DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Role of Entrepreneurial Universities for Social Innovation in the Age of Knowledge Democracy: Based on the Quadruple Helix Model

지식 민주주의 시대의 사회적 혁신을 위한 기업가적 대학의 역할: 쿼드러플 힐릭스 모형을 중심으로

  • Souyeon Nam (Department of International Development and Cooperation, Sungkyul University)
  • 남수연 (성결대학교 국제개발협력학과)
  • Received : 2024.05.09
  • Accepted : 2024.05.27
  • Published : 2024.06.30

Abstract

This paper aims to provide policy implications by exploring the role of universities in the Quadruple Helix model with a focus on the social sector. The quadruple helices model complements the triple helices model, which has limitations in reflecting social change, to present a process of innovation creation through interaction between various social actors based on the democracy of knowledge. Based on this, this paper proposes a 'social entrepreneurial university' model that applies the results of the review of democracy of knowledge and social innovation theory to the entrepreneurial university model. In the quadruple helix model of social democratization and inclusion, it is important for social entrepreneurial universities to enhance the role of education, while dedicating their teaching and research capacities to creating and facilitating platforms that structure and promote the interaction of a wide range of local actors.

본고는 쿼드러플 힐릭스 모형에서 사회 분야에 초점을 두고 대학의 역할을 모색하여 정책적 시사점을 제공하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 쿼드러플 힐릭스 모형은 사회 변화 반영의 한계를 보이는 트리플 힐릭스 모형을 보완하여, 지식의 민주주의를 기반으로 다양한 사회 주체 간 상호작용을 통해 혁신을 창출하는 과정을 제시한다. 이를 기반으로 본고는 기업가적 대학 모형에 지식의 민주주의와 사회적 혁신 이론을 검토한 결과를 적용한 '사회 기업가적 대학' 모형을 제안한다. 사회적 민주화 및 포용성이 담보된 쿼드러플 힐릭스 모형에서 사회 기업가적 대학은 교육의 역할을 강화하는 한편, 지역민을 포함한 광범위한 지역 주체의 상호작용을 구조화 및 촉진하는 플랫폼을 조성 및 촉진하는 데 교육 및 연구 역량을 할애하는 것이 중요하다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 2024년 성결대학교 교내연구비 지원으로 수행되었음

References

  1. 구양미, 2022, "Entrepreneurial Ecosystems (기업가적 생태계) 개념과 시사점," 한국경제지리학회지 25(1), pp.1-22.
  2. 김주현.강영은, 2022. "리빙랩 프로젝트 성과분석을 통한 지역사회 리빙랩 전략방향 연구: 경남지역 리빙랩 프로젝트를 중심으로," 한국지리학회지 11(4), pp.465-478.
  3. 남기범, 2023, "산업클러스터에서 혁신지구로: 도시의 산업혁신과 거버넌스," 한국경제지리학회지 26(3), pp.169-189.
  4. 박대민.이중식, 2010, "사회적 과학기술 발전을 위한 새로운 시민참여모형: 온라인과학상점," 커뮤니케이션이론 6(2), pp.6-47.
  5. 이채원.Meyer, M, 2021, "기업가적 대학 (entrepreneurial university)의 개념적 프레임워크 개발: 탐색적 사례연구," 한국진로창업경영학회지 5(1), pp.1-27.
  6. 이철우.이종호.박경숙, 2010, "새로운 지역혁신 모형으로서 트리플 힐릭스에 대한 이론적 고찰," 한국경제지리학회지 13(3), pp.335-353.
  7. 이종호.이철우, 2016, "스마트전문화 전략 및 트리플헬릭스 혁신체계와 클러스터 정책의 연계를 통한 대안적 지역산업정책의 모색," 한국경제지리학회지 19(4), pp.799-811.
  8. 이종호.장후은, 2019, "대학-지역 연계형 산학협력 사업의 발전단계와 특성: LINC+ 사업 참여대학을 중심으로," 한국경제지리학회지 22(1), pp.96-109.
  9. 이진희, 2023, "쿼드러플 헬릭스 기반 지역 콘텐츠산업 생태계 혁신전략 구축에 관한 연구: 경남 콘텐츠산업 생태계를 중심으로," 비교경제연구 30(2), pp.101-126.
  10. 홍은영.성을현.안기돈, 2021, "쿼드러플헬릭스 적용을 통한 산학협력 활성화 방안 연구: 대덕연구개발 특구의 기술사업화를 중심으로," 혁신클러스터연구 12(1), pp.108-135.
  11. Anderson, M., Domanski, D. and Howaldt, J., 2018, "Social innovation as a chance and a challenge for higher education institutions," Atlas of Social Innovation-New Practices for a better future, pp.50-53.
  12. Arnkil, R., Jarvensivu, A., Koski, P. and Piirainen, T., 2010, Exploring quadruple helix outlining user-oriented innovation models, Tyoraportteja 85/2010 Working Papers, Work Research Centre, University of Tampere Institute for Social Research.
  13. Arocena, R. and Sutz, J., 2021, "Universities and social innovation for global sustainable development as seen from the south," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 162, 120399.
  14. Arroyabe, M., Schumann, M. and Arranz, C., 2022, "Mapping the entrepreneurial university literature: a text mining approach," Studies in Higher Education 47(5), pp.955-963.
  15. Audretsch, D. and Belitski, M., 2021, "Three-ring entrepreneurial university: in search of a new business model," Studies in Higher Education 46(5), pp.977-987.
  16. Baccarne, B., Logghe, S., Schuurman, D. and De Marez, L., 2016, "Governing quintuple helix innovation: urban living labs and socio-ecological entrepreneurship," Technology Innovation Management Review 6(3), pp.22-30.
  17. Bellandi, M., Donati, L. and Cataneo, A., 2021, "Social innovation governance and the role of universities: Cases of quadruple helix partnerships in Italy," Technological Forecasting and Social Change 164, p.120518.
  18. Benneworth, P. and Cunha, J., 2015, "Universities' contributions to social innovation: reflections in theory & practice," European Journal of Innovation Management 18(4), pp.508-527.
  19. Bramwell, A. and Wolfe, D., 2008, "Universities and regional economic development: The entrepreneurial University of Waterloo," Research Policy 37(8), pp.1175-1187.
  20. Cai, Y. and Etzkowitz, H., 2020, "Theorizing the Triple Helix model: Past, present, and future," Triple Helix 7(2-3), pp.189-226.
  21. Cai, Y., Ma, J. and Chen, Q., 2020, "Higher education in innovation ecosystems," Sustainability  12(11), p.4376-4387.
  22. Cai, Y. and Lattu, A., 2022, "Triple helix or quadruple helix: which model of innovation to choose for empirical studies?" Minerva 60(2), pp.257-280.
  23. Cai, Y. and Ahmad, I., 2023, "From an entrepreneurial university to a sustainable entrepreneurial university: Conceptualization and evidence in the contexts of European university reforms," Higher Education Policy 36(1), pp.20-52.
  24. Campbell, D., Carayannis, E. and Rehman, S., 2015, "Quadruple helix structures of quality of democracy in innovation systems: the USA, OECD countries, and EU member countries in global comparison," Journal of the Knowledge Economy 6, pp.467-493.
  25. Carayannis, E. and Campbell, D., 2009 " 'Mode 3' and 'Quadruple Helix': toward a 21st century fractal innovation ecosystem," International Journal of Technology Management 46(3-4), pp.201-234.
  26. Carayannis, E. and Campbell, D., 2010, "Triple Helix, Quadruple Helix and Quintuple Helix and how do knowledge, innovation and the environment relate to each other?: a proposed framework for a trans-disciplinary analysis of sustainable development and social ecology," International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 1(1), pp.41-69.
  27. Carayannis, E. and Campbell, D., 2011, "Open innovation diplomacy and a 21st century fractal research, education and innovation (FREIE) ecosystem: building on the quadruple and quintuple helix innovation concepts and the "mode 3" knowledge production system," Journal of the Knowledge Economy 2, pp.327-372.
  28. Carayannis, E., Barth, T. and Campbell, D., 2012, "The Quintuple Helix innovation model: global warming as a challenge and driver for innovation," Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 1, pp.1-12.
  29. Carayannis, E. and Rakhmatullin, R., 2014, "The quadruple/quintuple innovation helixes and smart specialisation strategies for sustainable and inclusive growth in Europe and beyond," Journal of the Knowledge Economy 5, pp.212-239.
  30. Carayannis, E. and Grigoroudis, E., 2016, "Quadruple innovation helix and smart specialization: Knowledge production and national competitiveness," Форсайт 10(1(eng)), pp.31-42.
  31. Carayannis, E., Grigoroudis, E., Stamati, D. and Valvi, T., 2019, "Social business model innovation: A quadruple/quintuple helix-based social innovation ecosystem," IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 68(1), pp.235-248.
  32. Carayannis, E. and Campbell, D., 2021, "Democracy of climate and climate for democracy: The evolution of quadruple and quintuple helix innovation systems," Journal of the Knowledge Economy 12(4), pp.2050-2082.
  33. Carayannis, E. and Morawska-Jancelewicz, J., 2022, "The futures of Europe: Society 5.0 and Industry 5.0 as driving forces of future universities," Journal of the Knowledge Economy 13(4), pp.3445-3471.
  34. Clark, B., 1998, Creating entrepreneurial universities: organizational pathways of transformation. Issues in Higher Education. Elsevier Science Regional Sales, NY 10010.
  35. Cooke, P., Uranga, M. G. and Etxebarria, G., 1997, "Regional innovation systems: Institutional and organisational dimensions," Research Policy 26(4-5), pp.475-491. 
  36. Douglas, E. and Prentice, C., 2019, "Innovation and profit motivations for social entrepreneurship: A fuzzy-set analysis," Journal of Business Research 99, pp.69-79.
  37. Etzkowitz, H., 1983, "Entrepreneurial scientists and entrepreneurial universities in American academic science," Minerva, pp.198-233.
  38. Etzkowitz, H, 2002, MIT and the Rise of Entrepreneurial Science, London: Routledge.
  39. Etzkowitz, H., 2003, "Innovation in innovation: The triple helix of university-industry-government relations," Social Science Information 42(3), pp.293-337.
  40. Etzkowitz, H., 2008, The Triple Helix: University-Industry-Government Innovation in Action, New York/London: Routledge.
  41. Etzkowitz, H., 2013, "Anatomy of the entrepreneurial university," Social Science Information 52(3), pp.486-511.
  42. Etzkowitz, H., 2017, "Innovation Lodestar: The entrepreneurial university in a stellar knowledge firmament," Technological Forecasting and Social Change 123, pp.122-129.
  43. Etzkowitz, H. and Leydesdorff, L., 1995, "The Triple Helix-University-industry-government relations: A laboratory for knowledge based economic development," EASST Review 14(1), pp.14-19.
  44. Etzkowitz, H. and Leydesdorff, L., 1997, "Introduction to special issue on science policy dimensions of the Triple Helix of university-industry-government relations," Science and Public Policy 24(1), pp.2-5.
  45. Etzkowitz, H. and Leydesdorff, L. 2000, "The dynamics of innovation: from National Systems and "Mode 2" to a Triple Helix of university-industry-government relations," Research Policy 29(2), pp.109-123.
  46. Etzkowitz, H., Schuler, H. E. and Gulbrandsen, M., 2000, "The Evolution of Entrepreneurial University," In Jacob, M. and Hellstrom, T. (eds.) The Future of Knowledge Production in the Academy, pp.40-60. SRHE and Open University Press.
  47. Etzkowitz, H. and Zhou, C., 2007, "Regional innovation initiator: the entrepreneurial university in various triple helix models," In Singapore Triple Helix VI Conference Theme Paper, pp.1-25.
  48. Etzkowitz, H. and Zhou, C., 2017, The triple helix: University-industry-government innovation and entrepreneurship. Abingdon / NewYork: Routledge.
  49. Etzkowitz, H., Bikkulov, A., Kovaleinen, A. and Leitner, K. H. 2017, GEUM White Paper-Metrics for the Entrepreneurial University. Triple Helix Working Paper Series.
  50. Fischer, B., Guerrero, M., Guimon, J. and Schaeffer, P. R., 2020, "Knowledge transfer for frugal innovation: where do entrepreneurial universities stand?" Journal of Knowledge Management, 25(2), pp.360-379.
  51. Florida, R., 2005, Cities and the creative class. NewYork / London: Routledge.
  52. Garcia-Teran, J. and Skoglund, A., 2019, "A processual approach for the quadruple helix model: The case of a regional project in Uppsala," Journal of the Knowledge Economy 10, pp.1272-1296.
  53. Guerrero-Cano, M., Urbano, D. and Kirby, D., 2006, "A literature review on entrepreneurial universities: An institutional approach," Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona Working Paper(https://ddd.uab.cat/record/212739).
  54. Guerrero, M. and Urbano, D., 2012, "The development of an entrepreneurial university," The Journal of Technology Transfer 37, pp.43-74.
  55. Guerrero, M., Cunningham, J. A. and Urbano, D., 2015, "Economic impact of entrepreneurial universities' activities: An exploratory study of the United Kingdom," Research Policy 44(3), pp.748-764.
  56. Hasche, N., Hoglund, L. and Linton, G., 2020, "Quadruple helix as a network of relationships: creating value within a Swedish regional innovation system," Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship 32(6), pp.523-544.
  57. Hey, J. D., 2005, "Comparing theories: what are we looking for?," In Advances in Public Economics: Utility, Choice and Welfare: A Festschrift for Christian Seidl (pp. 213-234). Boston, MA: Springer US.
  58. Howaldt, J., Domanski, D. and Kaletka, C, 2016, "Social innovation: Towards a new innovation paradigm," Mackenzie Management Review 17(6), pp.20-44.
  59. Kholiavko, N., Grosu, V., Safonov, Y., Zhavoronok, A. and Cosmulese, C. G., 2021, "Quintuple helix model: investment aspects of higher education impact on sustainability," Management Theory and Studies for Rural Business and Infrastructure Development 43(1), pp.111-128.
  60. Klofsten, M., Fayolle, A., Guerrero, M., Mian, S., Urbano, D. and Wright, M., 2019, "The entrepreneurial university as driver for economic growth and social change-Key strategic challenges," Technological Forecasting and Social Change 141, pp.149-158.
  61. Leydesdorff, L., 2012, "The triple helix, quadruple helix,…, and an N-tuple of helices: explanatory models for analyzing the knowledge-based economy?" Journal of the Knowledge Economy 3, pp.25-35.
  62. Miller, K., McAdam, R. and McAdam, M., 2018, "A systematic literature review of university technology transfer from a quadruple helix perspective: toward a research agenda," R&D Management 48(1), pp.7-24.
  63. Morawska-Jancelewicz, J., 2022, "The role of universities in social innovation within quadruple/quintuple helix model: Practical implications from polish experience," Journal of the Knowledge Economy 13(3), pp.2230-2271.
  64. Mowery, D. C. and Sampat, B. N., 2004, "The Bayh-Dole Act of 1980 and university-industry technology transfer: a model for other OECD governments?" The Journal of Technology Transfer 30, pp.115-127.
  65. Mulgan, G., Tucker, S., Ali, R. and Sanders, B., 2007, Social innovation: what it is, why it matters and how it can be accelerated. Oxford: Young Foundation.
  66. Nordberg, K., 2015, "Enabling regional growth in peripheral non-university regions-the impact of a quadruple helix intermediate organisation," Journal of the Knowledge Economy 6(2), pp.334-356.
  67. Oh, D.-S., Phillips, F., Park, S. and Lee, E., 2016, "Innovation ecosystems: A critical examination," Technovation 54(Supplement C), pp.1-6.
  68. Pike, A., Rodriguez-Pose, A. and Tomaney, J., 2007, "What kind of local and regional development and for whom?" Regional Studies 41(9), pp.1253-1269.
  69. Saha, N., Saha, T. and Saha, P., 2023, "Entrepreneurial University and Social Innovation Ecosystems: Do They Support HEIs' Knowledge-Based Economic Development?" In Pundziene, A., Adams, R., Grichnik, D. and Volkmann, C.(eds.) Artificiality and Sustainability in Entrepreneurship: Exploring the Unforeseen and Paving the Way to a Sustainable Future, pp.215-240.
  70. Schumpeter, J. A., 1912, The Theory of Economic Development: An Inquiry into Profits, Capital, Credit, Interest, and the Business Cycle, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1934.
  71. Sharif, N., 2006, "Emergence and development of the National Innovation Systems concept," Research Policy 35(5), pp.745-766.
  72. Simmel, G., 1950, The Sociology of Georg Simmel, translated and edited by K. H. Wolff. New York: Free Press.
  73. Thomas, E. and Pugh, R., 2020, "From 'entrepreneurial' to 'engaged' universities: Social innovation for regional development in the Global South," Regional Studies 54(12), pp.1631-1643.
  74. Yun, J. J. and Liu, Z., 2019, "Micro-and macro-dynamics of open innovation with a quadruple-helix model," Sustainability 11(12), p.3301.
  75. Wong, C. Y., Hsieh, Y. C., Wu, C. Y. and Hu, M. C., 2019, "Academic entrepreneurship for social innovation in Taiwan: The cases of the ourcitylove platform and the forest app," Science Technology and Society 24(3), pp.446-464.
  76. Zheng, X. and Cai, Y., 2022, "Transforming innovation systems into innovation ecosystems: the role of public policy," Sustainability 14(12), p.7520.