Journal of Korea Water Resources Association (한국수자원학회논문집)

Korea Water Resources Association (한국수자원학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A review of estuary research over the past 20 years (2001-2023) and suggestions for future research

최근 20년간 하구 연구(2001-2023)와 향후 연구 방향

  • Lee, Saem (Department of Spatial & Environmental Planning, ChungNam Institute)
  • 이샘 (충남연구원 공간환경연구실)
  • Received : 2024.03.07
  • Accepted : 2024.09.27
  • Published : 2024.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to review estuary-related research conducted in South Korea over the past 20 years and is to suggest future research directions for the major rivers in South Korea. By analyzing studies published in domestic academic journals since 2001, we classified and organized research related to the estuaries of major rivers. Existing research has primarily focused on defining estuaries, assessing their physical conditions, and examining water resource conservation measures in terms of water flow, supply, and quality. Future research might need to explore legal, social, economic, and environmental approaches for integrated water management. This study highlights the importance of integrated estuary management and provides fundamental data for sustainable water management.

본 연구는 2001년부터 2023년까지 국내 주요 학술논문집에 수록된 하구 관련 연구를 분석하여, 낙동강, 한강, 금강, 영산강, 섬진강 하구를 중심으로 연구 동향을 파악하고 향후 연구 방향을 제시하였다. 기존 연구는 하구의 물리적, 화학적, 생태학적 특성 변화와 관리, 생물학적 특성과 생태 모델, 하구 생태계와 철새 서식지, 하구역 환경 관리 및 개발, 지속 가능성, 하구 생태계서비스의 경제적 가치 평가, 하구 관리의 법·제도적 측면과 통합적 접근을 다루었다. 이를 바탕으로 균형잡힌 하구 관리를 위해 법적, 사회적, 경제적, 환경적, 기술적 접근에 대한 시사점을 도출하였다. 본 연구는 하구의 지속 가능한 관리와 균형 잡힌 개발을 위한 통합적 접근 방안 및 향후 연구 방향을 제시한 점에서 그 의의가 있다

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 논문은 충남연구원의 과제 일부로 지원받아 연구되었습니다.

References

  1. Ahn, H.K. (2017). "Future agenda of the four major rivers restoration project: Toward an integrated watershed management system." The Journal of the Korea Contents Association, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 454-461. https://doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2017.17.03.454
  2. Bae, M.S., Park, S.H., Choi, G.G., Lee, K.K., and Lee, G.H. (2005). "Characteristics of heterotrophic bacterial population in the artificial Lake Geumgang near estuary." The Korean Journal of Ecology, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 129-134.
  3. Baek, S.N., Lee, J.H., Lee, S.M., Lee, H.E., Kim, H.S., and Kim. S.J. (2023). "Priority determination of the projects for ecological restoration of the stream: Case study for Han River estuary." Journal of Wetlands Research, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp.64-73. https://doi.org/10.17663/JWR.2023.25.1.64
  4. Bang, K.Y., Kim, T.I., Song, Y.S., Lee, J.H., Kim, S.W., Cho, J.G., Kim, J.W., Woo, S.B., and Oh, J.K. (2013). "Numerical modeling of sediment transport during the 2011 summer flood in the Youngsan River estuary, Korea." Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 76-93.
  5. Ceon, I.K., and Kim, M.H. (2009). "The prediction and analysis of bed changes characteristics in the Seomjin River Downstream." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 115-121.
  6. Cha, M.J., Kim, S.H., and Yi, G.C. (2010). "Wise use through establishing conservation area in Nakdong River estuary." Journal of Wetlands Research, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 83-94.
  7. Choi, H.A., and Han, D.U. (2022). "The direction of inter-Korean cooperation on ecological conservation along the Han and Imjin Rivers confluence: Focusing on conservation of migratory species." Journal of Wetlands Research, Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 155-160. https://doi.org/10.17663/JWR.2022.24.3.155
  8. Choi, J.H., An, S.U., Kim, S.H., Shin, J.H., Lee, H.J., Hyun, J.H., and Mok, J.S. (2020). "Biogeochemical properties of phosphorus during summer in the sediment of Yeongsan River, lake and estuary." Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment and Energy, Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 286-296.
  9. Choi, N.Y., Yoon, B.I., Kim, J.W., Song, J.I., Lim, E.P., and Woo, S.B. (2012). "The relation of cross-sectional residual current and stratification during spring and neap tidal cycle at Seokmo channel, Han River estuary located at South Korea." Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers, Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 149-158.
  10. Choi, Y.S., Choi, S.H., and Yang, C.H. (2006). "A study on the development alternatives for the port facility in the Han River estuary." Journal of Korean Navigation and Port Research, Vol. 30, No. 8, pp. 699-709.
  11. Ha, J.W., Ahn, K.H., Bae, Y.S., Kim, H.H, Shin, H.Y., and Song, S.K. (2020). "The analysis of habitat using character of otter at a Yeongsan River watershed otters habitat usage at a Yeongsan River watershed." The Journal of Korean Island, Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 253-267.
  12. Han, C.S., Park, S.K., Jung, S.W., and Roh, T.Y. (2011). "The study of salinity distribution at Nakdong River estuary." Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 101-108.
  13. Hauptman, L., Mitsova, D., and Briggs, T.R. (2024). "Hurricane Ian damage assessment using aerial imagery and LiDAR: A case st udy of Estero Island, Florida." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, Vol. 12, No. 4, 668. doi: 10.3390/jmse12040668.
  14. Hong, S.B. (2004). "Original research: Regional characteristics of bird community in Nakdong River basin." Journal of Ecology and Environment, Vol. 27, No. 5, pp. 269-281.
  15. Hong, S.B. (2005). "Original research: A research for shorebirds on the southernmost of Nakdong estuary." Journal of Ecology and Environment, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 199-206.
  16. Hong, S.B., and Hong, J.P. (2023). "Regional distribution characteristics of swans (Cygnus spp.) in the Nakdong River downstream from October 2008 to September 2013." Journal of Environmental Science International, Vol. 32, No. 8, pp. 533-542.
  17. Hong, S.B., and Lee, I.S. (2010). "Understanding the visitation aspect of egrets egretta spp. in the long period at Nakdong Estuary, Busan, Republic of Korea." The Korean Journal of Ornithology, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 227-237.
  18. Hwang, J.A., Lee, S.H., Choi, B.J., and Kim, C.S. (2011). "Application of objective mapping to surface currents observed by HF radar off the Keum River estuary." The Sea: Journal of the Korean of Oceanography, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 14-26.
  19. Im, J.H., Choi, J.H., Kim, J.H., Yoon, H.S., and Ryu, C.R. (2010). "A study on the development of integrated utilization considering multi functions of urban estuarine area." Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education, Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 589-603.
  20. Jeon, H.L., Lee, H.Y., Yang, D.S., and Kim, S. (2021). "Geochemical characteristics and pollution assessment of surface sediments in the Nakdong River estuary." Journal of Environmental Science International, Vol. 30, No. 6, pp. 487-500.
  21. Ji, H.S., Seo, H.J., Kim, M.W., Lee, M.O., and Kim, J.K. (2014). "Marine environmental characteristics of seagrass habitat in Seomjin River estuary." Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 236-244. https://doi.org/10.5574/KSOE.2014.28.3.236
  22. Ji, J.W., and An, K.G. (2008). "Characteristics of fish compositions and longitudinal distribution in Yeongsan River watershed." Korean Journal of Limnology, Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 301-310.
  23. Ji, U., Julien Pierre, Y., Park, S.K., and Kim, B.D. (2008). "Numerical modeling for sedimentation characteristics of the lower Nakong River and sediment dredging effects at the Nakdong River estuary barrage." Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 405-411.
  24. Kang, B.S., Park, H.B., and Kim, J.K. (2015). "Saltwater intrusion characteristics in Seomjin River estuary using EFDC." The Korean Society for Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education, Vol. 27, No. 6, pp. 1842-1853.
  25. Kang, D.H., Park, S.J., and Choi, Y.J. (2007). "Sustainability indicators for the Han River estuary." Journal of Environmental Management, Vol. 45, No. 3, pp. 120-135.
  26. Kang, D.S. (2007). "Emergy evaluation overview of the natural environment and economy of the Han River basin in Korea." Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment and Energy, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 138-147.
  27. Kang, D.S. (2013). "Emergy-based value of the contributions of the Youngsan River estuary ecosystem to the Korean economy." The Sea, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 13-20. https://doi.org/10.7850/JKSO.2013.18.1.13
  28. Kang, D.S., Nam, J.H., and Chung, Y.H. (2005). "Sustainability indicators for the Han River estuarine area of Kyeong-gi Bay in Korea." Korean Society for Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 155-170.
  29. Kang, J.H., Ock, G.Y., Park, J.G., and Yoo, S.M. (2022). "The morphological characteristics and boundary changes in the intertidal area around Yubudo Island, Geumgang River estuary." Journal of The Korean Geomorphological Association, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 65-77.
  30. Kang, J.W., and Moon S.R. (2001). "Tidal propagation characteristics in the estuary which shows significant shallow tides." Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 56-60.
  31. Kim, B.O., Khim, B.K., and Lee, S.R. (2005). "Development of mosaic aerial photographs for shoreline change study in Nakdong estuary." Ocean and Polar Research, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 497-507. https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2005.27.4.497
  32. Kim, B.S, Yeo, Oh, U.S., D.H., and Sung, K.J. (2015a). "Status of birds in the Nakdong River estuary bird sanctuary before the four major rivers project." Korean Wetlands Society, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 264-272.
  33. Kim, D., and Min, D. (2017). "A study on converting DPSIR sustainability indicators into an index with analysis of application on data for Geumgang estuary." Journal of Environmental Policy and Administration. Korea Environmental Policy and Administration Society, Vol. 25, pp. 241-272.
  34. Kim, D.H., and Jin, D.H. (2019). "Sea water quality depending on as time passed after inflow of freshwater from Yeongsan River barrage on summer around Mokpo." Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment and Energy, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 77-83.
  35. Kim, H.C, Kim, O.H., Chang, W.K., and Ryu, J.S. (2015b). "Technical reviews on ecosystem modeling approach and its applicability in ecosystem-based coastal management in Saemangeum offshore and Geum River estuary." Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy, Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 233-244.
  36. Kim, H.D., Cho, Y.J., and Kwak, S.R. (2019). "Management plan and distribution of ecosystem disturbed plants in the lower Yeongsan River area." The Journal of Korean Island, Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 257-276.
  37. Kim, H.W., and Lee, H.Y. (2007). "The differences of zooplankton dynamics in river ecosystems with and without estuary dam in river mouth." Korean Journal of Limnology, Vol. 40, No. 2, pp. 273-284.
  38. Kim, J., and Jin, S. (2019). "Water quality changes after freshwater discharge in the Yeongsan River estuary." Journal of Environmental Studies, Vol. 42, No. 3, pp. 215-230.
  39. Kim, J., Choi, C., Kim, B.S., Kim, S.Y., Jang, K., and Park, J.G. (2018a). "Appearance state of freshwater phytoplankton in the Geumgang estuary and growth characteristics of dominant species with salinity gradient." The Korean Society for Marine Environment and Energy, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 361-367.
  40. Kim, J.B., Park, J.I., Lee, W.C., and Lee, K.S. (2012). "Seasonal changes in the carbon and nitrogen contents of zostera marina populations in the intertidal and subtidal zones of the Seomjin Estuary, Korea." Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 65-75. https://doi.org/10.5657/KFAS.2012.0065
  41. Kim, J.B., Park, J.I., Lee, W.C., and Lee, K.S. (2015c). "Growth and population dynamics of zostera marina due to changes in sediment composition in the Seomjin estuary, Korea." The Sea: Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 43-52.
  42. Kim, J.D., Jeong, S.T., Cho, H.Y., and Kim, T.H. (2010). "Uncertainty analysis of the net flow discharge and diffusion model in Gyeonggi Bay and Han River estuary." Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers, Vol. 22, No. 5, pp. 344-351.
  43. Kim, J.H. (2017). "DPSIR models and early warning systems for Geum River Basin." Korean Journal of Environmental Monitoring, Vol. 52, No. 4, pp. 321-338.
  44. Kim, J.H., Yoon, J.D., Kim, J.H., Lee, H.J., Choi, K.R., and Jang. M.H. (2013). "Characteristics of fish community in the Seomjin River and brackish area." The Korean Journal of Environment Biology, Vol. 31, No. 4, pp. 402-410.
  45. Kim, J.U., Ju, H.J., and Kim, H.S. (2018b). "Plans for conserving and utilizing water resources in the Han River Estuary." Water and Future Journal of the Korean Society of Water Resources, Vol. 51, No. 4, pp. 39-49.
  46. Kim, K.C., and Kim, S.B. (2021). "Bathymetric changes in the Nakdong River estuary owing to discharge from the Nakdong River barrier and environmental factors." Journal of Environmental Science International, Vol. 30, No. 7, pp. 507-517.
  47. Kim, S., Ahn, J., Jung, K., Lee, K., Kwon, H., Shin, D., and Yang, D. (2017). "Contamination assessment of heavy metals in river sediments (For the surface sediments from Nakdong River)." Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, Vol. 33, No. 4, pp. 460-473. https://doi.org/10.15681/KSWE.2017.33.4.460
  48. Kim, S.H., and Shin, Y.S. (2020). "Daily variation of size-fractionated chlorophyll a concentrations and water conditions associated with freshwater discharge during summer in the Yeongsan River estuary." Journal of Marine Life Science, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 72-80. https://doi.org/10.23005/KSMLS.2020.5.2.72
  49. Kim, S.H., Lee, J.Y., and Park, G.Y. (2008). "Water quality assessment and environmental impact on estuaries in Korea." Journal of Water Resources, Vol. 32, No. 2, pp. 230-245.
  50. Kim, S.O., and Lee, S.D. (2008). "Comparison of white-naped crane habitat use pattern with land-coverage map in the Han-River estuary and DMZ." Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment, Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 255-262.
  51. Kim, S.Y., and Ha, J.S. (2001) "Sedimentary facies and environmental changes of the Nakdong River estuary and adjacent coastal area." Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Vol. 34, No. 3, pp. 268-278.
  52. Kim, S.Y., and Lee, B.K. (2004). "In situ particle size and volume concentration of suspended sediment in Seomjin River estuary, determined by an optical instrument, 'LISST-100'." Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 323-329.
  53. Kim, Y.K. (2021). "Study of effectiveness problem of water quality indicators for the evaluation of the project saving the four major rivers: An example of Nakdong River." Korea Environmental Policy And Administration Society, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 235-257.
  54. Kong, R.K. (2010). "A study on the public aid program for residents of Nakdong River estuary." Maritime Law Review, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 191-222.
  55. Kong, R.K. (2012). "A study on improving the regulations for effective management of Nakdong River estuary." Maritime Law Review, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 135-162.
  56. Kwak, S.J., Yoo, S.H., and Chang, E.I. (2006). "Valuing the Han-River estuary: Using conjoint analysis." The Korean Economic Review, Vol. 54, No. 4, pp. 141-161.
  57. Kwon, Y.J, Yoo, S.H., and Park, S.H. (2013). "Assessment of the environmental value of the Geum-River estuary." Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment and Safety, Vol. 19, pp. 417-429.
  58. Lee, C.H., Shim, Y.G., Nam, J.H, Kang, D.S., and Rho, B.H. (2007a). "Management system improvement strategies for supporting an integrated estuary environmental management." Ocean Policy Research, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 89-122.
  59. Lee, C.Y., and Kim, K.H. (2008). "Development of GIS based water quality simulation system for Han River and Kyeonggi Bay area." Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 77-88.
  60. Lee, D., Park, G., Lee, C., and Shin, Y. (2017). "Assessment of ecosystem health during the freshwater discharge in the Youngsan River estuary." Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment, Vol. 50, No. 1, pp. 46-56.
  61. Lee, H.H., and Um, J.S. (2007). "Water depth change caused by artificial structures in Geum River estuary: Spatio-temporal evaluation based on GIS." Journal of the Korean Geographical Society, Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 121-132.
  62. Lee, H.S., Park, Y.J., and Kim, B.H. (2018). "Emergy evaluation of water resources in the Han River Basin." Journal of Environmental Economics, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 58-76.
  63. Lee, J., Han, J.H., Lim, B.J., Park, J.H., and Shin, J.K. (2013a). "Comparative analysis of fish fauna and community structures before and after the artificial weir construction in the mainstreams and tributaries of Yeongsan River watershed." Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment, Vol. 46, No.1, pp. 103-115.
  64. Lee, J.H., Yang, C.G., Han, K.S., and Lee. T.Y. (2020). "Estimation of heavy metal contamination level in Masan Bay and Nakdong estuary sediments." Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 13-21.
  65. Lee, J.O., Song, Y.J., Kim, Y.S., and Park, H.J. (2011a). "Analysis of quantitative topographical change in Eulsuk-Island using aerial images." Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography, Vol. 29, No. 5, pp. 527-534. https://doi.org/10.7848/KSGPC.2011.29.5.527
  66. Lee, J.S., An, S.M., Kim, S.G., Kim, S.S., Jung, R.H., Park, J.S. Park, M.O., and Jin, H.K. (2007b). "Biogeochemical organic carbon cycles in the intertidal sandy sediment of Nakdong estuary." The Sea: The Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 349-358.
  67. Lee, M.S., Park, G.A., and Kim, S.J. (2007c). "Analysis of geomorphological characteristics of Gum River basin using GIS." Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 27, No. 5, pp. 647-655.
  68. Lee, S.H., and Youn, S.Z. (2022). "Mechanism of wetland formation according to interaction of river bed fluctuation and plant success in the Hangang River estuary." Journal of Wetlands Research, Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 320-330. https://doi.org/10.17663/JWR.2022.24.4.320
  69. Lee, S.H., Kim, W.S., Park, J.W., Jo, H.B., Lee, W.O., Yu, T.S., Kim, H.G., Ji, C.W., and Kwak. I.S. (2022). "Spatio-temporal variation of fish communities in open estuary, Seomjin River estuary and Gwangyang bay coast." Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment, Vol. 55, No. 2, pp. 132-144.
  70. Lee, S.H., Yoon, H.S., Kim, M.S., and Jang, S.C. (2021). "A comparative study on vegetation frontline at deltaic barrier island in the Nakdong River estuary using GPS and satellite image data." Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment and Energy, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 80-89.
  71. Lee, S.J. (2018). "Emergy-based sustainability assessment of Geum River watershed." Korea Environmental Policy And Administration Society, Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 71-103.
  72. Lee, S.J., Kim, K.H., and Seo, J.T. (2011b) "A study on the development of GIS based integrated DB management system for ecological environmental management of Yeongsan estuary." Journal of Wetlands Research, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 593-602. https://doi.org/10.17663/JWR.2011.13.3.593
  73. Lee, S.J., Kim, K.H., Park, Y.G., Lee, G.H., and Yoo. J.H. (2014a). "A study on the development of GIS based integrated information system for water quality management of Yeongsan River estuary." Journal of Wetlands Research, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 73-83. https://doi.org/10.17663/JWR.2014.16.1.073
  74. Lee, S.K., Choi, M.S., Seo, Y.I., and Lee, J.B. (2014b). "Seasonal species composition and cluster analysis of catches by shrimp beam trawl in the Geum River estuary." Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology, Vol. 50, No. 4, pp. 455-466.
  75. Lee, W.S., Park, C.R., Lim, S.J., and Heo, W.H. (2001). "Characteristics, protection and management of bird community in Geum River estuary." The Korean Journal of Ecology, Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 181-189.
  76. Lee, Y.J., Jeong, B.K., Shin, Y.S., Kim, S.H., and Shin, K.H. (2013b). "Determination of the origin of particulate organic matter at the estuary of Youngsan River using stable isotope ratios(δ13C, δ15N)." Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment, Vol. 46, No. 2, pp.175-184.
  77. Lim, J.-C., Ahn, K., Choi, B.-K., and Lee, G.-Y. (2020). "Investigation plan to strengthen the conservation and management of estuary ecosystems." The Korean Association of Island, Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 317-334.
  78. Min, J.O., Ha, S.Y. Chung, M.H., Choi, B.H., Lee, Y.J., Youn, S.H., Yoon, W.D., Lee, J.S., and Shin, K.H. (2012). "Seasonal variation of primary productivity and pigment of phytoplankton community structure in the Seomjin estuary." Korean Journal of Limnology, Vol. 45, No. 2, pp. 139-149.
  79. Na, J.E., Jung, M.H., Cho, I.S., Park, Jo.H., Hwang, K.S., Song, H.J., Lim, B.J., La, G.H., Kim, H.W., and Lee. H.Y. (2012). "Phytoplankton community in reservoirs of Yeongsan and Seomjin River basins, Korea." The Korean Journal of Environment Biology, Vol. 30, No.1, pp. 39-46.
  80. Newstree (2023). Uruguay declares water shortage emergency amid worst drought in 74 years. Newstree, accessed 11 September 2024, <https://www.newstree.kr/newsView/ntr202312280006>.
  81. Noh, J.W., Lee, J.W., and Shin. J.K. (2011). "Analysis of saltwater intrusion by flushing discharge in the Seomjin River estuary." Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 325-335. https://doi.org/10.14249/EIA.2011.20.3.325
  82. Oh, C.Y., Park, S.Y., Choi, C.U., and Jeon, S.W. (2010). "Change detection at the Nakdong estuary delta using satellite image and GIS." Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 21-29.
  83. Park, G.S. (2004). "Salinity distribution and ecological environment of Han River estuary." Journal of Wetlands Research, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 149-166.
  84. Park, G.Y., and Kim, K.J. (2019). "A study on the promotion of inter-Korean tourism in the Han River estuary." Food Service Industry Journal, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 129-140.
  85. Park, H.G., and Ock, G.Y. (2017). "Estimation of the total terrestrial organic carbon flux of large rivers in Korea using the national water quality monitoring system." The Korean Journal of Environment Biology, Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 549-556.
  86. Park, J.H., Lee, G.S., Yang, J.S., and Kim, S.W. (2012a). "A hydrometeorological time series analysis of Geum River watershed with GIS data considering climate change." Korea Spatial Information Society, Vol. 20, pp. 39-50.
  87. Park, K., Lee, C., Yeo, H.B., Ju, Y.K., Kim, E., and Mun, S. (2017). "Environmental change and causes of local conflicts in the Geumgang estuary." Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 149-159. https://doi.org/10.15681/KSWE.2017.33.2.149
  88. Park, K.M. Hong, M.J., and Kim, S.W. (2022). "A study on the priority and implementing strategies of integrated management policy of the Han River estuarine area." Journal of the Korean Urban Geographical Society, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 137-156.
  89. Park, M.O., Kim, S.S., Kim, S.G., Kwon, J.N, Lee, S.M., and Lee, Y.W. (2012b). "Factors controlling temporal-spatial variations of marine environment in the Seomjin River estuary through 25-hour continuous monitoring." The Korean Society for Marine Environment and Energy, Vol. 15, pp. 314-322.
  90. Park, M.O, Lee, J.S, Kim, S.S, Kim, S.G, Lee, S.M, and Lee, Y.W. (2014). "Variations of dissolved inorganic nutrient flux through the Seomjin River estuary." The Korean Environmental Sciences Society, Vol. 23, No. 6, pp. 1049-1060.
  91. Park, S., and Sin, Y. (2022). "Characteristics of water quality and chlorophyll-a in the seawater zone of the Yeongsan River estuary: Long-term (2009-2018), data analysis." Ocean and Polar Research, Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 13-27.
  92. Park, S.H., Kim, J.H., Baek, S.H., Choi, H.S., Kim, D.W., Ko, E.J., Kim, H.W. (2020). "Characteristics of fish assemblage by reservoir size in Yeongsan.Seomjin River watershed in Korea." Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment, Vol. 53, No. 3, pp. 229-240.
  93. Park, S.W., Kim, J.H., and Kim, J.K. (2016). "Mobile MGIS study for the Seomjin River estuary." The Korean Society for Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 172-179.
  94. Pyo, H.D., Yoo, S.H., and Kwak, S.J. (2001). "Estimating the conservation value of coastal wetlands around the Youngsan River: The application of double - bounded dichotomous choice format of the contingent valuation method." Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association, Vol. 17, No.1, pp. 37-54.
  95. Rhew, H., Shin, Y.H., and Lee, C.H. (2018). "The conceptual design of decision support system for the Geumgang estuary management: Focus on facilitating the stakeholder dialogue." The Korean Society for Marine Environment and Energy, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 195-206.
  96. Rho, P.K. (2007). "Spatio-temporal dynamics of estuarine wetlands related to watershed characteristics in the Han River estuary." Journal of the Korean Geographical Society, Vol. 42, No. 3, pp. 344-354.
  97. Ryu, H.S., Park, H.K., Lee, H.J., Shin, R.Y., and Cheon, S.U. (2016). "Occurrence and succession pattern of cyanobacteria in the upper region of the Nakdong River: Factors influencing aphanizomenon bloom." Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 52-59. https://doi.org/10.15681/KSWE.2016.32.1.52
  98. Seo, H.B., and Maeng, H.J., (2016). "Quantitative assessment analysis research applying fractal theory about the Han River estuary's representative waterfront." Journal of the Korean Society of Design Culture, Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 253-264.
  99. Shim, Y.Y. (2017). "A study on the legislation strategy for the development of integrated estuarine management system." Journal of Law and Politics Research, Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 259-287. https://doi.org/10.17926/KAOLP.2017.17.4.259
  100. Shim, Y.Y. (2018). "A study on the legal system for the development of integrated estuarine management system - From a strategic perspective for the establishment of legal institutions -." Journal of Law and Politics Research, Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 309-340. https://doi.org/10.17926/KAOLP.2018.18.4.309
  101. Shin, M.S., Bae, K.S., Kang, S.J., and Kim, J.H. (2006). "A study on the topography and current characteristic of the before and after construction at Geum River estuary dike." Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 61-66.
  102. Shin, Y.C. (2017). "Estimating the non-use values of Gum River estuary using contingent valuation method - By Turnbull nonparametric estimation method." Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society, Vol. 18, No. 11, pp. 479-485. https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2017.18.11.479
  103. Shin, Y.K., and Yoon, K.S. (2005). "The spatial distribution of water quality and sediments characteristics in the Han River estuary." Journal of the Korean Geomorphological Association, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 13-23.
  104. Shin, Y.S., and Yoon, B.B. (2011). "Change in taxonomic composition of phytoplankton and environmental factors after construction of dike in Yeongsan River estuary." Korean Journal of Environmental Biology, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 212-224.
  105. Shin, Y.S., and Yu, H.S. (2018). "Phytoplankton community and surrounding water conditions in the Youngsan River estuary: weekly variation in the saltwater zone." Ocean and Polar Research, Vol. 40, No. 4, pp. 191-202. https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2018.40.4.191
  106. Sim, H. (2018). "Environmental issues and policy approaches for integrated estuary management in South Korea." Journal of Environmental Policy, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 310-325.
  107. Sin, V.S., Lee, C.L., Cho, K.A., and Song, E.S. (2005). "Trends of phytoplankton community and water quality and implications for management in estuarine river systems." Korean Journal of Limnology, Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 160-180.
  108. Sin, Y.H., Park, J.S., and Yoon, K.W. (2017). "Economic valuation of the Geum River estuary ecosystem services." Environmental Economics and Policy Studies, Vol. 20, No. 5, pp. 95-114.
  109. Woo, K., and Mo, S.E. (2009). "The pending problems of the Han River estuary and talks on the further development." Journal of the Korean Regional Economics, Vol. 14, pp. 151-170.
  110. Yang, H.O., Kim, C.H., Kang, E.J., Kim, K.S., and Choi, W.S. (2012). "Characteristics of fish fauna collected from near estuary of Seomjin River and population ecology." The Korean Journal of Environment Biology, Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 319-327.
  111. Yoo, S.H. (2007a). "Measurement of the environmental value of the Seomjin-River estuary." Journal of Environmental Policy, Vol. 6. No. 2, pp. 1-25. https://doi.org/10.17330/JOEP.6.2.200706.1
  112. Yoo, S.H. (2007b). "Using the contingent valuation method based on multi-attributeutility theory to measure the environmental value of the Nakdong-River estuary." Ocean and Polar Research, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 69-80. https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2007.29.1.069
  113. Yoo, S.H., and Lee, J.S. (2011). "Assessment of economic value of Youngsan River estuary." Journal of Korea Water Resources Association, Vol. 44, No. 8, pp. 629-637. https://doi.org/10.3741/JKWRA.2011.44.8.629
  114. Yoo, Y.H. (2008). "Population decline cause of scirpus planiculmis and its restoration plan in Han River wetland conservation area, South Korea." Journal of Wetlands Research, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 165-172.
  115. Yoon, B., Lee, E., Kang, T., and Shin, Y. (2013). "Long-term change of phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll-a), environmental factors and freshwater discharge in Youngsan estuary." Korean Journal of Lomnology, Vol. 46, No. 2, pp. 205-214.
  116. Yoon, B.I., and Woo, S.B. (2011). "Study on relationship between geographical convergence and bottom friction at the major waterways in Han River estuary using the tidal wave propagation characteristics." Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers, Vol. 23, No. 5, pp. 383-392.
  117. Yoon, B.I., and Woo, S.B. (2012). "Relation of freshwater discharge and salinity distribution on tidal variation around the Yeomha channel, Han River estuary." Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers, Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 269-276.
  118. Yoon, H.S., Park, S., Lee, I.C., and Kim, H.T. (2008). "Spatiotemp oral variations of seawater quality due to the inflow of discharge from Nakdong River barrage." Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environmental Engineering, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 78-85.
  119. Yoon, S.C., Youn, S.H., and Suh, Y.S. (2017). "The characteristics of spatio-temporal distribution on environmental factors after construction of artificial structure in the Nakdong River estuary." Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment and Energy, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 1-11.
  120. Youn, S.M. (2021). "Geopolitical and environmental features of the open Han River estuary." Journal of Estuarine Management, Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 145-160.
  121. Youn, S.Z., Lee, S.H., and Jang, C.H. (2021). "Study of riverline change around Sannam Wetland in the Hangang River estuaty using LANDSAT image processing." Journal of Wetlands Research, Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 154-162. https://doi.org/10.17663/JWR.2021.23.2.154
  122. Yu, J.J., Lee, H.J., Lee, K.L., Lyu, H.S., Whang, J.W., Shin, L.Y., and Chen, S.U. (2014). "Relationship between distribution of the dominant phytoplankton species and water temperature in the Nakdong River, Korea." Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment, Vol. 47, No. 4, pp. 247-257.