BMB Reports

생화학분자생물학회 (Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology)
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Distinctive contribution of two additional residues in protein aggregation of Aβ42 and Aβ40 isoforms

  • Dongjoon Im (Department of Life Sciences, Korea University) ;
  • Tae Su Choi (Department of Life Sciences, Korea University)
  • 투고 : 2024.03.20
  • 심사 : 2024.04.26
  • 발행 : 2024.06.30
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초록

Amyloid-β (Aβ) is one of the amyloidogenic intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) that self-assemble to protein aggregates, incurring cell malfunction and cytotoxicity. While Aβ has been known to regulate multiple physiological functions, such as enhancing synaptic functions, aiding in the recovery of the blood-brain barrier/brain injury, and exhibiting tumor suppression/antimicrobial activities, the hydrophobicity of the primary structure promotes pathological aggregations that are closely associated with the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ proteins consist of multiple isoforms with 37-43 amino acid residues that are produced by the cleavage of amyloid-β precursor protein (APP). The hydrolytic products of APP are secreted to the extracellular regions of neuronal cells. Aβ 1-42 (Aβ42) and Aβ 1-40 (Aβ40) are dominant isoforms whose significance in AD pathogenesis has been highlighted in numerous studies to understand the molecular mechanism and develop AD diagnosis and therapeutic strategies. In this review, we focus on the differences between Aβ42 and Aβ40 in the molecular mechanism of amyloid aggregations mediated by the two additional residues (Ile41 and Ala42) of Aβ42. The current comprehension of Aβ42 and Aβ40 in AD progression is outlined, together with the structural features of Aβ42/Aβ40 amyloid fibrils, and the aggregation mechanisms of Aβ42/Aβ40. Furthermore, the impact of the heterogeneous distribution of Aβ isoforms during amyloid aggregations is discussed in the system mimicking the coexistence of Aβ42 and Aβ40 in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma.

키워드

과제정보

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. RS-2023-00213155 and RS-2023-00221182 to T.S.C. & RS-2023-00274504 to D.I.), and the Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI) National Research Facilities & Equipment Center (NFEC) funded by the Korea government (Ministry of Education) (2019R1A6C1010028 to T.S.C.). Figures were created with Biorender.com and all graphics related to fibril structures were produced using PyMOL (98).

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