Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety (한국식품위생안전성학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Hygiene and Safety (한국식품위생안전성학회)
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The Content and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals and Sulfur Dioxide in Herbs for Food and Medicine in Seoul Area (2019-2023)

서울지역 식약공용 농·임산물의 중금속과 이산화황 함량 및 위해성 평가(2019-2023)

  • Sung-Hee Han (Gangbuk Agro-Fishery Products & Herbal Medicine Inspection Center, Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • So-Hyun Park (Gangbuk Agro-Fishery Products & Herbal Medicine Inspection Center, Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Ji-Hye Kim (Gangbuk Agro-Fishery Products & Herbal Medicine Inspection Center, Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Hyun-Jung Jang (Gangbuk Agro-Fishery Products & Herbal Medicine Inspection Center, Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Ae-Kyung Kim (Gangbuk Agro-Fishery Products & Herbal Medicine Inspection Center, Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Ji-Hun Jung (Gangbuk Agro-Fishery Products & Herbal Medicine Inspection Center, Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Eun-Sun Yun (Gangbuk Agro-Fishery Products & Herbal Medicine Inspection Center, Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Ju-Sung Park (Gangbuk Agro-Fishery Products & Herbal Medicine Inspection Center, Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment)
  • 한성희 (서울시보건환경연구원 강북농수산물검사소) ;
  • 박소현 (서울시보건환경연구원 강북농수산물검사소) ;
  • 김지혜 (서울시보건환경연구원 강북농수산물검사소) ;
  • 장현정 (서울시보건환경연구원 강북농수산물검사소) ;
  • 김애경 (서울시보건환경연구원 강북농수산물검사소) ;
  • 정지헌 (서울시보건환경연구원 강북농수산물검사소) ;
  • 윤은선 (서울시보건환경연구원 강북농수산물검사소) ;
  • 박주성 (서울시보건환경연구원 강북농수산물검사소)
  • Received : 2024.06.24
  • Accepted : 2024.08.22
  • Published : 2024.08.30
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Abstract

This study investigated the content of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, As, and Hg) and SO2 and conducted a risk assessment of 1,340 samples of 60 herbs used for food and medicine in Seoul between 2019 and 2023. The analysis was performed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), a mercury analyzer, and the Monier-Williams method. The mean values and ranges of the heavy metals were as follows: Pb, 0.327 mg/kg (not detectable [ND]-36.933); Cd, 0.083 mg/kg (ND-1.700); As, 0.075 mg/kg (ND-2.200); and Hg, 0.004 mg/kg (ND-0.047). Pb exceeded the permissible limit of 36.933 mg/kg in one sample of Poria Sclerotium. Cd exceeded the permissible limit of 1.700 mg/kg and 0.650 mg/kg in the two samples of Chrysanthemi Zawadskii Herba. The mean and range of SO2 was 0.75 mg/kg (ND-192.00), with two samples of Gastrodiae Rhizoma exceeding the permissible limit at 192.00 mg/kg and 42.00 mg/kg. Pb was highest in the perithecium (1.377 mg/kg), followed by Cd in the cortex (0.156 mg/kg) and caulis (0.144 mg/kg), As in leaves (0.149 mg/kg), and Hg in the herba (0.009 mg/kg) and leaves (0.009 mg/kg). SO2 was the highest in the rhizomes (4.12 mg/kg). The Pb, Cd, and Hg levels did not differ significantly between the domestic, Chinese, and imported products; however, As and SO2 levels were the highest in the Chinese products. As a result of the risk assessment, all the margins of exposure (MOE) values of Pb, except for Poria Sclerotium, were ≥1, indicating that most samples were safe. The hazard index (HI) for Cd, As, and Hg were <100%, indicating a safety level for food and medicine. In addition, the HI for SO2 did not exceed 1 for any of the items, indicating safe levels.

2019년부터 2023년까지 서울지역에 유통되는 식약공용 농·임산물 60품목 1,340건을 대상으로 ICP-MS와 수은분석기, 모니어-월리엄스 변법을 사용하여 중금속(납, 카드뮴, 비소, 수은) 및 이산화황의 함량을 조사하고 위해성 평가를 수행하였다. 중금속의 평균 검출량 및 범위는 납 0.327 mg/kg (ND-36.933), 카드뮴 0.083 mg/kg (ND-1.700), 비소 0.075 mg/kg (ND-2.200), 수은 0.004 mg/kg (ND-0.047)으로 나타났다. 품목별은 2023년에 복령 1건에서 납이 36.933 mg/kg으로 기준을 초과하였고 카드뮴은 2022년에 구절초 2건이 각각 1.700 mg/kg, 0.650 mg/kg으로 기준를 초과하였다. 나머지 품목은 모두 허용기준 이내였다. 이산화황의 평균 검출량 및 범위는 0.75 mg/kg (ND-192.00)이 였으며, 2019년에 천마 2건에서 각각 192.00 mg/kg과 42.00 mg/kg으로 기준치을 초과하였다. 약용부위별 중금속 평균 검출량은 납은 버섯류(1.377 mg/kg), 카드뮴은 수·근피류(0.156 mg/kg)와 등목류(0.144 mg/kg), 비소는 엽류(0.149 mg/kg), 수은은 전초류(0.009 mg/kg), 엽류(0.009 mg/kg)에서 높게 검출되었다. 이산화황 평균 검출량은 근경류(4.12 mg/kg)에서 높게 검출되었다. 원산지별로 중금속 및 이산화황 함량을 비교한 결과, 납, 카드뮴 및 수은은 국내산, 중국산, 중국 외 수입산 간에 차이는 없었으나, 비소와 이산화황은 중국산이 국내산과 중국 외 수입산보다 높게 검출되었다. 위해성 평가 결과, 납은 대부분의 품목에서 노출안전역(MOE)값이 1보다 커서 인체 위해성이 낮았지만, 복령에서 MOE 값이0.66으로 1보다 낮아 위해성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 카드뮴, 비소 및 수은의 위해도(HI)는 각각 0.2740-1.0702%, 0.0049-0.0335% 및 0.0041-0.0287%로 매우 낮은 수준으로 평가되었다. 이산화황의 위해도(HI)는 모든 품목에서1을 초과하지 않아 안전한 수준이었다. 앞으로도, 식약공용 농·임산물의 안전성에 대한 지속적인 관심과 모니터링이 필요하다.

Keywords

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