DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

재택근무가 업무 생산성에 미치는 영향과 업무 특성의 조절 효과: 대규모 현장 데이터를 활용한 실증 분석

The Productivity Impact of Working from Home and the Moderating Effect of Task Characteristics: An Empirical Investigation of Field Data

  • 김재영 (한성대학교 대학원 경영학과) ;
  • 이동주 (한성대학교 사회과학부)
  • Jae-Young Kim (Department of Management, Graduate School, Hansung University) ;
  • Dong-Joo Lee (Division of Social Science, Hansung University)
  • 투고 : 2024.02.29
  • 심사 : 2024.03.24
  • 발행 : 2024.03.31

초록

Purpose - This study aims to empirically identify the quantitative effects of work from home (WFH) on employee productivity using field data. Design/methodology/approach - Based on large-scale field data from a South Korean company which introduced the WFH arrangement in 2020, we conducted fixed effect and moderating effect analyses using individual-level panel data over sixty-three weeks. Findings - The empirical analysis generated several findings. It was found that overall, WFH has a positive effect on productivity. However, the productivity impact of WFH was found to vary depending on task characteristics. Specifically, WFH led to over 20% increase in productivity for simple and repetitive tasks. On the other hand, no significant productivity impact was observed for professional and knowledge-based tasks. Research implications or Originality - As the first study based on field data from South Korea, this study offers convincing causal evidence of the moderating impact of task characteristics on the relationship between WFH and productivity. Further, the above findings provide managers with practical insights concerning their work arrangement decisions.

키워드

과제정보

본 연구는 한성대학교 학술연구비 지원과제임.

참고문헌

  1. 권상집 (2023), "재택과 사무실 출근의 갈림길에 선 기업들", 시사저널, 1738호.
  2. 노컷뉴스 (2023), "주요 기업 10곳 중 6곳 재택 근무...축소.중단 늘어", 2023년 11월 5일자.
  3. 서아영 (2012), "스마트워크 (Smart Work) 환경에서 개인의 직무만족에 영향을 미치는 요인", e-비즈니스연구, 13(3), 427-459. https://doi.org/10.15719/GEBA.13.3.201209.427
  4. 스마트에프앤 (2023), "재택근무 철회하는 IT업계...네이버는 재택근무 유지", 2023년 1월 5일자.
  5. 아시아경제 (2023), "재택근무 생산성 평가 '극과극'…"일 잘하나" 노사 불신만 커진다", 2023년 2월 11일자.
  6. 연합뉴스 (2020), "트위터 "원하는 직원은 영구히 재택근무하도록 할 것", 2020년 5월 13일자.
  7. 이투데이 (2021), ""사무실 복귀 안해도 된다" 페이스북, '영구 재택근무' 카드 꺼내들어", 2021년 6월 10일자.
  8. SBS뉴스 (2023), "파티는 끝났다...카카오, '놀금' 사라지고 전면 출근", 2023년 3월 2일자.
  9. Angelici, M., & P. Profeta (2023), "Smart Working: Work Flexibility Without Constraints", Management Science, 70(3), 1680-1705.
  10. Aral, S., & Weill, P. (2007), "IT Assets, Organizational Capabilities, and Firm Performance: How Resource Allocations and Organizational Differences Explain Performance Variation", Organization Science, 18(5), 763-780. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1070.0306
  11. Bailey, D. E., & N. B. Kurland (2002), "A Review of Telework Research: Findings, New Directions and Lessons for the Study of Modern Work", Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(4), 383-400. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.144
  12. Baker, E., G. C. Avery and J. Crawford (2006), "Home Alone: The Role of Technology in Telecommuting", Information Resources Management Journal, 19(4), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.4018/irmj.2006100101
  13. Baruch, Y. (2001), "The Status of Research on Teleworking and an Agenda for Future Research", International Journal of Management Reviews, 3(2), 113-129. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2370.00058
  14. Belanger, F. (1999), "Worker's Propensity to Telecommute: An Empirical Study", Information and Management, 35(3), 139-153.
  15. Belanger, F., R. W. Collins and P. H. Cheney (2001), "Technology Requirements and Work Group Communication for Telecommuters", Information Systems Research, 12(2), 155-176. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.12.2.155.9695
  16. Belanger, F., M. B. Watson-Manheim and B. R. Swan (2013), "A Multi-level Socio-technical Systems Telecommuting Framework", Behaviour & Information Technology, 32(12), 1257-1279. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2012.705894
  17. Bloom, N., J. Liang, J. Roberts and Z. J. Ying (2015), "Does Working from Home Work? Evidence from a Chinese Experiment", The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 130(1), 165-218. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qju032
  18. Brynjolfsson, E. and L. Hitt (1996), "Paradox Lost? Firm-level Evidence on the Returns to Information Systems Spending", Management Science, 42(4), 541-558. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.42.4.541
  19. Emanuel, N. and Harrington, E. (2021), "'Working' Remotely? Selection, Treatment, and Market Provision of Remote Work", Working Paper.
  20. Etheridge, B., Y. Wang and L. Tang (2020), "Worker Productivity during Lockdown and Working from Home: Evidence from Self-reports", ISER Working Paper Series, No. 2020-12.
  21. Financial Times (2021), "Where's the Spark? How Lockdown Caused a Creativity Crisis." https://www.ft.com/content/27364b27-6c0c-4dec-b109-17c054b49465.
  22. Gajendran, R. S. and D. A. Harrison (2007), "The Good, the Bad, and the Unknown about Telecommuting: Meta-analysis of Psychological Mediators and Individual Consequences", Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(6), 1524-1541. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.6.1524
  23. Gibbs, M., F. Mengel and C. Siemroth (2021), "Work from Home & Productivity: Evidence from Personnel & Analytics Data on IT Professionals", University of Chicago, Becker Friedman Institute for Economics Working Paper (2021-56),
  24. Golden, T. D. (2006), "The Role of Relationships in Understanding Telecommuter Satisfaction", Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27, 319-340. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.369
  25. Golden, T. D. and J. F. Veiga (2005), "The Impact of Extent of Telecommuting on Job Satisfaction: Resolving Inconsistent Findings", Journal of Management, 31(2), 301-318. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206304271768
  26. Golden, T. D., J. F. Veiga and R. N. Dino (2008), "The Impact of Professional Isolation on Teleworker Job Performance and Turnover Intentions: Does Time Spent Teleworking, Interacting Face-to-face, or Having Access to Communication-enhancing Technology Matter?", Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(6), 1412-1421. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012722
  27. Hill, E. J., J. J. Erickson, E. K. Holmes and M. Ferris (2010), "Workplace Flexibility, Work Hours, and Work-life Conflict: Finding an Extra Day or Two", Journal of Family Psychology, 24(3), 349-358. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019282
  28. Kleis, L., P. Chwelos, R. V. Ramirez and I. Cockburn (2012), "Information Technology and Intangible Output: The Impact of IT Investment on Innovation Productivity", Information Systems Research, 23(1), 42-59. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.1100.0338
  29. Lee, H., B. Shin and K. Higa (2007), "Telework vs. Central Work: A Comparative View of Knowledge Accessibility", Decision Support Systems, 43(3), 687-700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2006.11.007
  30. Linos, E. (2016), Three Essays on Human Capital in the Public Sector. Doctoral Dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences.
  31. Madsen, S. (2003), "The Effects of Home-based Teleworking on Work-family Conflict", Human Resource Development Quarterly, 14(1), 35-58. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.1049
  32. Majchrzak, A., R. E. Rice, A. Malhotra, N. King and S. Ba (2000), "Technology Adaptation: The Case of a Computer-supported Inter-organizational Virtual Team", MIS Quarterly, 24(4), 569-600. https://doi.org/10.2307/3250948
  33. McCloskey, D. W. and M. Igbaria (2003), "Does "out of Sight" Mean "out of Mind"? An Empirical Investigation of the Career Advancement Prospects of Telecommuters", Information Resources Management Journal, 16(2), 19-34.
  34. Microsoft (2022), Hybrid Work Is Just Work. Are We Doing It Wrong?, https://assets-c4akfrf5b4d3f4b7.z01.azurefd.net/assets/2023/09/a81fcdeb-860a-44f2-aaeb-0525d38358ae-2022_Work_Trend_Index_Pulse_Report_Sep-3697v2.pdf
  35. Pinsonneault, A. and M. Boisvert (2001), "The Impacts of Telecommuting on Organizations and Individuals: A Review of the Literature", In N. J. Johnson (Ed.), Telecommuting and Virtual offices: Issues and Opportunities, Hershey, PA: Idea Group., 163-185.
  36. Ramsower, R. M. (1983), Telecommuting: An Investigation of Some Organizational and Behavioral Effects of Working at Home, Doctoral Dissertation, University of Minnesota.
  37. Sanchez, A. M., M. P. Perez, P. de Luis Carnicer and M. J. V. Jimenez (2007), "Teleworking and Workplace Flexibility: A Study of Impact on Firm Performance", Personnel Review, 36(1), 42-64. https://doi.org/10.1108/00483480710716713
  38. Wall Street Journal (2020), "Companies Start to Think Remote Work Isn't So Great After All," https://www.wsj.com/articles/companies-start-to-think-remote-work-isnt-so-great-after-all-11595603397.