Nuclear Engineering and Technology

Korean Nuclear Society (한국원자력학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Conceptional design of an adjustable moderator for BNCT based on a neutron source of 2.8 MeV proton bombarding with Li target

  • Yinan Zhu (Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences) ;
  • Zuokang Lin (Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences) ;
  • Haiyan Yu (Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences) ;
  • Xiaohan Yu (Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences) ;
  • Zhimin Dai (Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences)
  • Received : 2023.05.12
  • Accepted : 2023.12.17
  • Published : 2024.05.25
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Beam shaping assembly (BSA) is a vital component in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) for obtaining epithermal neutron beams. Several feasible designs of BSA for accelerator-based BNCT (AB-BNCT) neutron source are carried out based on neutrons by bombarding a natural lithium target with 10 mA, 2.8 MeV proton beams. The calculation results demonstrate that a thickness of 45 cm is appropriate for general moderators referring to the therapeutic parameter of Advanced Depth (AD). A series of optimizations are performed and two results are confirmed: One is that employing the configuration of MgF2 and FLUENTAL combined by 1:1 could improve the therapeutic rate (TR) of tumors at a depth of middle region, and the other one is that the TR of superficial tumors can be increased by adding a 5 cm thick boron-11 secondary moderator at the end of general moderators. As a result, an innovative conception of an adjustable moderator is recommended to BNCT. Compared to the MgF2 moderator with a fixed thickness of 45 cm, the TR value can be improved by a maximum of 47.7 % by using the adjustable moderator. Furthermore, the configuration of adjustable moderator has been designed with regulation method for treating tumors of different depths.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work is supported by Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, New Education Program (No. Y955071031).

References

  1. G.L. Locher, Biological effects and therapeutic possibilities of neutrons, Am. J. Roentgenol. Radium Ther. (1936). 36, 1-13. 
  2. Ryo Ogawara, Tamon Kusumoto, Teruaki Konishi, et al., Polyethylene moderator optimized for increasing thermal neutron flux in the NASBEE accelerator-based neutron field, Radiat. Meas. (2020), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2020.106358. 
  3. Huifang He, Jiyuan Li, Ping Jiang, et al., The basis and advances in clinical application of boron neutron capture therapy, Radiat. Oncol. 16 (2021) 216, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13014-021-01939-7. 
  4. Saverio Altieri, Nicoletta Protti, A brief review on reactor-based neutron sources for boron neutron capture therapy, Therapeut. Radiol. Oncol. (2018), https://doi.org/10.21037/tro.2018.10.08. 
  5. B.A. Ludewigt, Clinical requirements and accelerator concepts for BNCT, in: Particle Accelerator Conference. Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE, 1997. 
  6. Yong-Shun Tian, Zhi-Liang Hu, Jian-Fei Tong, et al., Design of beam shaping assembly based on 3.5 MeV radio-frequency quardrupole proton accelerator for boron neutron capture therapy, Acta Phys. Sin. (2018), https://doi.org/10.7498/aps.67.20180380. 
  7. Takahiro Kato, Katsumi Hirose, Hiroki Tanaka, et al., Design and construction of an accelerator-based boron neutron capture therapy (AB-BNCT) facility with multiple treatment rooms at the Southern Tohoku BNCT Research Center, Appl. Radiat. Isot. (2020), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.108961. 
  8. Pablo Torres-Sanchez, Ignacio Porras, Nataliya Ramos-Chernenko, et al., Optimized beam shaping assembly for a 2.1 MeV proton-accelerator-based neutron source for boron neutron capture therapy, Sci. Rep. (2021), https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87305-9. 
  9. Joshua P. Sroka, Thomas E. Blue, Chenguang Li, et al., Design of a moderator assembly delimiter for an ABNS for BNCT, in: American Nuclear Society Topical Meeting in Monte Carlo, Chattanooga, TN, 2005, 2005. 
  10. IAEA, Current Status of Neutron Capture Therapy, IAEA-TECDOC-1223, 2001. 
  11. Guangru Li, Wei Jiang, Lu Zhang, et al., Design of beam shaping assemblies for accelerator-based BNCT with multi- terminals, Front. Public Health (2021), https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.642561. 
  12. D.A. Allen, T.D. Beynon, A design study for an accelerator-based epithermal neutron beam for BNCT, Phys. Med. Biol. (1994). 
  13. Heikki Joensuu, Leena Kankaanranta, Tiina Seppala, et al., Boron neutron capture therapy of brain tumors: clinical trials at the Finnish facility using boronophenylalanine, J. Neuro Oncol. (2003), https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023293006617. 
  14. Y. Kasesaz, H. Khalafi, F. Rahmani, Optimization of the beam shaping assembly in the D-D neutron generators-based BNCT using the response matrix method, Appl. Radiat. Isot. (2013), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.07.008. 
  15. ICRU, Photon, Electron, Proton and Neutron Interaction Data for Body Tissues, ICRU REPORT, vol. 46, 1992. 
  16. ICRU, Tissue Substitutes in Radiation Dosimetry and Measurement, ICRU REPORT 44, 1989. 
  17. O.E. Kononov, V.N. Kononov, M.V. Bokhovko, et al., Optimization of an accelerator-based epithermal neutron source for neutron capture therapy, in: The 11th World Congress on Neutron Capture Therapy (ISNCT-11), Boston, October 11-15, 2004, 2004.
  18. Jingli Liu Kiger, W.S. Kiger III, Kent J. Riley, et al., Functional and histological changes in rat lung after boron neutron capture therapy, Radiat. Res. Soc. (2008), https://doi.org/10.1667/RR1266.1. 
  19. Li Deng, Chaobin Chen, Tao Ye, et al., The Dosimetry Calculation for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. Diagnostic Techniques and Surgical Management of Brian Tumors, 2001, https://doi.org/10.5772/22270. 
  20. Shintaro Ishiyama, Yoshio Imahori, Jun Itami, et al., Determination of the compound biological effectiveness (CBE) factors based on the ISHIYAMA-IMAHORI deterministic parsing model with the dynamic PET technique, J. Cancer Ther. (2015), https://doi.org/10.4236/jct.2015.68083. 
  21. Minoru Suzuki, Ituro Kato, Teruhito Aihara, et al., Boron neutron capture therapy outcomes for advanced or recurrent head and neck cancer, J. Radiat. Res. (2014), https://doi.org/10.1093/jrr/rrt098. 
  22. Itsuro Kato, Koji Ono, Yoshinori Sakurai, et al., Effectiveness of BNCT for recurrent head and neck malignancies, Appl. Radiat. Isot. (2004), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2004.05.059. 
  23. Lilia Zaidi, Belgaid Mohamed, Rachid Khelifi, Monte Carlo based dosimetry for neutron capture therapy of brain tumors, EPJ Web Conf. 128 (2016) 04003, https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201612804003.