Safety and Health at Work

Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (산업안전보건연구원)
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Development of Korean Representative Headforms for the Total Inward Leakage Testing on Filtering Facepiece Respirators

  • Ah Lam Lee (Department of Clothing & Textiles/Center for Beautiful Aging, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Xin Cui (Department of Industrial & Management of Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Hayoung Jung (Biosciene Group, University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute) ;
  • Hee Eun Kim (Department of Clothing & Textiles/Center for Beautiful Aging, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Eun Jin Jeon (Department of Industrial & Management of Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Hyungjin Na (Medical Convergence Textile Center, Gyeongbuk Technopark) ;
  • Eunmi Kim (Medical Convergence Textile Center, Gyeongbuk Technopark) ;
  • Heecheon You (Department of Industrial & Management of Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology)
  • Received : 2023.05.02
  • Accepted : 2023.11.04
  • Published : 2024.03.30
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Abstract

Background: The lack of headforms that accurately reflect the head characteristics of Koreans and the demographic composition of the Korean population can lead to inadequate FFR testing and reduced effectiveness of FFRs. Method: Direct measurements of 5,110 individuals and 3D measurements of 2,044 individuals, aged between 9 and 69 years, were sampled from the data pool of Size Korea surveys based on the age and gender ratios of the Korean resident demographics. Seven head dimensions were selected based on the ISO 16976-2, availability of Size Korea measurements, and their relevance to the fit performance of FFRs. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using the direct measurements to extract the main factors explaining the head characteristics and then the main factors were standardized and remapped to 3D measurements, creating five size categories representing Korean head shapes. Lastly, representative 3D headforms were constructed by averaging five head shapes for each size category. Results: The study identified two main factors explaining Korean head characteristics by the PCA procedure specified in ISO 16976-2 and developed five representative headforms reflecting the anthropometric features of Korean heads: medium, small, large, short & wide, and long & narrow. Conclusion: This study developed representative headforms tailored to the Korean population for conducting total inward leakage (TIL) tests on filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs). The representative headforms can be used for TIL testing by employing robotic headforms to enhance the performance of FFRs for the Korean target population.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was jointly supported by the grant 'Development of technology to improve quasi-drug quality management system' (21172MFDS172) from the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety of the Republic of Korea in 2021, a grant from Mid-Career Researcher Program through the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology (MEST) (2022R1A2C1013198), a grant from the Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea, and a grant from Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology (KIAT) funded by the Korea Government (MOTIE) (P0008691, HRD Program for Industrial Innovation).

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