한국환경생태학회지 (Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology)

  • 제38권3호
  • /
  • Pages.230-245
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  • 2024
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  • 1229-3857(pISSN)
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  • 2288-131X(eISSN)
한국환경생태학회 (Korean Society of Environment and Ecology)
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시민참여형 무미목 양서류 음성신호 수집 및 품질관리 방안

Anura Call Monitoring Data Collection and Quality Management through Citizen Participation

  • 김경태 (단국대학교 대학원 생명공학대학 환경원예조경학과) ;
  • 이현정 (단국대학교 대학원 생명공학대학 환경원예조경학과) ;
  • 송원경 (단국대학교 바이오융합대학 생명자원학부)
  • Kyeong-Tae Kim (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Dankook Univ.) ;
  • Hyun-Jung Lee (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Dankook Univ.) ;
  • Won-Kyong Song (Dept. of Life Resources, Dankook Univ.)
  • 투고 : 2023.12.03
  • 심사 : 2024.04.25
  • 발행 : 2024.06.30
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초록

외부 환경변화에 민감한 양서류는 지역 내 생태환경의 변화나 교란을 평가하는 생물지표종으로 활용되고 있다. 도시화로 인한 서식지 파괴, 단절과 같은 인위적인 위협으로 인해 무미목 양서류 종 3분의 1이 멸종 위험에 처한 것으로 알려져있다. 무미목 양서류의 적절한 보호 및 보전전략 마련을 위해서는 개체군의 특성을 고려한 생물종 조사가 요구된다. 본 연구는 무미목 양서류의 번식기 울음소리를 이용한 생태모니터링에 있어 시민들의 참여 가능성을 모색하고자 하였다. 또한 적절한 품질관리 방안을 제안하여 오류나 편향을 제거하고 신뢰도 높은 생물종 출현 자료를 추출하고자 하였다. 시민과학 프로젝트는 국내에 서식하는 무미목 양서류 12종을 대상으로 2022년 4월 1일부터 8월 31일까지 전국을 대상으로 수행되었다. 시민들의 자발적인 참여를 통해 무미목 양서류의 번식기 울음소리를 직접 청취하고 모바일 애플리케이션을 통해 녹음함으로써 음성신호 모니터링이 진행되었다. 또한 품질관리 프로세스를 구축하여 시민들로부터 수집된 데이터의 오류 및 편향을 누락, 허위, 잘못된 식별과 같이 3단계로 분류하여 신뢰도 높은 생물종 출현 자료를 추출하고자 하였다. 시민참여 무미목 양서류 음성신호 모니터링 결과 총 6,808건의 관찰 기록을 수집할 수 있었다. 품질관리 프로세스를 통해 6,808건의 데이터 중 1,944건(28.55%)에서 오류 및 편향이 발생하였다. 오류 및 편향 유형으로는 누락이 922건 (47.43%)으로 높은 빈도를 보였으며 잘못된 식별 540건(27.78%), 허위 482건(24.79%) 순서로 나타났다. 시민과학프로젝트를 통해 국내에 서식하는 12종의 무미목 양서류 중 두꺼비(Bufo gargarizans Cantor), 한국산개구리(Rana coreana)를 제외한 10종의 무미목 양서류의 번식기 울음소리를 관찰할 수 있었다. 주로 개체수 감소로 인하여 관찰이 어렵거나 비 출현 개체의 번식기와 시민과학 프로젝트 진행 시점과의 차이로 인해 번식기 울음소리를 수집하는데 어려움이 발생한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 시민참여를 토대로 국내에 서식하는 무미목 양서류의 번식기 울음소리를 통해 분포현황과 생물종 출현 자료 수집을 처음으로 검토한 연구이다. 향후 시민과학을 접목한 생물음향 모니터링 설계와 시민과학 데이터 품질관리 방안에 대한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Amphibians, sensitive to external environmental changes, serve as bioindicator species for assessing alterations or disturbances in local ecosystems. It is known that one-third of amphibian species within the order Anura are at risk of extinction due to anthropogenic threats such as habitat destruction and fragmentation caused by urbanization. To develop effective protection and conservation strategies for anuran amphibians, species surveys that account for population characteristics are essential. This study aimed to investigate the potential for citizen participation in ecological monitoring using the mating calls of anura species. We also proposed suitable quality control measures to mitigate errors and biases, ensuring the extraction of reliable species occurrence data. The Citizen Science project was carried out nationwide from April 1 to August 31, 2022, targeting 12 species of anura amphibians in Korea. Citizens voluntarily participated in voice signal monitoring, where they listened to anura species' mating calls and recorded them using a mobile application. Additionally, we established a quality control process to extract reliable species occurrence data, categorizing errors and biases from citizen-collected data into three levels: omission, commission, and incorrect identification. A total of 6,808 observations were collected during the citizen participation in anura species vocalization monitoring. Through the quality control process, errors and biases were identified in 1,944 (28.55%) of the 6,808 data. The most common type of error was omission, accounting for 922 cases (47.43%), followed by incorrect identification with 540 cases (27.78%), and commission with 482 cases (24.79%). During the Citizen Science project, we successfully recorded the mating calls of 10 out of the 12 anuran amphibian species in Korea, excluding the Asian toads (Bufo gargarizans Cantor), Korean brown frog (Rana coreana). Difficulties in collecting mating calls were primarily attributed to challenges in observing due to population decline or discrepancies between the breeding season of non-emergent individuals and the timing of the citizen science project. This study represents the first investigation of distribution status and species emergence data collection through mating calls of anura species in Korea based on citizen participation. It can serve as a foundation for designing future bioacoustic monitoring that incorporates citizen science and quality control measures for citizen science data.

키워드

과제정보

본 논문은 환경부 한국환경산업기술원의 생태계 기반 탄소흡수원 조성·관리 기술개발사업(RS-2023-00218245)의 지원을 받아 작성되었습니다.

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