환경생물 (Korean Journal of Environmental Biology)

  • 제42권1호
  • /
  • Pages.46-53
  • /
  • 2024
  • /
  • 1226-9999(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2287-7851(eISSN)
한국환경생물학회 (Korean Society of Environmental Biology)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

법정관리종 지정 및 수거 제도가 외래종 늑대거북 유기에 미치는 영향

The impact of the legal designation and collection system on the abandonment and surrender of non-native common snapping turtle(Chelydra serpentina) in South Korea

  • 박은진 (단국대학교 생명과학부) ;
  • 강하경 (이화여자대학교 에코과학부) ;
  • 김철훈 (야생생물관리협회 중앙사무국) ;
  • 임종윤 (실리콘큐브) ;
  • 장이권 (이화여자대학교 에코과학부) ;
  • 구교성 (이화여자대학교 에코과학연구소)
  • Eun Jin Park (Department of Biological Sciences, Dankook University) ;
  • Hakyung Kang (Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Chul Hoon Kim (Head Office of Wildlife Management Association) ;
  • Jong-Yoon Im (SiliconCube Ltd.) ;
  • Yikweon Jang (Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Kyo Soung Koo (Research Institute of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University)
  • 투고 : 2024.01.05
  • 심사 : 2024.03.06
  • 발행 : 2024.03.31
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

북미 지역이 원산지인 늑대거북(Chelydra serpentina)은 1990년대부터 한국에 수입되었다. 늑대거북은 전국의 대형마트와 펫샵에서 약 20달러 정도의 낮은 가격으로 팔렸다. 이후 큰 크기에 강력한 포식자인 늑대거북은 2014년부터 야생에서 발견되기 시작했으며, 2022년 10월 생태계교란생물로 지정되었다. 이후 2023년 6월 30일까지는 늑대거북의 생태계교란종 지정에 따른 유기를 줄이기 위해 수거 시스템을 운영하였다. 이번 연구에서는 생태계교란종에 대한 법적관리종 지정과 수거 시스템이 늑대거북의 유기와 사육 포기에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 생태계교란종 지정은 늑대거북의 유기에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 반면, 사육 포기 사례는 수거 시스템 운영 직후부터 확인되었다. 늑대거북의 41.8%는 구입 후 3년 내 그리고 67.5%는 3 kg이 되기 전에 사육 포기되었다. 생태계교란종 지정이 늑대거북의 유기에 영향을 미치지 않았다는 결과는 아마도 수생거북의 특성상 개체 파악이 어렵다는 한계가 작용했을 것이다. 반면, 수거 시스템은 자연으로 유기될 수 있는 늑대거북의 상당수를 회수하는 효과가 있는 것으로 판단된다. 따라서, 추후 새롭게 생태계교란종으로 지정하는 외래종에게도 수거 시스템을 적용하는 것이 야생으로의 유기를 제한하는 데 효과적일 것이다.

The common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina), which is native to North America, started to be imported into South Korea as pets in the 1990s. The turtle was sold in supermarkets and pet shops nationwide at low prices such as 20 USD. These non-native turtles, with their large size and strong predatory nature, have been consistently discovered in the wild in South Korea beginning in 2014, and they were designated as an ecosystem-disturbing species (EDS) in October 2022. Until June 30, 2023, a collection system was implemented to reduce the abandonment problem of C. serpentina due to their designation as an EDS. In this study, we analyzed the impacts of the legal designation as an ecologically disturbing species and the collection system of C. serpentina on their abandonment and surrender. Our findings showed that designation as EDS did not affect the abandonment of C. serpentina. Meanwhile, the collection system led to cases of immediate surrender. Within 3 years of post-purchase, 41.8% of the turtles were surrendered, and 67.5% were surrendered when they reached 3kg. Determining the impact of the legal designation as an EDS may be currently limited due to the difficulty of detecting C. serpentina in the wild. On the other hand, cases of surrender through the collection system are considered to be effective as they have been shown to reduce the abandonment of this newly designated ecosystem-disturbing species.

키워드

과제정보

본 결과물은 환경부의 재원으로 한국환경산업기술원의 지원을 받아 연구되었습니다(RS-2021-KE001530).

참고문헌

  1. Anderson RV, ML Gutierrez and MA Romano. 2002. Turtle habitat use in a reach of the upper Mississippi River. J. Freshw. Ecol. 17:171-177. https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2002.9663884
  2. Beard KH and EM O'Neill. 2005. Infection of an invasive frog Eleutherodactylus coqui by the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Hawaii. Biol. Conserv. 126:591-595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2005.07.004
  3. Brown GP and R Shine. 2014. Immune response varies with rate of dispersal in invasive cane toads (Rhinella marina). PLoS One 9:e99734. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0099734
  4. Cadi A and P Joly. 2004. Impact of the introduction of the red-eared slider(Trachemys scripta elegans) on survival rates of the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis). Biodivers. Conserv. 13:2511-2518. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BIOC.0000048451.07820.9c
  5. Cheon SJ, MM Rahman, JA Lee, SM Park, JH Park, DH Lee and HC Sung. 2023. Confirmation of the local establishment of alien invasive turtle, Pseudemys peninsularis, in South Korea, using eggshell DNA. PLoS One 18:e0281808. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281808
  6. Christiansen JL and RR Burken. 1979. Growth and maturity of the snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina) in Iowa. Herpetologica 35:261-266. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3891697
  7. Clavero M and E Garcia-Berthou. 2005. Invasive species are a leading cause of animal extinctions. Trends Ecol. Evol. 20:110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2005.01.003
  8. Congdon JD, RD Nagle, AE Dunham, CW Beck, OM Kinney and SR Yeomans. 1999. The relationship of body size to survivorship of hatchling snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina): An evaluation of the "bigger is better" hypothesis. Oecologia 121:224-235. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420050924
  9. Crowl TA, TO Crist, RR Parmenter, G Belovsky and AE Lugo. 2008. The spread of invasive species and infectious disease as drivers of ecosystem change. Front. Ecol. Environ. 6:238-246. https://doi.org/10.1890/070151
  10. Diagne C, B Leroy, RE Gozlan, AC Vaissiere, C Assailly, L Nuninger, D Roiz, F Jourdain, I Jaric and F Courchamp. 2020. InvaCost, a public database of the economic costs of biological invasions worldwide. Sci. Data 7:277. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-00586-z
  11. Doherty TS, AS Glen, DG Nimmo, EG Ritchie and CR Dickman. 2016. Invasive predators and global biodiversity loss. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 113:11261-11265. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1602480113
  12. Episcopio-Sturgeon DJ and EF Pienaar. 2020. Investigating support for management of the pet trade invasion risk. J. Wildl. Manage. 84:1196-1209. https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21867
  13. Esposito G, L Di Tizio, M Prearo, A Dondo, C Ercolini, G Nieddu, A Ferrari and P Pastorino. 2022. Non-native turtles(Chelydridae) in freshwater ecosystems in Italy: A threat to biodiversity and human health? Animals 12:2057. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12162057
  14. Galbraith DA and RJ Brooks. 1989. Age estimates for snapping turtles. J. Wildl. Manage. 53:502-508. https://doi.org/10.2307/3801156
  15. Garig DF, JR Ennen and JM Davenport. 2020. The effects of common snapping turtles on a freshwater food web. Copeia 108:132-139. https://doi.org/10.1643/CE-19-258
  16. Han SB, KS Koo and Y Jang. 2023. How long did it take for non-native species into Korean wild and be designated as ecological disturbing species? p. 167. In: 2023 Annual Meeting of the Korean Society of Environmental Biology. Jeju, Korea.
  17. Haxton T. 2000. Road mortality of snapping turtles, Chelydra serpentina, in central Ontario during their nesting period. Can. Field-Nat. 114:106-110. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.363919
  18. Jacobetty R, D Lopes, J Fatjo, J Bowen and DL Rodrigues. 2019. Psychological correlates of attitudes toward pet relinquishment and of actual pet relinquishment: The role of pragmatism and obligation. Animals 10:63. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10010063
  19. Jo SI, S Na, CK An, HJ Kim, YJ Jeong, YM Lim, SD Kim, JY Song and H Yi. 2017. Comparison analysis for using the habitat pattern between the Korean endangered species, Mauremys reevesii, and the exotic species, Trachemys scripta elegans. Korean J. Environ. Ecol. 31:397-408. https://doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2017.31.4.397
  20. Kang H, KS Koo and Y Jang. 2023. Potential for food competition between invasive Trachemys scripta elegans and native Mauremys reevesii in South Korea. p. 161. In: 2023 Spring Conference of the Korean Society of Environmental Biology. Yangyang, Korea.
  21. Kato H, M Ishiguro, T Shirawa and Y Kominami. 2015. The record of the Reeve's turtle Mauremys reevesii (Testudines, Geoemydidae), obtained from gastrointestinal contents of the Snapping turtle Chelydra serpentina (Testudines, Chelidridae) in Japan. Nat. His. Tokai Dist. 8:1-3.
  22. Kobayashi R, M Hasegawa and T Miyashita. 2006. Home range and habitat use of the exotic turtle Chelydra serpentina in the Inbanuma Basin, Chiba Prefecture, Central Japan. Curr. Herpetol. 25:47-55. https://doi.org/10.3105/1345-5834(2006)25[47:HRAHUO]2.0.CO;2
  23. Koo KS and HC Sung. 2019. Analysis on the important environmental factors for reproduction of Trachemys scripta elegans in Jeju Island, South Korea. Korean J. Ecol. Environ. 52:378-384. https://doi.org/10.11614/KSL.2019.52.4.378
  24. Koo KS, ES Kim and YK Jang. 2023b. Introduction on the three ectoparasites collected from endangered Reeves' turtle(Mauremys reevesii) in South Korea. p. 1. In: Proceedings of the 16th Meeting of Korean Society of Herpetologist. Jeongeup, Korea.
  25. Koo KS, ES Kim, JH Park, KY Yun, HJ Baek and YK Jang. 2022a. Wild hybridization between native Mauremys reevesii and exotic Mauremys sinensis in South Korea. p. 202. In: 2022 Annual Meeting and International Conference of the Korean Society of Environmental Biology. Busan, Korea.
  26. Koo KS, HJ Jang, DI Kim, SH Kim, HJ Baek and HC Sung. 2019. Report on the large population and habitat status of endangered species, Mauremys reevesii Gray 1831 (Reptilia; Testudines; Geoemydidae) in South Korea. Korean J. Environ. Ecol. 33:402-407. https://doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2019.33.4.402
  27. Koo KS, HK Kang, AJ Kim, SR Kwon, MF Chuang, JY Seo and YK Jang. 2023a. First report on the natural breeding of river cooter, Pseudemys concinna Le Conte(1830), in the Republic of Korea. BioInvasions Rec. 12:306-312. https://doi.org/10.3391/bir.2023.12.1.27
  28. Koo KS, HR Park, JH Choi and HC Sung. 2020a. Present status of non-native amphibians and reptiles traded in Korean online pet shop. Korean J. Environ. Ecol. 34:106-114. https://doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2020.34.2.106
  29. Koo KS, K Yun and Y Jang. 2022b. Ozobranchus jantseanus (Clitellata: Ozobranchidae) from Reeve's Turtle, Mauremys reevesii: New Annelid Fauna in Korea. Korean J. Parasitol. 60:213-215. https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2022.60.3.213
  30. Koo KS, S Song, JH Choi and HC Sung. 2020b. Current distribution and status of non-native freshwater turtles in the Wild, Republic of Korea. Sustainability 12:4042. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104042
  31. Koo KS, SM Park, HJ Kang, HR Park, JH Choi, JS Lee, BK Kim and HC Sung. 2020c. New record of the non-native snapping turtle Chelydra serpentina (Linnaeus, 1758) in the wild of the Republic of Korea. BioInvasions Rec. 9:444-449. https://doi.org/10.3391/bir.2020.9.2.30
  32. McNeely J. 2001. Invasive species: A costly catastrophe for native biodiversity. Land Use Water Resour. Res. 2:1-10. https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.47850
  33. Meeks RL and GR Ultsch. 1990. Overwintering behavior of snapping turtles. Copeia 1990:880-884. https://doi.org/10.2307/1446460
  34. NIE. 2021a. Investigating Ecological Risk of Alien Species. National Institute of Ecology. Seocheon, Korea.
  35. NIE. 2021b. Information for the Field Management of Invasive Alien Species in Korea. National Institute of Ecology. Seocheon, Korea.
  36. Pettit KE, CA Bishop and RJ Brooks. 1995. Home range and movements of the common snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina serpentina, in a coastal wetland of Hamilton Harbour, Lake Ontario, Canada. Can. Field-Nat. 109:192-200. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.357611
  37. Phillips BL, GP Brown, M Greenlees, JK Webb and R Shine. 2007. Rapid expansion of the cane toad(Bufo marinus) invasion front in tropical Australia. Austral Ecol. 32:169-176. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2007.01664.x
  38. Reese SA, DC Jackson and GR Ultsch. 2002. The physiology of overwintering in a turtle that occupies multiple habitats, the common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina). Physiol. Biochem. Zool. 75:432-438. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/342802
  39. Rowan AN. 1992. Shelters and pet overpopulation: A statistical black hole. Anthrozoos 5:140-143. https://doi.org/10.2752/089279392787011430
  40. Ryan TJ, WE Peterman, JD Stephens and SC Sterrett. 2014. Movement and habitat use of the snapping turtle in an urban landscape. Urban Ecosyst. 17:613-623. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-013-0324-1
  41. Seo J, Y Jang and KS Koo. 2023. Dryophytes flaviventris (yellowbellied treefrog). Herpetol. Rev. 54:101.
  42. Seo JY. 2022. Interspecific competition between invasive Redeared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) and endangered Reeves' turtles(Mauremys reevesii) over micro-habitats. M.S. Thesis. Ewha Womans University. Seoul, Korea.
  43. Simberloff D, JL Martin, P Genovesi, V Maris, DA Wardle, J Aronson, F Courchamp, B Galil, E Garcia-Berthou, M Pascal, P Pysek, R Sousa, E Tabacchi and M Vila. 2013. Impacts of biological invasions: what's what and the way forward. Trends Ecol. Evol. 28:58-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2012.07.013
  44. Soto I, RN Cuthbert, A Kouba, C Capinha, A Turbelin, EJ Hudgins, C Diagne, F Courchamp and PJ Haubrock. 2022. Global economic costs of herpetofauna invasions. Sci. Rep. 12:10829. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-15079-9
  45. Steyermark AC, MS Finkler and RJ Brooks. 2008. Biology of the Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina). Johns Hopkins University Press. Baltimore, Maryland. https://doi.org/10.56021/9780801887246
  46. Sul HJ, KS Koo, S Park, Lee D and Y Jang. 2023b. Effects of legal regulation on release of exotic turtles in South Korea. (under review)
  47. Sul HJ, S Park, Y Jang and KS Koo. 2023a. Effects of legal regulation on release of non-native amphibians and reptiles. p. 172. In: 2023 Spring Conference of the Korean Society of Environmental Biology. Yangyang, Korea.
  48. Sun PL, CK Yang, WT Li, WY Lai, YC Fan, HC Huang and PH Yu. 2022. Infection with Nannizziopsis guarroi and Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola in reptiles in Taiwan. Transbound. Emerg. Dis. 69:764-775. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.14049
  49. Thompson MM, BH Coe, JD Congdon, DF Stauffer and WA Hopkins. 2017. Nesting ecology and habitat use of Chelydra serpentina in an area modified by agricultural and industrial activity. Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. 12:292-306.
  50. Van Dijk PP. 2012. Chelydra serpentina (errata version published in 2016). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012:e. T163424A97408395. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012. RLTS.T163424A18547887.en. Accessed December 21, 2023.
  51. Van Wilgen NJ, JRU Wilson, J Elith, BA Wintle and DM Richardson. 2010. Alien invaders and reptile traders: what drives the live animal trade in South Africa? Anim. Conserv. 13:24-32. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2009.00298.x
  52. Wiles GJ, J Bart, RE Beck Jr and CF Aguon. 2003. Impacts of the brown tree snake: patterns of decline and species persistence in Guam's avifauna. Conserv. Biol. 17:1350-1360. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.01526.x
  53. Yokomizo H, HP Possingham, MB Thomas and YM Buckley. 2009. Managing the impact of invasive species: the value of knowing the density-impact curve. Ecol. Appl. 19:376-386. https://doi.org/10.1890/08-0442.1
  54. Zug GR and PB Zug. 1979. The Marine Toad, Bufo marinus: a Natural History Resume of Native Populations. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, D.C. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.284