Journal of Nutrition and Health

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
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Relationship between probiotics intake and allergic diseases in children: using data from the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

어린이의 프로바이오틱스 섭취와 알레르기성 질환과의 관련성: 국민건강영양조사 제8기 (2019-2021년) 자료 이용

  • Hye Won Kim (Department of Food and Nutrition, Anyang University) ;
  • Ji-Myung Kim (Department of Food and Nutrition Science, Shinhan University)
  • Received : 2024.08.20
  • Accepted : 2024.10.14
  • Published : 2024.10.31
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Abstract

Purpose: This study examined the relationship between food and nutrient intake, probiotics intake, and the prevalence of allergic diseases in children, using data from the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2019-2021). Methods: A total of 1,222 children aged one to 11 years were divided into two groups: the probiotics intake group (PRO) and the non-intake group (non-PRO). The study analyzed the general characteristics, food and nutrient intake, and the relationship between probiotics intake and allergic diseases in both groups, stratified according to gender. Results: The prevalence of otitis media was significantly higher in the PRO group than in the non-PRO group (p < 0.01), particularly among girls (p < 0.05). The age at the initial diagnosis of allergic rhinitis (p < 0.05) and sinusitis (p < 0.05) was younger in the PRO group. Regarding food intake per 1,000 g total food intake, the PRO group consumed significantly more vegetables (p < 0.01), fruit (p < 0.05), and eggs (p < 0.05) but less milk (p < 0.05) than the non-PRO group. The PRO group also had a higher percentage of energy from carbohydrates (p < 0.05) and carbohydrate intake per 1,000 kcal (p < 0.05) but lower fat (p < 0.05), saturated fatty acids (p < 0.05), and calcium (p < 0.05), thiamine (p < 0.05), and riboflavin (p < 0.05) intakes per 1,000 kcal. The PRO group exhibited a significantly higher risk of allergic rhinitis (p < 0.05) and otitis media (p < 0.01) than the non-PRO group, with these risks being particularly pronounced among girls for otitis media (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Probiotic consumption in children may be associated with allergy-related conditions, such as allergic rhinitis and otitis media, with an association observed in otitis media among girls.

본 연구에서는 국민건강영양조사 제8기(2019-2021년) 자료를 바탕으로 알레르기성 질환을 앓고 있는 만 1-11세 어린이 1,222명의 프로바이오틱스 섭취 여부와 식품 및 영양소 섭취, 알레르기성 질환과의 관련성을 살펴보고자 하였다. 프로바이오틱스 섭취 여부에 따라 섭취군 (PRO군)과 비섭취군 (non-PRO군)으로 나누어서 분석하였는데, 전체 대상 및 여아에서 중이염 유병률이 PRO군에서 더 높았으며, 알레르기성 비염과 부비동염의 최초 진단나이가 non-PRO군보다 어렸다. 전체 대상의 식품과 영양소 섭취에서는, PRO군은 non-PRO군 보다 채소, 과일, 달걀의 섭취량이 더 많았으며, 우유의 섭취량은 적었다. 또한, PRO군에서는 탄수화물 섭취 비율과 섭취량이 더 많았으나 지방 섭취 비율이 낮았고, 지방, 포화지방산, 칼슘, 티아민, 리보플라빈의 섭취량도 적었다. 프로바이오틱스 섭취 유무와 알레르기성 질환의 발생 위험을 분석하였을 때는, 전체 대상에서는 PRO군에서 알레르기성 비염과 중이염 발생 위험이 커졌으며, 성별 층화 분석 시 여아에서만 PRO군에서 중이염 발생 위험이 커졌다. 결론적으로, 어린이의 프로바이오틱스 섭취와 알레르기성 비염과 중이염과 같은 알레르기성 질환과 관련이 있을 것으로 보이며, 여아에서는 중이염과 관련성이 보인다. 이는 식품 및 영양소 섭취 같은 요인도 관여할 것으로 예상한다.

Keywords

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