation coefficient decreased as the hysteretic behavior advanced, and this change was quantified.

This study presents an approach to model the horizontal connections of precast concrete (PC) panels as elastic link elements, utilizing PC cores as the lateral force-resisting system for a 15-story modular building. While in situ concrete (RC) cores are commonly used for lateral force resistance in mid- to high-rise modular buildings, the substantial onsite work requirements can reduce construction efficiency. To tackle this issue, there is ongoing research on using PC cores as an alternative solution, with instances of commercial use observed abroad. PC core components include 3D boxes and 2D panels, with limited use of 3D boxes due to their weight. When forming a core shear wall with 2D PC panels, both horizontal and vertical connections are typically needed for proper design. Unlike RC cores, PC cores lack a continuous concrete structure, resulting in reduced stiffness. To represent this stiffness reduction in commercial analysis programs, a reference stiffness simulating the behavior of monolithic walls has been established. This study also examined the seismic and wind performance of the 15-story modular building in light of stiffness reduction.

In this study, concrete crack widths were quantified by converting boundary sub-pixels, which were calculated using the Gradient Variation Vector, into 3D ground coordinates following photogrammetry principles. A series of experiments was conducted to validate the proposed method. Initially, twelve virtual cracks of different widths were affixed to a wall, and image-based measurements were conducted. Additionally, field tests entailed capturing images of real cracks on structural surfaces and measuring crack widths at four specified distances for precision assessment. The results revealed distinct patterns. In the virtual crack experiment, a noticeable trend emerged: as crack width decreased and imaging distance increased, measurement errors tended to increase. Conversely, in the actual crack experiment, a consistent trend in measurement accuracy was absent when compared to the virtual crack scenarios. Deviations remained generally minimal, and despite variations, measurement errors stayed largely consistent

Traditional Korean roof tiles stand out as a key element in Korea's distinctive architectural style, making it crucial to safeguard their production techniques and maintain their use. In line with these preservation efforts, this study explored the quality standards and evaluation methods of these Korean roof tiles. Experiments were carried out on three roof tile types, following the evaluation method outlined in the standard specifications for cultural heritage restoration. Additionally, chemical and microstructural analyses were undertaken to grasp the factors influencing tile performance. The results of these experiments revealed that the primary factor influencing roof tile performance is not the molding method, but rather the firing conditions. Consequently, the current standard, which classifies quality based on the molding method, is overly lenient toward handmade roof tiles fired in modern kilns. Regarding the frost resistance test method, which assesses the most critical aspect of roof tile performance, it was found that subjectivity can be involved in visual inspections, and 10 freeze-thaw cycles may not accurately gauge frost resistance. Therefore, the development of a more objective and efficient quality evaluation method is deemed necessary.

Public housing expansion policies have traditionally focused on increasing supply to alleviate housing shortages for those with financial constraints. However, this approach has inadvertently led to housing inequality among residents, contributing to negative perceptions of public rental housing. Despite efforts by various stakeholders to understand residents' needs, there remain limitations in providing housing that truly satisfies residents. This study seeks to identify the key factors influencing the satisfaction of public rental housing residents, enabling housing administrators to tailor strategies to different types and policy objectives. By analyzing 21 factors, quality, safety, image, environment, and cost were identified as the main factors significantly linked to positive perceptions. Furthermore, whether the importance of these factors varied across the five types of public rental housing was examined. Through Ordered Logistic Regression analysis, it was discovered that safety and image were consistently related to resident satisfaction across all categories. Additionally, a one-way Analysis of Variance revealed that disaster safety and structural safety hold varying degrees of importance depending on the type of public rental housing. Residents of Happiness Housing prioritized disaster and structural safety more than other factors. This study's findings offer valuable insights for public housing providers, enabling them to pinpoint areas for improvement based on housing types and provide policy recommendations to reshape residents' attitudes through customized residential environment planning, ultimately enhancing satisfaction.

This study is aims to enhance the effectiveness of architectural supervision in response due to a series of recent construction accidents, which have eroded trust in the overall supervision process. The role of a supervisor involves ensuring that buildings meet legal requirements and adhere to the design specifications. and they are responsible for managing quality, construction, and safety throughout the project's duration. However, several challenges hinder a smooth supervision process, including supervisor aging and expertise, service fees, and regulatory support. To address these issues, this study evaluates existing practices, reviews relevant regulations and prior research on construction supervision, Study on the standards for education and training of supervisors, analyzes supervision fees under different laws, and examines case studies of supervision performance. These assessments lead to recommendations to improve supervision effectiveness, establish reasonable supervision fees and engineers deployment plan, and enhance the regulatory framework to elevate the quality of supervision work.

The estimation of the appropriate construction period in the construction project is one of the main factors for successfully completing the project. Various artificial intelligence technologies have been developed and various efforts have been made to improve prediction performance during the construction period by applying them, but it is still difficult to accurately predict the construction period. It is judged that the predictive performance of the learning data during the construction period may be poor due to the large deviation of the data between the independent variable and the dependent variable. In this study, it was intended to improve the predictive performance of the construction period by reducing the data deviation through the normalization of the dependent and independent variables of the training data. In this study, a total of 953 data from by the PPS(Public Procurement Service) in Korea were used for five years from 2017 to 2022, and to reduce the relative difference between independent and dependent variable data, three models were defined, and the training results were compared and analyzed. As a result of the analysis, it is judged that the model using Log normalization has the best prediction performance.

The enactment of the Serious Accident Punishment Act has increased the importance of safety management for clients. Nevertheless, in defense and military facility projects, the existing safety management system has not experienced significant changes due to challenges related to access control, hazardous conditions, and limited expertise. Consequently, this situation has resulted in industrial accidents stemming from differing safety management perspectives among stakeholders. Moreover, safety management primarily concentrates on accidents during the construction phase, overlooking clients' dual roles as supervisors. This study aims to improve safety management led by clients by analyzing perspectives from clients, contractors, and supervisors regarding factors contributing to client-induced industrial accidents. A comprehensive risk management framework was developed reviewing literature and conducting Focus Group Interviews. Data on stakeholders' perceptions of importance and performance were gathered through questionnaires and significant perception differences were identified using statistical analysis. Importance-performance Analysis further assessed the significance of various factors. These findings revealed disparities in the importance of four factors and the performance of twelve out of twenty factors. Addressing these differences necessitates appropriate levels of supervision and additional training or personnel for on-site oversight. Perception-based variations should be resolved through consensus-building processes led by the owner. This research offers valuable insights and a structured framework for optimizing safety management in owner-led scenarios, particularly in high-risk defense and military facility projects.