Journal of Veterinary Science

The Korean Society of Veterinary Science (대한수의학회)
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Oxidative hemolytic crises in a dog due to fragrance products: clinical insights and treatment approaches

  • Sully Lee (Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kyoung-Won Seo (Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University) ;
  • Urs Giger (Vetsuisse, University of Zurich) ;
  • Min-Ok Ryu (Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University)
  • Received : 2024.05.28
  • Accepted : 2024.07.30
  • Published : 2024.09.30
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Abstract

Importance: This is the first reported case of fragrance products-induced recurrent oxidative hemolytic anemia in a dog, detailing the successful therapeutic approach employed. Case Presentation: A 4-year-old intact female Pomeranian dog presented with brown tongue, pigmenturia, peripheral edema, and vomiting. Blood smears revealed a high count of eccentrocytes and Heinz bodies, along with a precipitous decline in packed cell volume and an increase in blood methemoglobin levels, suggesting an oxidative hemolytic crisis. This clinicopathological pattern recurred several times after the patient returned home. Antioxidants, methylene blue, hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy, and blood transfusion were successfully employed to address recurrent hemolytic anemia; however, oxidative hemolytic crises recurred. After the owner removed exposure to various home remedies and fragrances, the clinical signs and hemolytic crises did not recur. Conclusions and Relevance: Recurring oxidative hemolytic crises should raise suspicions of environmental toxicity, which, although harmless in small quantities to humans, can be devastating to small-breed dogs. In addition to removing the causative agents, methylene blue and other antioxidants, along with HBO, may be beneficial in the acute management of oxidative hemolytic anemia.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

We would like to express our gratitude to the owner and primary care clinician, Chae Hyung-kyu. We would also thank the veterinary clinicians and staff at Seoul National University, especially Hyun-Ki Hong DVM. Our thanks are also extended to Alexandra Kehl, MS, at Laboklin in Bad Kissingen, Germany, for conducting the CYB5R3 genotyping.

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