Applied Chemistry for Engineering (공업화학)

The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry (한국공업화학회)
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Trends in Antidote Technologies for Nerve Agents

신경작용제 해독 기술 동향

  • Sungyiel Kim (BRN Emergency Management Institute) ;
  • Jinkwang Jeong (Department of Physics and Chemistry, Korea Military Academy) ;
  • Dongwook Kim (Department of Physics and Chemistry, Korea Military Academy) ;
  • Seungyul Hwang (Chemical Accident Investigation Team, National Institute of Chemical Safety) ;
  • Yoonje Cho (Chemical Accident Investigation Team, National Institute of Chemical Safety) ;
  • Yeongwook Yoon (Chemical Accident Investigation Team, National Institute of Chemical Safety) ;
  • Taein Ryu (Chemical Accident Investigation Team, National Institute of Chemical Safety) ;
  • Keunhong Jeong (Department of Physics and Chemistry, Korea Military Academy)
  • 김성일 (화생방방재연구소) ;
  • 정진광 (육군사관학교 물리화학과) ;
  • 김동욱 (육군사관학교 물리화학과) ;
  • 황승율 (화학물질안전원 화학사고조사팀) ;
  • 조윤제 (화학물질안전원 화학사고조사팀) ;
  • 윤영욱 (화학물질안전원 화학사고조사팀) ;
  • 류태인 (화학물질안전원 화학사고조사팀) ;
  • 정근홍 (육군사관학교 물리화학과)
  • Received : 2024.07.09
  • Accepted : 2024.07.18
  • Published : 2024.08.10
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Abstract

Chemical agents are classified according to their mechanism of toxicity into categories such as nerve agents, choking agents, blood agents, blister agents, etc. Among them, nerve agents cause toxic symptoms by binding with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the body, which breaks down neurotransmitters, thus disrupting the autonomic nervous system. In severe cases, this can lead to death, making it a critical chemical agent. Therefore, once it has penetrated into the human body, it is important to detoxify it swiftly. Antidotes used for detoxification include chemical medicines such as pretreatment agents, post-treatment agents, anticonvulsants, and bioscavengers. This review will address the uses, forms, components, and principles of detoxification of nerve agent antidotes and the association with bioscavengers.

화학작용제는 독성 매커니즘에 따라 신경작용제, 질식작용제, 혈액작용제, 수포작용제 등으로 분류한다. 이 중 신경작용제는 채내에서 신경전달물질을 분해하는 AChE와 결합하여 자율신경계를 교란하여 독성 증상을 나타낸다. 심한 경우 사망에 이르게 하는 치명적인 화학작용제이다. 따라서, 인체 내 침투 후에는 신속하게 해독하는 것이 중요하다. 해독을 위해 사용되는 해독제는 화학 의약품으로 전처치제, 후처치제, 항경련제, 바이오스캐빈저 등이 사용되고 있다. 본 리뷰에서는 신경작용제 해독제의 용도, 형태, 구성성분 및 해독원리와 바이오스캐빈저의 연관성을 다루게 될 것이다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

해당연구는 화학물질안전원의 연구지원에 의하여 수행되었으며, 이에 감사드립니다.

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