Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease (대한유전성대사질환학회지)

The Korea Society of Inherited Metabolic Disease (대한유전성대사질환학회)
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A Recent Insight into the Diagnosis and Screening of Patients with Fabry Disease

파브리병 환자의 진단과 선별검사의 최신지견

  • Hye-Ran Yoon (Duksung Women's University, College of Pharmacy, Biochemical Disease Detection Laboratory) ;
  • Jihun Jo (Duksung Women's University, College of Pharmacy, Biochemical Disease Detection Laboratory)
  • 윤혜란 (덕성여자대학교 약학대학 생의약분석실) ;
  • 조지훈 (덕성여자대학교 약학대학 생의약분석실)
  • Published : 2024.06.30
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Abstract

Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder. It is caused by mutations in the α-galactosidase A gene, which results in deficient or absent activity of α-galactosidase A (α-Gal A). This leads to a progressive accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) in various tissues. Manifestations of Fabry disease include serious and progressive impairment of renal and cardiac function. In addition, patients experience pain, gastrointestinal disturbance, transient ischaemic attacks, and strokes. Additional effects on the skin, eyes, ears, lungs, and bones are often seen. Reduced life expectancy and deadly consequences are being caused by cardiac involvement. Chaperone therapy or enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) are two disease-specific treatments for FD. Thus, early detection of FD is critical for decreasing morbidity and mortality. Globotriaosysphingosine (lyso-Gb3) for identifying atypical FD variants and highly sensitive troponin T (hsTNT) for detecting cardiac involvement are both significant diagnostic indicators. This review aimed to offer a basic resource for the early diagnosis and update on the diagnosis of having FD. We will also provide a general diagnostic algorithm and information on ERT and its accompanying treatments.

파브리병은 X염색체-연관 리소좀 축적 장애이다. 이는 α-갈락토시다제 A(α-Gal A)의 활성이 없거나 결핍되어있는 α-갈락토시다제 A 유전자의 돌연변이로 인해 발생한다. 이러한 효소활성의 저하로 인해 대사되지 못한 지질인 globotiaosylceramide (Gb3)가 다양한 인체 조직에 점진적으로 축적된다. 파브리병의 조기진단 시기를 놓치는 경우 신장 및 심장 기능의 점진적인 손상이 심각하게 발생한다. 환자는 말초 근육 통증, 위장 장애, 일과성 허혈 발작 및 뇌졸중을 경험하기도 한다. 피부, 눈, 귀, 폐 및 뼈 등에서 이 병의 진행으로 인한 추가 증상이 종종 나타난다. 치료과정 없이 병이 진행되면 심장이나 신장의 개입으로 인해 기대 수명이 단축되는 치명적인 결과를 초래한다. 따라서 파브리병을 조기에 발견하는 것이 발병율과 사망율을 감소시키는 데 매우 중요하다. 비정형성 파브리병의 변이를 식별하기 위한 globotriaosysphingosine(lyso-Gb3)과 심장 침범을 식별할 수 있는 고감도로 탐지할 수 있는 트로포닌 T(hsTNT)는 모두 중요한 진단 마커이다. 효소 대체 치료(enzyme replacement therapy) 또는 샤페론 치료(chaperone therapy)는 파브리병 치료의 주요 두 가지 방법이다. 질환이 드물기도 하지만 진단이 제대로 잘 되지 않는 놓치기 쉬운 질환이기도 하다. 따라서 이종설의 목적은 파브리병의 조기 진단과 진단에 대한 최근의 업데이트된 현황 보고와 진단을 위한 기본 자료를 제공하는 데 있다. 또한 효소 대체 치료 및 일반적인 진단 알고리즘과 그에 연관된 필요한 정보를 제공한다.

Keywords

References

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