Journal of Nutrition and Health

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
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Comparison of nutrient intake and Korean Healthy Eating Index among the elderly in rural areas pre- and post- COVID-19 pandemic: the 2018-2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data

농촌지역 남녀노인 대상 COVID-19 전·후 영양소 섭취 및 식생활평가지수 비교: 국민건강영양조사 2018-2021년도 자료를 활용하여

  • Sangyeon Kim (Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang Women's University) ;
  • Hye-Sook Hong (Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University) ;
  • Hae-Jeung Lee (Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University)
  • 김상연 (한양여자대학교 식품영양과) ;
  • 홍혜숙 (가천대학교 노화임상영양연구소) ;
  • 이해정 (가천대학교 노화임상영양연구소)
  • Received : 2024.08.21
  • Accepted : 2024.10.08
  • Published : 2024.10.31
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Abstract

Purpose: This study examined the nutritional status and Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI) scores pre- and post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in elderly men and women living in rural areas. Methods: The participants were 1,747 rural elderly people aged 65 or older who participated in the nutritional survey of the 2018-2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey. The nutrient intake was estimated from a 24-hour recall. Results: Following the COVID pandemic, the intake of fat, saturated fatty acids, and sodium increased in elderly men and women, whereas the intake of thiamine decreased. In elderly men, the intake of protein, niacin, and vitamin D decreased, but the sugar intake increased. In elderly women, the cholesterol intake increased. The KHEI score was significantly lower in rural elderly men and women after the pandemic than before (male: 62.60 ± 0.56 for the post-COVID-19 and 64.76 ± 0.75 for the pre-COVID-19, p < 0.05; female: 64.07 ± 0.80 for the post-COVID-19 and 64.47 ± 0.62 for the post-COVID-19, p < 0.001). Regarding the KHEI component, in men, the intake of meat, fish, and legumes, all sources of protein, decreased significantly after the COVID-19 pandemic. In women, the total food intake and the intake of breakfast decreased significantly after the pandemic. In the moderation components, men were unable to limit their total sugar and sodium intake, while women were unable to control their saturated fatty acids and sodium intake. Furthermore, considering the total KHEI score, both elderly men and women had decreased values in the moderation and adequacy components following COVID-19. Conclusion: These results provide foundational data for elderly nutrition policies or educational programs targeting the elderly population in rural areas in similar pandemic situations in the future.

본 연구는 농촌지역 남녀노인의 영양소 섭취와 식생활평가지수를 통해 COVID-19 팬데믹 전후 식생활이 어떻게 변화되었는지 살펴보고자 한 연구로 남녀노인 공통적으로 팬데믹 이후 영양소 섭취에서 지방, 포화지방산, 나트륨의 섭취가 높았고 식생활평가지수에서는 지방에너지 섭취비율 점수가 높았으며, 나트륨의 섭취를 절제하는 점수는 낮게 나타나 영양소 섭취와 식생활평가지수에서 일치하는 결과를 나타냈다. 반면에 팬데믹 이후의 영양소 섭취에서 티아민의 섭취는 유의적으로 낮게 나타났고 식생활평가지수의 충분도 영역에서 '총 과일의 섭취'와 '신선한 과일의 섭취'점수는 팬데믹 유행 이후에 낮았다. 남자노인의 경우, 여자노인과 다르게 팬데믹 이후 단백질의 섭취가 유의적으로 낮았고 식생활평가지수의 충분도 영역에서 '육류·생선·난류·콩류 섭취'가 유의적으로 낮았다. 또한, 비타민 A와 비타민 D의 섭취도 낮았다. 여자노인의 경우, 남자노인과 달리 팬데믹 이후 단백질, 콜레스테롤의 섭취는 높은 반면에 철의 섭취는 유의적으로 낮았다. 이상으로, 본 연구의 결과가 향후 유사한 팬데믹을 대비하여 농촌지역에 거주하는 노인을 위한 영양정책의 수립이나 국가·지자체 식생활 중재사업을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있기를 기대한다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by Hanyang Women's University research fund for the second semester of 2022.

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