The terminal differentiation of odontoblasts is characterized by specific molecular markers that reflect their functional maturity. This review explores both canonical markers, such as Dentin Sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), Dentin Matrix Protein 1 (DMP1), Nestin, and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), and emerging markers like MAP1B, MAP Tau, and β-catenin. These markers offer valuable insights into the regulation of odontoblast differentiation and the maintenance of their polarized, dentin-secreting phenotype. The review further discusses the experimental applications of these markers in in vitro studies, dental tissue engineering, regenerative endodontics, and drug discovery. Canonical markers are utilized to confirm the maturity of odontoblasts and evaluate bioengineered tissues, while emerging markers reveal potential new targets for enhancing dentin repair and regeneration. Additionally, the role of signaling pathways, including Wnt5a, BMP, and integrin-mediated pathways, in supporting the structural and functional characteristics of mature odontoblasts is discussed. By consolidating current knowledge on these markers and pathways, this review aims to advance the understanding of odontoblast biology and contribute to the development of innovative strategies for dental tissue engineering and regenerative therapies.

Inflammaging is known to be an aging-associated chronic, low-grade inflammatory state that significantly influences the pathophysiology of various age-related diseases, including those affecting oral health. This review explores the molecular and cellular mechanisms of inflammaging and its implications in oral pathology. We will review key factors contributing to inflammaging, including cellular senescence, and immune dysregulation, all of which induce pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS). These inflammatory mediators affect oral tissues, predisposing individuals to chronic conditions such as periodontitis, and dental pulp inflammation. Additionally, we will briefly discuss how the oral microbiome is involved in the regulation of inflammaging. Understanding the molecular pathways of inflammaging may provide valuable insights not only into oral health but also into potential health strategies for the aging population.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop an animal model suitable for coronectomy research. Materials and Methods: Eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups: incisor control (InC), incisor flap (InF), incisor non-flap (InNF), molar control (MC), molar flap (MF), and molar non-flap (MNF). Coronectomy was not performed in the control groups (InC and MC). In the incisor (In) groups, coronectomy was performed on the mandibular incisors, with flap elevation in the InF group and without flap elevation in the InNF group. In the molar (M) groups, coronectomy was performed on the maxillary first molar, with flap elevation in the MF group and without flap elevation in the MNF group. The incisor groups were sacrificed on day 7, and the molar groups on days 7 and 14. Clinical healing, tooth movement, and histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. Results: InF and InNF groups showed tooth eruption similar to or the same as that before coronectomy, whereas the MF and MNF groups' roots moved slowly. In InF and InNF groups, the pulp at the maturation zone was mineralized, but apical pulp vitality was maintained. MF and MNF groups showed bacterial infection and inflammation on day 7, with mineralization on day 14; however, apical pulp vitality was maintained. The MF group showed varied healing patterns, whereas the MNF group had consistent results across individuals. Conclusion: Both incisors and molars are meaningful models for coronectomy. However, for consistent experimental results, coronectomy without flap elevation on the maxillary first molar is recommended.

Purpose: This study investigated the impact of the guide hole height on the accuracy of implant placement using CAD/CAM-fabricated surgical guides in resin models. The hypothesis is that decreasing the height of the guide hole reduces placement accuracy. Materials and Methods: Ten identical partially edentulous maxillary models were each fitted with surgical guides featuring guide hole heights of 1 mm, 3 mm, and/or 5 mm. Using a surgical guide and drill kit, implants were placed in six predetermined sites per model. Placement accuracy was evaluated by comparing the actual implant positions with the planned positions using digital scanning and computer software analysis. Statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests to determine the significance of deviations at both the coronal and apical positions. Results: The average deviations were 0.75±0.33 mm at the coronal position and 1.10±0.51 mm at the apical position. Placement accuracy did not differ with different guide hole heights. Additionally, errors were consistent regardless of the guide hole height and were not influenced by the type of support or the implant placement site. Conclusion: In this rotro study, varying the height of the guide hole did not significantly affect the accuracy of implant placement. The results suggest that guide hole height within the tested range does not have a substantial impact on placement errors. Our findings indicate that factors other than the guide hole height may play a more critical role in implant placement accuracy.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture strength of zirconia crowns of varying margin thicknesses. Materials and Methods: A model of the maxillary right first molar (Nissin, Kyoto, Japan) was prepared to create an abutment, which was fabricated into a metal die via a 3D metal printer. CAD software (exocad GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany) was used to design the crowns. A total of eight groups were generated: initially separated by margin thickness (0.1 mm and 0.8 mm), and then further divided by horizontal margin widths of 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, and 0.4 mm. Zirconia crowns were designed for each group's working models (N=10). Crown fracture strength was assessed using a universal testing machine (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan), applying a compressive load until fracture and recording the maximum load. A scanning electron microscope was employed to observe fracture patterns. Fracture strength results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, with the Tukey HSD test applied for post-hoc analysis (α=0.05). Results: Zirconia crown fracture strength significantly improved with increased horizontal margin width (P<0.001). However, margin thickness had no statistically significant effect on fracture strength (P=0.513). Conclusion: Optimizing the horizontal margin width of zirconia crowns enhances their durability and performance.

Smile design has transitioned from traditional analog methods to modern digital techniques. This case report presents a smile design technique using a digital workflow facilitated by an application on smart devices as a reference. This approach enables real-time chairside modifications, incorporating the patient's preferences. Furthermore, it improves communication among the patient, clinician, and dental technician, providing an efficient solution for prosthetic rehabilitation.