Development and Reproduction (한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식)

The Korean Society of Developmental Biology (한국발생생물학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Characteristics of Morphological Changes in Fins according to Larval Growth of Red Spotted Grouper, Epinephelus akaara

  • Hee-Kyung Jung (Kidang Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University) ;
  • Chi-Hoon Lee (Kidang Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University) ;
  • Young-Don Lee (Kidang Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University)
  • Received : 2024.06.21
  • Accepted : 2024.08.25
  • Published : 2024.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study investigated the fin development and morphological characteristics according to larval growth in order to obtain information on behavioral characteristics and optimal stocking density during red seed grouper seed production. To examine the growth and fin development process of the larvae, we randomly sampled at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 20, 25, 30, 39, 45, 51, and 72 days after hatching. External morphology was observed and measured using an optical microscope. To observe skeletal development, larvae at 13, 20, 30, and 72 days after hatching were fixed in formalin and stained for cartilage and bone examination. At 9-10 DAH, red spotted grouper larvae (2.74±0.1 to 3.0±0.2 mm TL) exhibited a second dorsal fin spine and pelvic fin spine, which subsequently elongated. At 19-20 DAH, the larvae (5.7±0.1 to 6.1±0.1 mm TL) have the lengths of the second dorsal fin spine and pelvic fin spine average 34% and 31% to total length, respectively. From 30 to 72 DAH (12.6±0.4 to 56.0±0.2 mm TL), the length of the second dorsal fin spine and pelvic fin spine to total length decreased from 27% to 8% for the dorsal fin and 21% to 14% for the pelvic fin, respectively. At 30 DAH (12.6±0.4 mm TL), the larvae reached the complete count of fin rays in each fin. At 39 DAH (20.28±3.07 mm TL), the larvae had fin shapes similar to those of adults. At 13-30 DAH (4.2±0.1 to 12.6±0.9 mm TL), barbs and spinules were distributed along the ridges of the second dorsal and pelvic fin spines. However, at 72 DAH, these barbs and spinules were no longer observed on the fins. During the seed production process, red spotted grouper larvae tend to cluster in the morning, and during this time, entanglement of barbs and spinules on the second dorsal and pelvic fin spines can lead to mortality. Therefore, it is considered essential to focus on managing the behavioral patterns and appropriate rearing density of red spotted grouper larvae from the emergence of barbs and spinules on the second dorsal and pelvic fin spines until they regress and metamorphosis is completed.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the research grant of Jeju National University in 2024.

References

  1. Boo MS, Lee CH, Moon YG, Kim BH, Kim MS, Kim DG, Baek HJ, Kim HB, Lee YD (2020) Management and development of seed rearing in red spotted grouper Epinephelus akaara. Korea J Fish Aquat Sci 53:506-514.
  2. Chen S, Tian Y, Li Z, Li Z, Zhang J, Wang L, Wu Y, Chen M, Yuan S, Pang Z, Ma W, Zhai J (2021) Metamorphosis and skeletal development of hybrid Epinephelus awoara (♀) and Epinephelus tukula (♂) progenies. Aquaculture 530:735727.
  3. Dingerkus G, Uhler LD (1977) Enzyme clearing of alcian blue stained whole small vertebrates for demonstration of cartilage. Stain Technol 52:229-232.
  4. Food and Agriculture Organization [FAO]. (2024). Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics - Yearbook 2021. FAO Yearbook of Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. FAO, Rome.
  5. Hussain NA, Higuchi M (1980) Larval rearing and development of the brown-spotted grouper, Epinephelus tauvina (Forska°l). Aquaculture 19:339-350.
  6. Kawabe K, Kohno H (2009) Morphological development of larval and junvenile blacktip grouper, Epinephelus fasciatus. Fish Sci 75:1239-1251.
  7. Kim DJ, Lee NS, Kim KK, Chang DS (2014) Effects of starvation, water temperature, and water flow on the metamorphosis of leptocephalus of Japanese Eel Anguilla japonica. Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 47:597-602.
  8. Kitajima C, Takaya M, Tsukashima Y, Arakawa T (1991) Development of eggs, larvae and juveniles of the grouper, Epinephelus septemfasciatus, reared in the laboratory. Jpn J Ichthyol 38:47-55.
  9. Kohno H, Diani S, Supriatna A (1993) Morphological development of larval and juvenile grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus. Jpn J Ichthyo 40:307-316.
  10. Kusaka A, Yamaoka K, Yamada T, Abe M, Kinoshita I (2001) Early development of dorsal and pelvic fins and their supports in hatchery-reared red-spotted grouper, Epinephelus akaara (Perciformes: Serranidae). Ichthyol Res 48:355-360.
  11. Lee CH, Hur SW, Kim BH, Soyano K, Lee YD (2020) Induced maturation and fertilized egg production of the red-spotted grouper. Epinephelus akaara, using adaptive physiology of photoperiod and water temperature. Aquac Res 51:2054-2090.
  12. Leu MY, Liou CH, Fang LS (2005) Embryonic and larval development of the malabar grouper, Epinephelus malabaricus (Pisces: Serranidae). J Mar Biol Assoc UK 85:1249-1254.
  13. McMenamin SK, Parichy DM (2013) Metamorphosis in teleosts. Curr Top Dev Biol 103:127-165.
  14. Park JM, Cho JK, Han KH, Kim NR, Hwang HK, Kim KM, Myeong JI, Son MH (2014) Early life history of the sevenband grouper, Epinephelus septemfasciatus from Korea. Dev Reprod 18:13-23.
  15. Sawada Y, Kato K, Okada T, Kurata M, Mukai Y, Miyashita S, Murata O, Kumai H (1999) Growth and morphological development of larval and juvenile Epinephelus bruneus (Perciformes: Serranidae). Ichthyol Res 46:245-257.
  16. Song YB, Oh SR, Seo JP, Ji BG, Lim BS, Lee YD, Kim HB (2005) Larval Development and Rearing of Longtooth Grouper Epinephelus bruneus in Jeju Island, Korea. J World Aquac Soc 36:209-216.