Journal of Environmental Health Sciences (한국환경보건학회지)

Korean Society of Environmental Health (한국환경보건학회)
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Evaluation of Single and Binary Mixture Toxicity of Organic UV-Filters Using H295R Cells

H295R 세포를 활용한 유기 UV-Filters의 단일 및 혼합독성 평가

  • Bomee Lee (Institute of Natural Sciences, Yongin University) ;
  • Inhye Lee (Institute of Natural Sciences, Yongin University) ;
  • Kyunghee Ji (Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Yongin University)
  • 이봄이 (용인대학교 자연과학연구소) ;
  • 이인혜 (용인대학교 자연과학연구소) ;
  • 지경희 (용인대학교 산업환경보건학과)
  • Received : 2024.05.13
  • Accepted : 2024.06.18
  • Published : 2024.06.30
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Abstract

Background: Organic ultraviolet (UV) filters are widely used in sunscreen products and have been identified as an emerging contaminant. Organic UV filters co-exist with multiple components, but their mixture toxicity remains largely unknown. Objectives: We investigated the toxicity of single and binary mixtures of commonly used UV-filters using the human adrenocarcinoma (H295R) cell line. Methods: After exposure to non-cytotoxic concentrations of avobenzone (AVO), homosalate (HS), octisalate (OS), octinoxate (OMC), and octocrylene (OC), the levels of testosterone (T) and 17β-estradiol (E2) were measured. The median effective concentration (EC50) values for the E2 of the individual substances were used to determine the mixture effect of four binary combinations: OMC+AVB, OMC+HS, OMC+OS, and OMC+OC. The synergistic, additive, and antagonistic effects of the mixture were determined by calculating toxic units (TU). To examine the mechanism of mixture toxicity, eight genes involved in steroidogenesis were analyzed using the real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: The significant increase in E2 in H295R cells exposed to AVO, HS, OS, OMC, and OC suggest an estrogenic effect of the tested UV-filters. A significant decrease in T was observed in cells exposed to HS and OS. EC50 values for E2 increase were 105 nM for AVO, 110 nM for HS, 120 nM for OS, 55 nM for OMC, and 80 nM for OC. Both binary mixtures consisting of OMC+HS and OMC+OS have synergistic effects. Conclusions: Our results showed that five types of UV-filter substances increase E2 in H295R cells. We examined the mixture toxicity in terms of increased estrogenicity and confirmed that E2 significantly increased when OMC was mixed with a salicylate-based UV-filters. These findings highlight the importance of determining the impact of UV filter mixtures.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 한국연구재단(RS-2023-00251751)의 지원을 받아 수행되었으며, 이에 감사드립니다.

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