DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Comparison of Antioxidant Activity and Compounds by Purification Method of MD Pharmacopuncture

MD약침의 정제법별 항산화 활성 및 성분의 함량 비교

  • Received : 2024.09.17
  • Accepted : 2024.10.04
  • Published : 2024.10.31

Abstract

Objectives MD pharmacopuncture are medicine developed for immune-related treatments, consisting of wild ginseng, Cordyceps militaris, and Amomum xanthoides. Due to the characteristics of the active ingredients of each herbal medicine, they are prepared using an extraction and purification method. We attempted to confirm standardization and efficacy for the proper development of MD pharmacopuncture. Methods Method validation was carried out to establish a method for analyzing the compounds of MD pharmacopuncture. To justify the purification process, the content of index compounds by high performance liquid chromatography and antioxidant activity by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2-azino bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and ferric reducing antioxidant power were measured and compared for each purification step. To measure the activity of MD pharmacopuncture, they were compared with wild ginseng pharmacopuncture prepared with wild ginseng using antioxidant activitys. Results The index compounds of MD pharmacopuncture were selected as cordycepin and ginsenoside Rg1. As purification was further carried out, the content of index compounds and activity increased, confirming the need for a purification process. Comparing the activity of wild ginseng pharmacopuncture and MD pharmacopuncture, it was confirmed that the activity of MD pharacopuncture was higher at most concentrations. Conclusions When developing a new herbal medicine prescription, research based on the three major elements of medicine-stability, safety, and efficacy-is needed to scientifically and standardize herbal medicine.

Keywords

References

  1. Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute Science Committee. Pharmacopuncturology. 2nd ed. Seoul:Elsevier Korea. 2011:3-241. 
  2. Park JK, Kim KH. A survey on uncovered services in national health insurance of traditional Korean medicine institution. Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine. 2017;21(3):43-50.  https://doi.org/10.25153/spkom.2017.21.3.005
  3. Lee JY, Han YJ, Kim JH, Kim YJ, Kwon KR. Type analysis of pharmacopuncture papers published in the Journal of Korean Institute of Pharmacopuncture. Journal of Pharmacopuncture. 2006;9(3):147-54.  https://doi.org/10.3831/KPI.2006.9.3.147
  4. Baik SI, Ahn JC, Kim YJ, Kim HS, Kwon KR. Type analysis of pharmacopuncture papers published in the Journal of Korean Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Journal of Acupuncture Research. 2006;23(6):19-27. 
  5. Ha TY, Lee JH. Bacteriological and immunological studies on Panax ginseng. The Korean Journal of Immunology. 1979;1(1):45-52. 
  6. Liou CJ, Li ML, Tseng J. Intraperitoneal injection of ginseng extract enhances both immunoglobulin and cytokine production in mice. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine. 2004;32(1):75-88.  https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X04001771
  7. Choi JH. The mystery of ginseng. Seoul:Gyumunsa. 1984:13-4. 
  8. Baek SH, Lee IH, Kim MJ, Kim EJ, Ha IH, Lee JH, Lee JW. Component analysis and toxicity study of combined cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture. The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine. 2015;36(2):189-99. 
  9. Kim YJ, Lee JM, Lee E. Immunomodulatory activity of cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture. Korean Journal of Acupuncture. 2010;27(1):31-47. 
  10. Min BI, Kim HH, Seo IB, Kwon KR. Antitumor effects and protective effects against doxorubicin-induced testicular toxicity of cultivated wild ginseng extract in the B16/F10 melanoma-bearing C57BL/6 mice. Journal of Pharmacopuncture. 2007;10(1):85-100.  https://doi.org/10.3831/KPI.2007.10.1.085
  11. Kim K, Choi YS, Joo JC, Moon G. A case report for lung cancer patient showing remission treated with cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture. Journal of Pharmacopuncture. 2011;14(4):33-8.  https://doi.org/10.3831/KPI.2011.14.4.033
  12. Scaglione F, Cattaneo G, Alessandria M, Cogo R. Efficacy and safety of the standardised ginseng extract G115 for potentiating vaccination against the influenza syndrome and protection against the common cold [corrected]. Drugs under Experimental and Clinical Research. 1996;22(2):65-72. 
  13. Scaglione F, Ferrara F, Dugnani S, Falchi M, Santoro G, Fraschini F. Immunomodulatory effects of two extracts of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. Drugs under Experimental and Clinical Research. 1990;16(10):537-42. 
  14. Wu L, Sun H, Hao Y, Zheng X, Song Q, Dai S, Zhu Z. Chemical structure and inhibition on α-glucosidase of the polysaccharides from Cordyceps militaris with different developmental stages. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2020;148:722-36.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.178
  15. Kong XR, Zhu ZY, Zhang XJ, Zhu YM. Effects of Cordyceps polysaccharides on pasting properties and in vitro starch digestibility of wheat starch. Food Hydrocolloids. 2020;102:105604. 
  16. Xiong Y, Zhang S, Xu L, Song B, Huang G, Lu J, Guan S. Suppression of T-cell activation in vitro and in vivo by cordycepin from Cordyceps militaris. Journal of Surgical Research. 2013;185(2):912-22.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2013.06.057
  17. Yang CH, Kao YH, Huang KS, Wang CY, Lin LW. Cordyceps militaris and mycelial fermentation induced apoptosis and autophagy of human glioblastoma cells. Cell Death & Disease. 2012;3(11):e431. 
  18. Yamaguchi T, Takizawa F, Fischer U, Dijkstra JM. Along the axis between type 1 and type 2 immunity; principles conserved in evolution from fish to mammals. Biology. 2015;4(4):814-59.  https://doi.org/10.3390/biology4040814
  19. Lee DY, Kim WS, Lee HS, Yi YW, Jo JH, Lee IH. Study on antioxidant activity and standardization of FDY003. The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine. 2019;40(6):1112-21.  https://doi.org/10.22246/jikm.2019.40.6.1112
  20. Lee IH, Lee DY. FDY003 inhibits colon cancer in a Colo205 xenograft mouse model by decreasing oxidative stress. Pharmacognosy Magazine. 2019;15(65):675-81.  https://doi.org/10.4103/pm.pm_650_18
  21. Kim JH, Cho MR, Ryu CR, Chae WS. Effects of Cordyceps militaris mycelia (CMM) oral administration and herbal acupuncture at BL13, LU4 on asthma induced by ovalbumin in rats. Journal of Acupuncture Research. 2002;19(2):39-50. 
  22. Kim JH, Yoon DH, Na CS, Cho MR, Yoon YC, Chae WS. Effects of Cordyceps militaris mycelia (CMM) oral administration and herbal acupuncture at Shinsu (BL23), Tae-gye (K3) on expression of aquaporin-2 protein water channels in the kidney and the renal function in rats with renal failure by uninephrectomy. Journal of Acupuncture Research. 2005;22(1):61-75. 
  23. Jiang YX, Chen Y, Yang Y, Chen XX, Zhang DD. Screening five qi-tonifying herbs on M2 phenotype macrophages. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2019;2019:9549315. 
  24. Kim HG, Han JM, Lee JS, Lee JS, Son CG. Ethyl acetate fraction of Amomum xanthioides improves bile duct ligation-induced liver fibrosis of rat model via modulation of pro-fibrogenic cytokines. Scientific Reports. 2015;5:14531. 
  25. Kwon KB, Kim JH, Lee YR, Lee HY, Jeong YJ, Rho HW, Ryu DG, Park JW, Park BH. Amomum xanthoides extract prevents cytokine-induced cell death of RINm5F cells through the inhibition of nitric oxide formation. Life Sciences. 2003;73(2):181-91.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(03)00267-4
  26. Lee DY, Choi BS, Lee IH, Kim JH, Gwon PS. Comparison of index compounds content and antioxidative activity of wild ginseng pharmacopuncture by extraction methods. The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine. 2018;39(3):313-22.  https://doi.org/10.22246/jikm.2018.39.3.313
  27. Kim JS, Kim KL. Anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of Artemisiae capillaris extract. Korean Journal of Aesthetics and Cosmetology. 2015;13(6):805-12. 
  28. Arnao MB, Cano A, Acosta M. The hydrophilic and lipophilic contribution to total antioxidant activity. Food Chemistry. 2001;73(2):239-44.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(00)00324-1
  29. Ryu HJ, Jung CJ, Beik GY. Antioxidant activities of flower, berry and leaf of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2020;52(4):342-9.  https://doi.org/10.9721/KJFST.2020.52.4.342
  30. Lee JH, Kim MJ, Lee JW, Kim MR, Lee IH, Kim EJ. Comparison of the ingredient quantities, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Hwangryunhaedok decoction pharmacopuncture by preparation type. The Acupuncture. 2014;31(4):45-55.  https://doi.org/10.13045/acupunct.2014053
  31. Wang CQ, Yi LW, Zhao L, Zhou YZ, Guo F, Huo YS, Zhao DQ, Xu F, Wang X, Cai SQ. 177 saponins, including 11 new compounds in wild ginseng tentatively identified via HPLC-IT-TOF-MSn, and differences among wild ginseng, ginseng under forest, and cultivated ginseng. Molecules. 2021;26(11):3371. 
  32. Jedrejko KJ, Lazur J, Muszynska B. Cordyceps militaris: an overview of its chemical constituents in relation to biological activity. Foods. 2021;10(11):2634. 
  33. Gao C, Zhu M, Xu W, Wang Y, Xiong L, Sun D, Sun M, Lin Y, Li H, Chen L. Chemical constituents from the stems and leaves of Amomum villosum Lour. and their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Bioorganic Chemistry. 2023;131:106281. 
  34. Jiang Z, Zhou Y, Lu F, Han Z, Wang T. Effects of different levels of supplementary alpha-amylase on digestive enzyme activities and pancreatic amylase mRNA expression of young broilers. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences. 2008;21(1):97-102.  https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2008.70110
  35. Lee DH, Kim HH, Cho HJ, Yu YB, Kang HC, Kim JL, Lee JJ, Park HJ. Cordycepin-enriched WIB801C from Cordyceps militaris Inhibits collagen-induced [Ca(2+)]i mobilization via cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate receptor in human platelets. Biomolecules & Therapeutics. 2014;22(3):223-31.  https://doi.org/10.4062/biomolther.2014.025
  36. Wang Z, Chen Z, Jiang Z, Luo P, Liu L, Huang Y, Wang H, Wang Y, Long L, Tan X, Liu D, Jin T, Wang Y, Wang Y, Liao F, Zhang C, Chen L, Gan Y, Liu Y, Yang F, Huang C, Miao H, Chen J, Cheng T, Fu X, Shi C. Cordycepin prevents radiation ulcer by inhibiting cell senescence via NRF2 and AMPK in rodents. Nature Communications. 2019;10(1):2538. 
  37. Kim J, Shin JY, Choi YH, Lee SY, Jin MH, Kim CD, Kang NG, Lee S. Adenosine and cordycepin accelerate tissue remodeling process through adenosine receptor mediated Wnt/β-catenin pathway stimulation by regulating GSK3b activity. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021;22(11):5571. 
  38. Cheng H, Liu J, Zhang D, Wang J, Tan Y, Feng W, Peng C. Ginsenoside Rg1 alleviates acute ulcerative colitis by modulating gut microbiota and microbial tryptophan metabolism. Frontiers in Immunology. 2022;13:817600. 
  39. Luo M, Yan D, Sun Q, Tao J, Xu L, Sun H, Zhao H. Ginsenoside Rg1 attenuates cardiomyocyte apoptosis and inflammation via the TLR4/NF-kB/NLRP3 pathway. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry. 2020;121(4):2994-3004.  https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.29556
  40. Gao Y, Chu S, Zhang Z, Chen N. Hepataprotective effects of ginsenoside Rg1 - a review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2017;206:178-83.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2017.04.012
  41. Lee SO, Lee HJ, Yu MH, Im HG, Lee IS. Total polyphenol contents and antioxidant activities of methanol extracts from vegetables produced in Ullung island. Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2005;37(2):233-40. 
  42. Ha HJ, Lee CB. Antioxidant and anti-inflammation activity of red cabbage extract. The Korean Journal of Culinary Research. 2014;20(2):16-26.
  43. Gao Q, Zhang D, Ding W, Zhai W, Gu C, Guo S. Effects of exogenous lanthanum nitrate on the active substance content and antioxidant activity of caterpillar medicinal mushroom Cordyceps militaris (ascomycetes). International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms. 2023;25(6):41-54.  https://doi.org/10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2023048203